Microalgae are considered as a promising resource for high-value substances. In this study, indig... more Microalgae are considered as a promising resource for high-value substances. In this study, indigenous microalgae were isolated from various habitats and the optimum growth parameters for high lipid production were determined. Species identification was done by using universal 18S rDNA. Water quality was recorded during the sampling to determine the basic physical-chemical parameters for the growth studies. The screening for microalgae growth was done using plate reader with a focus on lipid-rich isolates by Nile Red fluorescent dye at different growth phase for 15 days. Results showed that ten microalgae species have been successfully cultivated from Terengganu water bodies. Analysis from genus Chlorella showed five isolates (TRG1-A01, TRG1-C01, TRG2-E01, TRG5-A01, and TRG3-B01) were clustered together, while two isolates (TRG2-1, TRG3-B01) from the genus Nannochloropsis were N. oceania. Another two isolates (TRG1-D01, TRG-E01) were closely clustered with Desmodesmus subspicatus while TRG4-C01 was clustered with Dicloster aquatus. The strain TRG2-A01 showed the highest fluorescent intensity indicating it’s potential to produce the highest intracellular lipid content. Thus from this study, we can identify which environmental conditions contribute to the most favourable conditions for algal growth to maximize lipid production which later could be used as live feeds in aquaculture industry.
... Abd Wahid, Mohd Effendy and Jaafar, Siti Nurtahirah and ZM, Hussin and Lola, Muhammad Safiih ... more ... Abd Wahid, Mohd Effendy and Jaafar, Siti Nurtahirah and ZM, Hussin and Lola, Muhammad Safiih and Saad, Mohd Zamri (2004) The effects of Kacip fatimah (Labisia pumila) extract on kidney, liver and uterus of white rat (Rattus norvegicus). ...
Area of the Coral Triangle (CT), namely Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Solom... more Area of the Coral Triangle (CT), namely Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Solomon Islands, and Timor-Leste, comprises 5.7 million km2 of the Pacific Ocean. It is one of the most bio-diverse marine eco-regions on the planet, as well as a global hotspot for seagrass species. Many sea creatures of this eco-region rely on the seagrass ecosystem, especially dugong species extensively (a total number of 2279 individuals), sea turtles (4–6 species), benthic organisms, and fish. Apart from these ecological services, carbon sequestration (2.6 billion Mg CO2 storage) by the seagrass ecosystem is considerably higher in comparison to terrestrial vegetation. In this paper, we scrutinized previously acknowledged seagrass species distribution, the associated fauna in seagrass meadows, the total carbon sequestration in the Coral Triangle, past and present research conducted on seagrass and other aspects, and major threats to seagrass ecosystems within this biogeographic region. Depending on their different locations, the six CT countries have a minimum of 10 to a maximum of 19 seagrass species that belong to four distinct families (Hydrocharitaceae, Cymodoceaceae, Zosteraceae, and Ruppiaceae) and cover almost 58,550.63 km2. While a total of 21 species of seagrass have been found throughout this eco-region, very little research has been conducted to assess the overall status of the ecosystems within this eco-region. Seagrass ecosystems and services from these habitats within the Coral Triangle are also associated with 100 million human inhabitants, who are supported directly or indirectly by the resources of this ecosystem. These inhabitants may cause considerable disturbance to seagrass ecosystems. For the long-term sustainable management and conservation of these ecosystems, two types of threats, namely local human activities and global transboundary issues including climate change, have been identified and need to be taken into consideration. In terms of human activities, local threats include water quality deterioration due to sewage and pollutant discharge, agricultural activities mainly from palm oil plantations, over-exploitation of seagrass-associated resources, sediment runoff, and destructive fishing practices. Global threats comprise macro and microplastics, sea-level rise due to climate change, global warming, and acidification. Further study of social, cultural, and economic interaction between the local inhabitants and seagrass ecosystems is highly recommended for assessing the ecological and economic contribution of this habitat to the human societies of the Coral Triangle. Despite their importance for human food services and the maintenance of the food web for marine and coastal animals, human activities have a negative impact on seagrass ecosystems around the world, particularly in the Coral Triangle.
We isolated fifty-two strains from the marine aquaculture ponds in Malaysia that were evaluated f... more We isolated fifty-two strains from the marine aquaculture ponds in Malaysia that were evaluated for their lipid production and ammonium tolerance and four isolates were selected as new ammonium tolerant microalgae with high-lipid production: TRG10-p102 Oocystis heteromucosa (Chlorophyceae); TRG10-p103 and TRG10-p105 Thalassiosira weissflogii (Bacillariophyceae); and TRG10-p201 Amphora coffeiformis (Bacillariophyceae). Eicosapentenoic acid (EPA) in three diatom strain was between 2.6 and 18.6 % of total fatty acids, which were higher than in O. heteromucosa. Only A. coffeiformi possessed arachidonic acid. Oocystis heteromucosa naturally grew at high ammonium concentrations (1.4-10 mM), whereas the growth of the other strains, T. weissflogii and A. coffeiformi, were visibly inhibited at high ammonium concentrations (>1.4 mM-NH4). However, two strains of T. weissflogii were able to grow at up to 10 mM-NH4 by gradually acclimating to higher ammonium concentrations. The ammonium tolerant strains, especially T. weissflogii which have high EPA contents, were identified as a valuable candidate for biomass production utilizing NH4-N media, such as ammonium-rich wastewater.
Forty clinically healthy goats at the age of approximately 7 months were equally divided into fou... more Forty clinically healthy goats at the age of approximately 7 months were equally divided into four groups. Those in Group 1, 2 and 3 were intranasally exposed to 1 mg, 1.5 mg and 2 mg of lyophilize crude containing 1.0x106 cfu/mL of P. multocida B2, respectively. The procedure was then repeated two weeks after the first inoculation. Group 4 remained as the untreated control group. ELISA was used to determine the levels of IgA and IgG in the serum and lung lavage fluids, while the right apical lobes lungs were cut into seven sections and examined for the sizes of bronchus-associated lymphoid tissues (BALT) and numbers of lymphocytes. Results showed that the levels of serum IgA and IgG were significantly higher (p<0.01) at 1.5 mg and 2 mg doses. Concurrently, the levels of IgA and IgG of the lung lavages were significantly higher (p<0.05) in all treated groups. The sizes of BALT and numbers of lymphocytes were significantly higher (p<0.05) after the first and second inoculation of 2 mg of the crude.
Microalgae are considered as a promising resource for high-value substances. In this study, indig... more Microalgae are considered as a promising resource for high-value substances. In this study, indigenous microalgae were isolated from various habitats and the optimum growth parameters for high lipid production were determined. Species identification was done by using universal 18S rDNA. Water quality was recorded during the sampling to determine the basic physical-chemical parameters for the growth studies. The screening for microalgae growth was done using plate reader with a focus on lipid-rich isolates by Nile Red fluorescent dye at different growth phase for 15 days. Results showed that ten microalgae species have been successfully cultivated from Terengganu water bodies. Analysis from genus Chlorella showed five isolates (TRG1-A01, TRG1-C01, TRG2-E01, TRG5-A01, and TRG3-B01) were clustered together, while two isolates (TRG2-1, TRG3-B01) from the genus Nannochloropsis were N. oceania. Another two isolates (TRG1-D01, TRG-E01) were closely clustered with Desmodesmus subspicatus while TRG4-C01 was clustered with Dicloster aquatus. The strain TRG2-A01 showed the highest fluorescent intensity indicating it’s potential to produce the highest intracellular lipid content. Thus from this study, we can identify which environmental conditions contribute to the most favourable conditions for algal growth to maximize lipid production which later could be used as live feeds in aquaculture industry.
... Abd Wahid, Mohd Effendy and Jaafar, Siti Nurtahirah and ZM, Hussin and Lola, Muhammad Safiih ... more ... Abd Wahid, Mohd Effendy and Jaafar, Siti Nurtahirah and ZM, Hussin and Lola, Muhammad Safiih and Saad, Mohd Zamri (2004) The effects of Kacip fatimah (Labisia pumila) extract on kidney, liver and uterus of white rat (Rattus norvegicus). ...
Area of the Coral Triangle (CT), namely Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Solom... more Area of the Coral Triangle (CT), namely Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Solomon Islands, and Timor-Leste, comprises 5.7 million km2 of the Pacific Ocean. It is one of the most bio-diverse marine eco-regions on the planet, as well as a global hotspot for seagrass species. Many sea creatures of this eco-region rely on the seagrass ecosystem, especially dugong species extensively (a total number of 2279 individuals), sea turtles (4–6 species), benthic organisms, and fish. Apart from these ecological services, carbon sequestration (2.6 billion Mg CO2 storage) by the seagrass ecosystem is considerably higher in comparison to terrestrial vegetation. In this paper, we scrutinized previously acknowledged seagrass species distribution, the associated fauna in seagrass meadows, the total carbon sequestration in the Coral Triangle, past and present research conducted on seagrass and other aspects, and major threats to seagrass ecosystems within this biogeographic region. Depending on their different locations, the six CT countries have a minimum of 10 to a maximum of 19 seagrass species that belong to four distinct families (Hydrocharitaceae, Cymodoceaceae, Zosteraceae, and Ruppiaceae) and cover almost 58,550.63 km2. While a total of 21 species of seagrass have been found throughout this eco-region, very little research has been conducted to assess the overall status of the ecosystems within this eco-region. Seagrass ecosystems and services from these habitats within the Coral Triangle are also associated with 100 million human inhabitants, who are supported directly or indirectly by the resources of this ecosystem. These inhabitants may cause considerable disturbance to seagrass ecosystems. For the long-term sustainable management and conservation of these ecosystems, two types of threats, namely local human activities and global transboundary issues including climate change, have been identified and need to be taken into consideration. In terms of human activities, local threats include water quality deterioration due to sewage and pollutant discharge, agricultural activities mainly from palm oil plantations, over-exploitation of seagrass-associated resources, sediment runoff, and destructive fishing practices. Global threats comprise macro and microplastics, sea-level rise due to climate change, global warming, and acidification. Further study of social, cultural, and economic interaction between the local inhabitants and seagrass ecosystems is highly recommended for assessing the ecological and economic contribution of this habitat to the human societies of the Coral Triangle. Despite their importance for human food services and the maintenance of the food web for marine and coastal animals, human activities have a negative impact on seagrass ecosystems around the world, particularly in the Coral Triangle.
We isolated fifty-two strains from the marine aquaculture ponds in Malaysia that were evaluated f... more We isolated fifty-two strains from the marine aquaculture ponds in Malaysia that were evaluated for their lipid production and ammonium tolerance and four isolates were selected as new ammonium tolerant microalgae with high-lipid production: TRG10-p102 Oocystis heteromucosa (Chlorophyceae); TRG10-p103 and TRG10-p105 Thalassiosira weissflogii (Bacillariophyceae); and TRG10-p201 Amphora coffeiformis (Bacillariophyceae). Eicosapentenoic acid (EPA) in three diatom strain was between 2.6 and 18.6 % of total fatty acids, which were higher than in O. heteromucosa. Only A. coffeiformi possessed arachidonic acid. Oocystis heteromucosa naturally grew at high ammonium concentrations (1.4-10 mM), whereas the growth of the other strains, T. weissflogii and A. coffeiformi, were visibly inhibited at high ammonium concentrations (>1.4 mM-NH4). However, two strains of T. weissflogii were able to grow at up to 10 mM-NH4 by gradually acclimating to higher ammonium concentrations. The ammonium tolerant strains, especially T. weissflogii which have high EPA contents, were identified as a valuable candidate for biomass production utilizing NH4-N media, such as ammonium-rich wastewater.
Forty clinically healthy goats at the age of approximately 7 months were equally divided into fou... more Forty clinically healthy goats at the age of approximately 7 months were equally divided into four groups. Those in Group 1, 2 and 3 were intranasally exposed to 1 mg, 1.5 mg and 2 mg of lyophilize crude containing 1.0x106 cfu/mL of P. multocida B2, respectively. The procedure was then repeated two weeks after the first inoculation. Group 4 remained as the untreated control group. ELISA was used to determine the levels of IgA and IgG in the serum and lung lavage fluids, while the right apical lobes lungs were cut into seven sections and examined for the sizes of bronchus-associated lymphoid tissues (BALT) and numbers of lymphocytes. Results showed that the levels of serum IgA and IgG were significantly higher (p<0.01) at 1.5 mg and 2 mg doses. Concurrently, the levels of IgA and IgG of the lung lavages were significantly higher (p<0.05) in all treated groups. The sizes of BALT and numbers of lymphocytes were significantly higher (p<0.05) after the first and second inoculation of 2 mg of the crude.
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