The foundation of effectively predicting plant disease in the early stage using deep learning alg... more The foundation of effectively predicting plant disease in the early stage using deep learning algorithms is ideal for addressing food insecurity, inevitably drawing researchers and agricultural specialists to contribute to its effectiveness. The input preprocessor, abnormalities of the data (i.e., incomplete and nonexistent features, class imbalance), classifier, and decision explanation are typical components of a plant disease detection pipeline based on deep learning that accepts an image as input and outputs a diagnosis. Data sets related to plant diseases frequently display a magnitude imbalance due to the scarcity of disease outbreaks in real field conditions. This study examines the effects of several preprocessing methods and class imbalance approaches and deep learning classifiers steps in the pipeline for detecting plant diseases on our data set. We notably want to evaluate if additional preprocessing and effective handling of data inconsistencies in the plant disease pipe...
Controlled environment agriculture (CEA) is an unconventional production system that is resource ... more Controlled environment agriculture (CEA) is an unconventional production system that is resource efficient, uses less space, and produces higher yields. Deep learning (DL) has recently been introduced in CEA for different applications including crop monitoring, detecting biotic and abiotic stresses, irrigation, microclimate prediction, energy efficient controls, and crop growth prediction. However, no review study assess DL’s state of the art to solve diverse problems in CEA. To fill this gap, we systematically reviewed DL methods applied to CEA. The review framework was established by following a series of inclusion and exclusion criteria. After extensive screening, we reviewed a total of 72 studies to extract the useful information. The key contributions of this article are the following: an overview of DL applications in different CEA facilities, including greenhouse, plant factory, and vertical farm, is presented. We found that majority of the studies are focused on DL applicati...
2021 IEEE 26th International Workshop on Computer Aided Modeling and Design of Communication Links and Networks (CAMAD)
Evaluating the performance of LoRa in different operating conditions, especially when LoRa is ado... more Evaluating the performance of LoRa in different operating conditions, especially when LoRa is adopted as communication technology for enabling applications in rural environments, is a key challenge. LoRa performance is affected by the values assigned to several parameters, such as the Spreading Factor (SF), the Code Rate (CR), etc. To this purpose, at first, we designed and implemented a flexible, user-friendly, and easy to program Lora packet generator. Then, we investigated the performance of LoRa in light-dense and very-dense forest vegetation environments when the distance between the transmitter and the receiver varies. This study aimed at highlighting how such performance is related to different LoRa settings when operating in the 433 MHz and 868 MHz bands. Focusing on the link quality and transmission performance, we conducted both a theoretical study and a massive measurements campaign in a field trial deployed in an Italian natural park. Results help find the best LoRa configuration parameters when operating in light-dense or very-dense forest environments.
Time-Slotted Channel Hopping (TSCH) mode in the IEEE 802.15.4-2015 standard provides ultra-high r... more Time-Slotted Channel Hopping (TSCH) mode in the IEEE 802.15.4-2015 standard provides ultra-high reliability and ultra-low power consumption to sensor devices. The key feature of TSCH is the scheduling of time slots and frequencies, which falls outside the current standards. In this paper, we focus on throughput maximizing and max-min fair scheduling problems in a centralized TSCH networks. At first, a polynomial time algorithm for the throughput maximizing scheduling problem is proposed. We proceed to investigate and deliberate on some instances of the problem with their combinatorial properties. Secondly, a novel auction based scheduling algorithm that uses a first-price sealed-bid auction mechanism is presented for the throughput maximizing problem. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm obtains a close throughput performance to the optimal one obtained through CPLEX with a much lower complexity. Moreover, we propose a novel heuristic for the maxmin fair scheduling problem and demonstrate its performance through extensive simulations in terms of the total throughput and fairness varying the number of nodes, frequencies and antennas. Simulation results indicate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm and its close performance to the optimal solution.
Internet of Things (IoT) devices play a crucial role in the overall development of IoT in providi... more Internet of Things (IoT) devices play a crucial role in the overall development of IoT in providing countless applications in various areas. Due to the increasing interest and rapid technological growth of sensor technology, which have certainly revolutionized the way we live today, a need to provide a detailed analysis of the embedded platforms and boards is consequential. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of the recent and most-widely used commercial and research embedded systems and boards in different classification emphasizing their key attributes including processing and memory capabilities, security features, connectivity and communication interfaces, size, cost and appearance, operating system support, power specifications, and battery life and listing some interesting projects for each device. Through this exploration and discussion, readers can have an overall understanding on this area and foster more subsequent studies.
2015 Fifth International Conference on Digital Information and Communication Technology and its Applications (DICTAP), 2015
Statistical modeling of interference power is a useful tool to study and investigate the outage p... more Statistical modeling of interference power is a useful tool to study and investigate the outage probabilities in homogeneous and heterogeneous cellular networks. Also, the ability to analyze and accurately predict the impact of interference via the use of an interference model is an essential way to improve the average throughput (cell edge throughput). There have been several statistical models for aggregating the interference power yielding in results for homogeneous sources, but focus lies on various multicellular scenarios such as heterogeneous networks. Finally, the analytical conditions on the system model parameters are derived and the distributions are determined, on which the statistical properties of interference power can be accurately modeled. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of interference models for various multicellular scenarios emphasizing their domains of application, advantages and disadvantages illustrated with examples. In addition, it gives insights which can facilitate system performance analysis and interference management.
Livestock farming is, in most cases in Europe, unsupervised, thus making it difficult to ensure a... more Livestock farming is, in most cases in Europe, unsupervised, thus making it difficult to ensure adequate control of the position of the animals for the improvement of animal welfare. In addition, the geographical areas involved in livestock grazing usually have difficult access with harsh orography and lack of communications infrastructure, thus the need to provide a low-power livestock localization and monitoring system is of paramount importance, which is crucial not for a sustainable agriculture, but also for the protection of native breeds and meats thanks to their controlled supervision. In this context, this work presents an Internet of things (IoT)-based system integrating low-power wide area (LPWA) technology, cloud, and virtualization services to provide real-time livestock location monitoring. Taking into account the constraints coming from the environment in terms of energy supply and network connectivity, our proposed system is based on a wearable device equipped with in...
Time Slotted Channel Hopping (TSCH), defined among the operating modes in IEEE 802.15.4-2015 stan... more Time Slotted Channel Hopping (TSCH), defined among the operating modes in IEEE 802.15.4-2015 standard, was established to offer a guaranteed quality of service for deterministic industrial type applications. However, the standard only provides a framework but it does not mandate a specific scheduling mechanism. In this paper, we formulate the NP-hard scheduling problem in terms of maximizing the throughput with deadline constraints and at the same time satisfying interference constraints in TSCH Networks. In the considered TSCH network, a centralized entity typically called gateway, coordinates the assignment of frequencies and timeslots to the nodes. To solve this NP-hard throughput scheduling problem, a Genetic Algorithm (GA) framework was adopted. Simulation results corroborate that our GA-based approach yields very close performance to the optimal solutions and operates with much lower complexity. In addition, the results also confirmed that GA outperforms other popular scheduli...
2016 International Symposium on Performance Evaluation of Computer and Telecommunication Systems (SPECTS), 2016
Sensing, computing and communication are the main features of a wireless sensor network (WSN) whi... more Sensing, computing and communication are the main features of a wireless sensor network (WSN) which serves a wide range of applications. Despite its versatility and simplicity, it brought up various challenges such as limited storage, power consumption from radio activities, just to mention a few. The distinguishing traits of sensor networks have a direct impact on their protocol design at each layer, especially at the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer since it manages transmission scheduling as well as duty cycling for energy conservation. To maximize energy efficiency of WSNs, a critical analysis of the radio duty cycle of the WSN operating systems were carried out with experimental evaluation. Moreover, we focus on the energy consumption by conducting experimental measurements on different platforms i.e. OpenMote-CC2538 on various operating systems. Results shows that IEEE 802.15.4e Time Synchronized Channel Hopping (TSCH) has great impact on the energy consumption with respect t...
2018 Global Information Infrastructure and Networking Symposium (GIIS), 2018
Ensuring high quality of service and reliability are the key essential requirements in industrial... more Ensuring high quality of service and reliability are the key essential requirements in industrial type applications. Routing is an essential way in realizing these requirements as it determines the reliability, lifetime, end-to-end delay of a network. Software Defined Networking (SDN) delivers a promising solution to Wireless sensor networks (WSN) in providing flexibility in network management decisions such as routing, scheduling, just to mention a few. On the other hand, IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks (RPL) is considered as the standardized routing protocol for industrial-type applications. Due to the rapid technological growth in WSN, which increases its challenges, a need to provide a detailed performance evaluation of SDN and RPL is consequential. In this paper, we investigate on the performance of SDN and RPL by providing a performance analysis on real-hardware based experimental measurements using OpenMote-CC2538. The results were compared with the sim...
The introduction of the Cloud paradigm has rapidly changed IT-infrastructures in modern organizat... more The introduction of the Cloud paradigm has rapidly changed IT-infrastructures in modern organizations. The application of Cloud systems to manage a growing number of IoT devices such as sensors is continually unfolding and revealing new opportunities. A notable field of research is related to the development of models, applications and real testbed on robots that can be managed and coordinated remotely at a higher layer involving network communications. In this paper, we present Open CLORO: an open testbed for Cloud robotics. We propose Open CLORO, which serves as a benchmark for real experiments for various network applications in which the Robots are equipped with programmable devices that also provide network connectivity and grant access from remote. We provide a detailed overview of the proposed architecture that can be effective for developing and testing not only robots-related experiments but also a wide number of network applications such as distributed coordination, vehicl...
Enabling low data losses and ensuring reliability are essential requirements to guarantee Quality... more Enabling low data losses and ensuring reliability are essential requirements to guarantee Quality of Service in Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) applications. This can be achieved by the adoption of various architectures and standards, the most promising of which is IEEE 802.15.4 Time Slotted Channel Hopping mode. However, there are still several open issues, such as providing effective scheduling scheme in the standard. In this paper, we propose a novel auction based scheduling mechanism that uses a first-price sealed bids auction to solve the throughput maximizing scheduling problem. We considered a centralized IIoT network where the gateway makes frequency allocations and time slot assignment. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm yields a very close throughput performance to the optimal one obtained through CPLEX with a much lower complexity.
From the era of electrical telegraphy to the modern internet protocol (IP)-based networks, the ev... more From the era of electrical telegraphy to the modern internet protocol (IP)-based networks, the evolution from the first generation (1G) to the nascent, fifth generation (5G) networks has been largely gradual, sometimes meteoric. Today, there is the ‘big data’ buzz, the internet is nearly ubiquitous and everything appears to have ‘smart’ capabilities given fascinating technologies such as cloud computing, machine-to-machine (M2M) and the internet of things (IoT). Through these eras, developments have witnessed spells of very low data rates (about 10 kilobits per second (kbps)) to very high rates in a staggering magnitude of 1 terabit per second (Tbps), which is hypothetically attainable in 5G technology. This survey paper presents a recapitulation of the evolution from 1G to 5G. It further elaborates the key capabilities and performance targets of 5G; with emphases on intriguing characteristics (ultra-low latency, ultra-reliability, ultraresponsiveness, ultra-fast data rate, ultra-co...
It is anticipated that SDN coupled with NFV and cloud computing, will become a critical enabling ... more It is anticipated that SDN coupled with NFV and cloud computing, will become a critical enabling technology to radically revolutionize the way network operators will architect and monetize their infrastructure. On the other hand, the Internet of Things (IoT) is transforming the interaction between cyberspace and the physical space with a tremendous impact on everyday life. The effectiveness of these technologies will require new methodological and engineering approaches due to the impressive scale of the problem and the new challenging requests in terms of performance, security and reliability. This paper presents a simple and general SDN-IoT architecture with NFV implementation with specific choices on where and how to adopt SDN and NFV approaches to address the new challenges of the Internet of Things. The architecture will accelerate innovations in the IoT sector, thanks to its flexibility opening new perspectives for fast deployment of software-enabled worldwide services. The paper also look at the business perspective by considering SDN and NFV as enablers of new added value services on top to the existing infrastructure providing more opportunities for revenues leveraging fast deployed services in the value chain.
Smart agriculture and wildlife monitoring are one of the recent trends of Internet of Things (IoT... more Smart agriculture and wildlife monitoring are one of the recent trends of Internet of Things (IoT) applications, which are evolving in providing sustainable solutions from producers. This article details the design, development and assessment of a wildlife monitoring application for IoT animal repelling devices that is able to cover large areas, thanks to the low power wide area networks (LPWAN), which bridge the gap between cellular technologies and short range wireless technologies. LoRa, the global de-facto LPWAN, continues to attract attention given its open specification and ready availability of off-the-shelf hardware, with claims of several kilometers of range in harsh challenging environments. At first, this article presents a survey of the LPWAN for smart agriculture applications. We proceed to evaluate the performance of LoRa transmission technology operating in the 433 MHz and 868 MHz bands, aimed at wildlife monitoring in a forest vegetation area. To characterize the com...
2016 IEEE Conference on Standards for Communications and Networking (CSCN)
IEEE 802.15.4e Time Slotted Channel Hopping (TSCH) standard has gained a lot of attention within ... more IEEE 802.15.4e Time Slotted Channel Hopping (TSCH) standard has gained a lot of attention within the Industrial Internet of Things research community due to its effectiveness in improving reliability and providing ultra-low power consumption for industrial applications, and in which its communication is orchestrated by a schedule. Despite its relevance, the standard leaves out of its scope in defining how the schedule is built, updated and maintained. This open issue is one of the trending topics in the IETF 6TiSCH WG, that still need to be addressed. This work focuses on scheduling in TSCH networks in a centralized manner where the gateway makes time and frequency slot allocation. This paper formulates the scheduling problem as a throughput maximization problem and delay minimization problem. We propose a graph theoretical approach to solve the throughput maximization problem in a centralized way. The combinatorial properties of the scheduling problem are addressed by providing an equivalent maximum weighted bipartite matching (MWBM) problem to reduce the computational complexity and also adopting the Hungarian algorithm in polynomial time. Simulation results are provided to evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme.
2017 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops)
IEEE 802.15.4-2015 is the third revision of IEEE 802.15.4 Standard for Low-Rate Wireless Networks... more IEEE 802.15.4-2015 is the third revision of IEEE 802.15.4 Standard for Low-Rate Wireless Networks. The standard presents Time Slotted Channel Hopping (TSCH) Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol, which provides high reliability and low power consumption to various industrial applications. Despite the effectiveness and the importance of the TSCH protocol, the standard leaves out of its scope in defining how the schedule is built and maintained. In this work, we focus on scheduling in IEEE 802.15.4-2015 TSCH networks from the energy efficiency perspective in a centralized manner where the gateway makes frequency allocations and time slot assignments. At first, we derive an energy consumption model of a TSCH node to determine the network lifetime. Afterwards, we formulate the scheduling problem as an energy efficiency maximization problem, which is a nonlinear integer programming. Motivated by the high computational complexity of the problem, we propose a low-complexity Energy Efficient Scheduler (EES) and Vogel's Approximation Method Heuristic Scheduling Algorithm (VAM-HSA). We make a comparison with the Round Robin Scheduler (RRS) and analyse the schedulers in terms of success probability and energy efficiency. Performance evaluation indicates that EES and VAM-HSA perform better in terms of energy efficiency, while at the same time yielding a good throughput.
International Journal of Interdisciplinary Telecommunications and Networking
Fascinating technologies, such as software defined networking (SDN), network function virtualizat... more Fascinating technologies, such as software defined networking (SDN), network function virtualization (NFV) and mobile edge computing (MEC) among others, have introduced software-enabling capabilities to telecommunications, mobile and wireless communications. To depict this systemic evolution, various terminologies, such as system cloudification, network programmability, advanced computing and most popularly, softwarization, have been used by numerous scholars. Softwarization is now becoming a fully established phenomenon, especially in the new era of the rapidly evolving Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI) and the looming 5G technology. Away from the research and development (R&D) focus on the technological capabilities of softwarization, this article highlights the main stakeholders in softwarization and underlines a tripartite influence of the systemic evolution i.e. technical, social and economic impacts, all of which will be vital in ensuring a sustainable 5G ...
2018 IEEE International Conference on Environmental Engineering (EE)
Technology plays a central role in our everyday life. There has been a surge in the demand of Int... more Technology plays a central role in our everyday life. There has been a surge in the demand of Internet of Things (IoT) in many sectors, which has drawn significant research attention from both the academia and the industry. In the agriculture sector alone, the deployment of IoT has led to smart farming, precision agriculture, just to mention a few. This paper presents the development of Internet of Things application for crop protection to prevent animal intrusions in the crop field. A repelling and a monitoring system is provided to prevent potential damages in Agriculture, both from wild animal attacks and weather conditions.
The foundation of effectively predicting plant disease in the early stage using deep learning alg... more The foundation of effectively predicting plant disease in the early stage using deep learning algorithms is ideal for addressing food insecurity, inevitably drawing researchers and agricultural specialists to contribute to its effectiveness. The input preprocessor, abnormalities of the data (i.e., incomplete and nonexistent features, class imbalance), classifier, and decision explanation are typical components of a plant disease detection pipeline based on deep learning that accepts an image as input and outputs a diagnosis. Data sets related to plant diseases frequently display a magnitude imbalance due to the scarcity of disease outbreaks in real field conditions. This study examines the effects of several preprocessing methods and class imbalance approaches and deep learning classifiers steps in the pipeline for detecting plant diseases on our data set. We notably want to evaluate if additional preprocessing and effective handling of data inconsistencies in the plant disease pipe...
Controlled environment agriculture (CEA) is an unconventional production system that is resource ... more Controlled environment agriculture (CEA) is an unconventional production system that is resource efficient, uses less space, and produces higher yields. Deep learning (DL) has recently been introduced in CEA for different applications including crop monitoring, detecting biotic and abiotic stresses, irrigation, microclimate prediction, energy efficient controls, and crop growth prediction. However, no review study assess DL’s state of the art to solve diverse problems in CEA. To fill this gap, we systematically reviewed DL methods applied to CEA. The review framework was established by following a series of inclusion and exclusion criteria. After extensive screening, we reviewed a total of 72 studies to extract the useful information. The key contributions of this article are the following: an overview of DL applications in different CEA facilities, including greenhouse, plant factory, and vertical farm, is presented. We found that majority of the studies are focused on DL applicati...
2021 IEEE 26th International Workshop on Computer Aided Modeling and Design of Communication Links and Networks (CAMAD)
Evaluating the performance of LoRa in different operating conditions, especially when LoRa is ado... more Evaluating the performance of LoRa in different operating conditions, especially when LoRa is adopted as communication technology for enabling applications in rural environments, is a key challenge. LoRa performance is affected by the values assigned to several parameters, such as the Spreading Factor (SF), the Code Rate (CR), etc. To this purpose, at first, we designed and implemented a flexible, user-friendly, and easy to program Lora packet generator. Then, we investigated the performance of LoRa in light-dense and very-dense forest vegetation environments when the distance between the transmitter and the receiver varies. This study aimed at highlighting how such performance is related to different LoRa settings when operating in the 433 MHz and 868 MHz bands. Focusing on the link quality and transmission performance, we conducted both a theoretical study and a massive measurements campaign in a field trial deployed in an Italian natural park. Results help find the best LoRa configuration parameters when operating in light-dense or very-dense forest environments.
Time-Slotted Channel Hopping (TSCH) mode in the IEEE 802.15.4-2015 standard provides ultra-high r... more Time-Slotted Channel Hopping (TSCH) mode in the IEEE 802.15.4-2015 standard provides ultra-high reliability and ultra-low power consumption to sensor devices. The key feature of TSCH is the scheduling of time slots and frequencies, which falls outside the current standards. In this paper, we focus on throughput maximizing and max-min fair scheduling problems in a centralized TSCH networks. At first, a polynomial time algorithm for the throughput maximizing scheduling problem is proposed. We proceed to investigate and deliberate on some instances of the problem with their combinatorial properties. Secondly, a novel auction based scheduling algorithm that uses a first-price sealed-bid auction mechanism is presented for the throughput maximizing problem. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm obtains a close throughput performance to the optimal one obtained through CPLEX with a much lower complexity. Moreover, we propose a novel heuristic for the maxmin fair scheduling problem and demonstrate its performance through extensive simulations in terms of the total throughput and fairness varying the number of nodes, frequencies and antennas. Simulation results indicate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm and its close performance to the optimal solution.
Internet of Things (IoT) devices play a crucial role in the overall development of IoT in providi... more Internet of Things (IoT) devices play a crucial role in the overall development of IoT in providing countless applications in various areas. Due to the increasing interest and rapid technological growth of sensor technology, which have certainly revolutionized the way we live today, a need to provide a detailed analysis of the embedded platforms and boards is consequential. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of the recent and most-widely used commercial and research embedded systems and boards in different classification emphasizing their key attributes including processing and memory capabilities, security features, connectivity and communication interfaces, size, cost and appearance, operating system support, power specifications, and battery life and listing some interesting projects for each device. Through this exploration and discussion, readers can have an overall understanding on this area and foster more subsequent studies.
2015 Fifth International Conference on Digital Information and Communication Technology and its Applications (DICTAP), 2015
Statistical modeling of interference power is a useful tool to study and investigate the outage p... more Statistical modeling of interference power is a useful tool to study and investigate the outage probabilities in homogeneous and heterogeneous cellular networks. Also, the ability to analyze and accurately predict the impact of interference via the use of an interference model is an essential way to improve the average throughput (cell edge throughput). There have been several statistical models for aggregating the interference power yielding in results for homogeneous sources, but focus lies on various multicellular scenarios such as heterogeneous networks. Finally, the analytical conditions on the system model parameters are derived and the distributions are determined, on which the statistical properties of interference power can be accurately modeled. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of interference models for various multicellular scenarios emphasizing their domains of application, advantages and disadvantages illustrated with examples. In addition, it gives insights which can facilitate system performance analysis and interference management.
Livestock farming is, in most cases in Europe, unsupervised, thus making it difficult to ensure a... more Livestock farming is, in most cases in Europe, unsupervised, thus making it difficult to ensure adequate control of the position of the animals for the improvement of animal welfare. In addition, the geographical areas involved in livestock grazing usually have difficult access with harsh orography and lack of communications infrastructure, thus the need to provide a low-power livestock localization and monitoring system is of paramount importance, which is crucial not for a sustainable agriculture, but also for the protection of native breeds and meats thanks to their controlled supervision. In this context, this work presents an Internet of things (IoT)-based system integrating low-power wide area (LPWA) technology, cloud, and virtualization services to provide real-time livestock location monitoring. Taking into account the constraints coming from the environment in terms of energy supply and network connectivity, our proposed system is based on a wearable device equipped with in...
Time Slotted Channel Hopping (TSCH), defined among the operating modes in IEEE 802.15.4-2015 stan... more Time Slotted Channel Hopping (TSCH), defined among the operating modes in IEEE 802.15.4-2015 standard, was established to offer a guaranteed quality of service for deterministic industrial type applications. However, the standard only provides a framework but it does not mandate a specific scheduling mechanism. In this paper, we formulate the NP-hard scheduling problem in terms of maximizing the throughput with deadline constraints and at the same time satisfying interference constraints in TSCH Networks. In the considered TSCH network, a centralized entity typically called gateway, coordinates the assignment of frequencies and timeslots to the nodes. To solve this NP-hard throughput scheduling problem, a Genetic Algorithm (GA) framework was adopted. Simulation results corroborate that our GA-based approach yields very close performance to the optimal solutions and operates with much lower complexity. In addition, the results also confirmed that GA outperforms other popular scheduli...
2016 International Symposium on Performance Evaluation of Computer and Telecommunication Systems (SPECTS), 2016
Sensing, computing and communication are the main features of a wireless sensor network (WSN) whi... more Sensing, computing and communication are the main features of a wireless sensor network (WSN) which serves a wide range of applications. Despite its versatility and simplicity, it brought up various challenges such as limited storage, power consumption from radio activities, just to mention a few. The distinguishing traits of sensor networks have a direct impact on their protocol design at each layer, especially at the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer since it manages transmission scheduling as well as duty cycling for energy conservation. To maximize energy efficiency of WSNs, a critical analysis of the radio duty cycle of the WSN operating systems were carried out with experimental evaluation. Moreover, we focus on the energy consumption by conducting experimental measurements on different platforms i.e. OpenMote-CC2538 on various operating systems. Results shows that IEEE 802.15.4e Time Synchronized Channel Hopping (TSCH) has great impact on the energy consumption with respect t...
2018 Global Information Infrastructure and Networking Symposium (GIIS), 2018
Ensuring high quality of service and reliability are the key essential requirements in industrial... more Ensuring high quality of service and reliability are the key essential requirements in industrial type applications. Routing is an essential way in realizing these requirements as it determines the reliability, lifetime, end-to-end delay of a network. Software Defined Networking (SDN) delivers a promising solution to Wireless sensor networks (WSN) in providing flexibility in network management decisions such as routing, scheduling, just to mention a few. On the other hand, IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks (RPL) is considered as the standardized routing protocol for industrial-type applications. Due to the rapid technological growth in WSN, which increases its challenges, a need to provide a detailed performance evaluation of SDN and RPL is consequential. In this paper, we investigate on the performance of SDN and RPL by providing a performance analysis on real-hardware based experimental measurements using OpenMote-CC2538. The results were compared with the sim...
The introduction of the Cloud paradigm has rapidly changed IT-infrastructures in modern organizat... more The introduction of the Cloud paradigm has rapidly changed IT-infrastructures in modern organizations. The application of Cloud systems to manage a growing number of IoT devices such as sensors is continually unfolding and revealing new opportunities. A notable field of research is related to the development of models, applications and real testbed on robots that can be managed and coordinated remotely at a higher layer involving network communications. In this paper, we present Open CLORO: an open testbed for Cloud robotics. We propose Open CLORO, which serves as a benchmark for real experiments for various network applications in which the Robots are equipped with programmable devices that also provide network connectivity and grant access from remote. We provide a detailed overview of the proposed architecture that can be effective for developing and testing not only robots-related experiments but also a wide number of network applications such as distributed coordination, vehicl...
Enabling low data losses and ensuring reliability are essential requirements to guarantee Quality... more Enabling low data losses and ensuring reliability are essential requirements to guarantee Quality of Service in Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) applications. This can be achieved by the adoption of various architectures and standards, the most promising of which is IEEE 802.15.4 Time Slotted Channel Hopping mode. However, there are still several open issues, such as providing effective scheduling scheme in the standard. In this paper, we propose a novel auction based scheduling mechanism that uses a first-price sealed bids auction to solve the throughput maximizing scheduling problem. We considered a centralized IIoT network where the gateway makes frequency allocations and time slot assignment. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm yields a very close throughput performance to the optimal one obtained through CPLEX with a much lower complexity.
From the era of electrical telegraphy to the modern internet protocol (IP)-based networks, the ev... more From the era of electrical telegraphy to the modern internet protocol (IP)-based networks, the evolution from the first generation (1G) to the nascent, fifth generation (5G) networks has been largely gradual, sometimes meteoric. Today, there is the ‘big data’ buzz, the internet is nearly ubiquitous and everything appears to have ‘smart’ capabilities given fascinating technologies such as cloud computing, machine-to-machine (M2M) and the internet of things (IoT). Through these eras, developments have witnessed spells of very low data rates (about 10 kilobits per second (kbps)) to very high rates in a staggering magnitude of 1 terabit per second (Tbps), which is hypothetically attainable in 5G technology. This survey paper presents a recapitulation of the evolution from 1G to 5G. It further elaborates the key capabilities and performance targets of 5G; with emphases on intriguing characteristics (ultra-low latency, ultra-reliability, ultraresponsiveness, ultra-fast data rate, ultra-co...
It is anticipated that SDN coupled with NFV and cloud computing, will become a critical enabling ... more It is anticipated that SDN coupled with NFV and cloud computing, will become a critical enabling technology to radically revolutionize the way network operators will architect and monetize their infrastructure. On the other hand, the Internet of Things (IoT) is transforming the interaction between cyberspace and the physical space with a tremendous impact on everyday life. The effectiveness of these technologies will require new methodological and engineering approaches due to the impressive scale of the problem and the new challenging requests in terms of performance, security and reliability. This paper presents a simple and general SDN-IoT architecture with NFV implementation with specific choices on where and how to adopt SDN and NFV approaches to address the new challenges of the Internet of Things. The architecture will accelerate innovations in the IoT sector, thanks to its flexibility opening new perspectives for fast deployment of software-enabled worldwide services. The paper also look at the business perspective by considering SDN and NFV as enablers of new added value services on top to the existing infrastructure providing more opportunities for revenues leveraging fast deployed services in the value chain.
Smart agriculture and wildlife monitoring are one of the recent trends of Internet of Things (IoT... more Smart agriculture and wildlife monitoring are one of the recent trends of Internet of Things (IoT) applications, which are evolving in providing sustainable solutions from producers. This article details the design, development and assessment of a wildlife monitoring application for IoT animal repelling devices that is able to cover large areas, thanks to the low power wide area networks (LPWAN), which bridge the gap between cellular technologies and short range wireless technologies. LoRa, the global de-facto LPWAN, continues to attract attention given its open specification and ready availability of off-the-shelf hardware, with claims of several kilometers of range in harsh challenging environments. At first, this article presents a survey of the LPWAN for smart agriculture applications. We proceed to evaluate the performance of LoRa transmission technology operating in the 433 MHz and 868 MHz bands, aimed at wildlife monitoring in a forest vegetation area. To characterize the com...
2016 IEEE Conference on Standards for Communications and Networking (CSCN)
IEEE 802.15.4e Time Slotted Channel Hopping (TSCH) standard has gained a lot of attention within ... more IEEE 802.15.4e Time Slotted Channel Hopping (TSCH) standard has gained a lot of attention within the Industrial Internet of Things research community due to its effectiveness in improving reliability and providing ultra-low power consumption for industrial applications, and in which its communication is orchestrated by a schedule. Despite its relevance, the standard leaves out of its scope in defining how the schedule is built, updated and maintained. This open issue is one of the trending topics in the IETF 6TiSCH WG, that still need to be addressed. This work focuses on scheduling in TSCH networks in a centralized manner where the gateway makes time and frequency slot allocation. This paper formulates the scheduling problem as a throughput maximization problem and delay minimization problem. We propose a graph theoretical approach to solve the throughput maximization problem in a centralized way. The combinatorial properties of the scheduling problem are addressed by providing an equivalent maximum weighted bipartite matching (MWBM) problem to reduce the computational complexity and also adopting the Hungarian algorithm in polynomial time. Simulation results are provided to evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme.
2017 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops)
IEEE 802.15.4-2015 is the third revision of IEEE 802.15.4 Standard for Low-Rate Wireless Networks... more IEEE 802.15.4-2015 is the third revision of IEEE 802.15.4 Standard for Low-Rate Wireless Networks. The standard presents Time Slotted Channel Hopping (TSCH) Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol, which provides high reliability and low power consumption to various industrial applications. Despite the effectiveness and the importance of the TSCH protocol, the standard leaves out of its scope in defining how the schedule is built and maintained. In this work, we focus on scheduling in IEEE 802.15.4-2015 TSCH networks from the energy efficiency perspective in a centralized manner where the gateway makes frequency allocations and time slot assignments. At first, we derive an energy consumption model of a TSCH node to determine the network lifetime. Afterwards, we formulate the scheduling problem as an energy efficiency maximization problem, which is a nonlinear integer programming. Motivated by the high computational complexity of the problem, we propose a low-complexity Energy Efficient Scheduler (EES) and Vogel's Approximation Method Heuristic Scheduling Algorithm (VAM-HSA). We make a comparison with the Round Robin Scheduler (RRS) and analyse the schedulers in terms of success probability and energy efficiency. Performance evaluation indicates that EES and VAM-HSA perform better in terms of energy efficiency, while at the same time yielding a good throughput.
International Journal of Interdisciplinary Telecommunications and Networking
Fascinating technologies, such as software defined networking (SDN), network function virtualizat... more Fascinating technologies, such as software defined networking (SDN), network function virtualization (NFV) and mobile edge computing (MEC) among others, have introduced software-enabling capabilities to telecommunications, mobile and wireless communications. To depict this systemic evolution, various terminologies, such as system cloudification, network programmability, advanced computing and most popularly, softwarization, have been used by numerous scholars. Softwarization is now becoming a fully established phenomenon, especially in the new era of the rapidly evolving Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI) and the looming 5G technology. Away from the research and development (R&D) focus on the technological capabilities of softwarization, this article highlights the main stakeholders in softwarization and underlines a tripartite influence of the systemic evolution i.e. technical, social and economic impacts, all of which will be vital in ensuring a sustainable 5G ...
2018 IEEE International Conference on Environmental Engineering (EE)
Technology plays a central role in our everyday life. There has been a surge in the demand of Int... more Technology plays a central role in our everyday life. There has been a surge in the demand of Internet of Things (IoT) in many sectors, which has drawn significant research attention from both the academia and the industry. In the agriculture sector alone, the deployment of IoT has led to smart farming, precision agriculture, just to mention a few. This paper presents the development of Internet of Things application for crop protection to prevent animal intrusions in the crop field. A repelling and a monitoring system is provided to prevent potential damages in Agriculture, both from wild animal attacks and weather conditions.
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Papers by Mike Ojo