This exploratory research aims to explore and access the factors which are involved in Pakistan’s... more This exploratory research aims to explore and access the factors which are involved in Pakistan’s water conflict with India and how they are challenging the political existence of Pakistan. As human survival and economic progression are profoundly and directly linked with its accessibility and usability of it. Water is becoming a source of growing distress among nations around the globe. But in this research paper, the water conflict discussed is between the two neighboring nuclear-armed nations (India and Pakistan) with fraught relationships, who have fought three wars, and deeply doubt each other. Both the countries signed a trilateral water treaty with the collaboration of the World Bank in 1961. Though the treaty is usually presented among the few successful examples of water treaties in the world, it is facing threats for the last two decades. This study recommends that government must consider the warning issued by the UN in 2013 regarding the water crisis, Pakistan will face ...
Since independence of Pakistan on 14 August, 1947; role Political parties are one of the most imp... more Since independence of Pakistan on 14 August, 1947; role Political parties are one of the most important and influential element of Pakistan’s politics. Two popular parties have had ruled various periods in Pakistan's history. This article tries to examine their participation and their role in politics and Pakistan’s democratic system. Question arises that how political parties and their actions influence on state’s democratic system. This document also seeks to debate the part of major political parties in the development process of Pakistan’s politics when they are in power or in opposition. The political system in Pakistan is not well developed. As a result, the people of Pakistani are deprived of adequate leadership, which is seen as a threat to Pakistan‘s national security or domestic system.
Pakistan and India are two immediate neighbors having common history and culture; in this way, th... more Pakistan and India are two immediate neighbors having common history and culture; in this way, they should have the warmest ties, but their relationships have remained hostile all the time. Kashmir is very important between the two states, over which three main wars have been fought between them. Despite some important and effective peace initiatives, the main problems in maintaining the bitter taste in bilateral relations remain unresolved. Pakistan has always been pleased to suggest mitigating measures, but Indias response is generally not so good. Today, more than 70 years after independence, both Pakistan and India are not concerned for solving long lasting issues like the Kashmir issue, and water issue. Peace process and stability in South Asia lies between the two major countries. So, South Asian regional security structure is affected by the two main players of this region because they cannot find a peaceful solution of lingering issues.
The employees’ performance is the building block for the organizations to attain competitive edge... more The employees’ performance is the building block for the organizations to attain competitive edge over the competitors in the contemporary competitive situations. The organizations including the higher institutions, are direly needed to focus on employees’ performance if these institutions are serious in reflecting their desired standing. However, there are certain impediments associated with the employees’ performance among which the job burnout, absenteeism, commitment and motivation are foremost. This study aimed at probing these impediments towards employees’ performance in the context of higher education. The data was collected from teaching faculty from higher institutions of KP, Pakistan. The results have provided enough evidence in deciding relationships between employees’ impediments and employees’ performance. Some recommendations have been offered to the policymakers to cater these impediments to achieve the desired standards. Some suggestions have also been providing to ...
The disease named COVID-19 is a pandemic disease that was began in China in December 2019, and af... more The disease named COVID-19 is a pandemic disease that was began in China in December 2019, and after that spread in all over the world. China has victimized badly by the said disease and WHO has stated reservations that Pakistan might appear as the next victim of this pandemic. Pakistan and India are two major players in South Asia, they the facing pandemic disease now a days. Scholar hypothesizes that at contemporary circumstances the Pakistani commonalities are not ready to face any pandemic threat. This study will evaluate the basic health issues regarding covid-19, the political instability and health care facilities given to the Covid-19 victims. It also evaluates the lockdown policies in Pakistan and relieves given by the Governments. Results will be analyzed through secondary sources, journals, articles and other authentic material on this pandemic with null hypothesis that Pakistani community is not well aware of the COVID-19 and having lack of facilities and strategies for ...
RESEARCH ARTICLE SocioEconomic Problems of Aged Citizens in the Punjab: A Case Study of the Dist... more RESEARCH ARTICLE SocioEconomic Problems of Aged Citizens in the Punjab: A Case Study of the Districts Faisalabad, Muzaffargarh and Layyah Zahoor Ahmed , * , Muhammad Muzaffar 2 , Muhammad Arshad Javaid and Nida Fat ima Government Is lamia Col lege, Faisalabad, Pakis tan Department of Pol i t ics and Internat ional Relat ions, In ternat ional Is lamic Universi ty , Is lamabad, Pakis tan Sub Campus Attock, Universi ty of Educat ion, Lahore, Pakistan Department of Pol i t ical Science, Baha-ud-Din Zakariya Universi ty Multan, Pakis tan
This study analyzes the two social networks: Facebook and Twitter and explores the role of social... more This study analyzes the two social networks: Facebook and Twitter and explores the role of social networks in political campaigns during general elections in Pakistan which were held on 25 th of July, 2018. Through social media, all main parties focused to campaign with the use of social media and traditional campaigns. During the elections campaign, political parties had tried to get more coverage in news and advertisements for changing the mind of the voters. This research adopted a qualitative approach with the help of secondary sources. Notably Facebook and Twitter played an important role in 2018 elections. People used internet and observed campaign on regular basis. Social media showed first-class competitors or party aspects, not just a favorable part. By analyzing the data, it was revealed that mostly Facebook users were inclined towards PML-N; while, majority Twitter users were found more inclined towards PTI.
IntroductionLocal government is a public organization, authorized to administer and decide a limi... more IntroductionLocal government is a public organization, authorized to administer and decide a limited range of public policies pertaining to a demarcated territory within a larger and sovereign jurisdiction. It is not possible to govern a modern state without extensive local government, rather it is impossible to govern it if local government is not responsive to the demands of a central power and hence, little answerable directly to the citizens (Scruton, 1980). Government and its functions can be divided into three categories i-e national, provincial and local. The executive making of an area or small community i-e town, city and village by the body representing the local population, having a considerable degree of autonomy, raising a part at least of its income through local taxation and spending the proceeds on services, is called local self-government (Steytler, 2005) In spite of the fact that almost everyone is affected by the activities of local government, there is widespread...
The political socialization is considered significant for the real democracy which is further wel... more The political socialization is considered significant for the real democracy which is further well thought-out a key to the progress and prosperity of a country. In this study, efforts are made to determine the extent of political knowledge incorporated in the compulsory subjects taught at secondary level. The study was qualitative as well as quantitative in design. The content analysis of the eight compulsory books being taught at secondary level was carried out. In quantitative approach, survey research design was used. Data were collected from 828 Secondary School Teachers (SSTs) by a self-developed Likert Scale to validate the results of the content analysis. The reliability of the tool was determined by computing the value of Alpha coefficient that was 0.91. The collected data were analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results of the study showed that neither the curricula nor the teachers were developing the sense of political socialization among the st...
This study explores the scarcity of water within two populous states of the world, World has chal... more This study explores the scarcity of water within two populous states of the world, World has challenge of water war owing the water conflict between the two thirsty nations of the world that might transfer into global war. Qualitative as well as quantitative research methodology was used. Ramification of the study is founded under the current diplomatic and bilateral scenario of the two states, upper riparian states of the region including China and India wanted to divert river water flow to avoid water scarcity in future that might damage agriculture and industry of lower riparian states. It is also recommended that United Nation and other International Organizations should play their part and introduce agreed law and policy of water distribution for the protection of global water conflict.
Liberal Arts and Social Sciences International Journal (LASSIJ)
World is transforming again from unipolar to multipolar. Many regional powers are emerging on the... more World is transforming again from unipolar to multipolar. Many regional powers are emerging on the canvas of international politics. Complex interdependence has taken its place and due to this phenomenon old rivals are now making alliances and friendships. Not even a single state can afford to exist in isolation. Keeping this entire scenario in view this study analyses the future of world politics at extent of political interaction and the next power structure of 21st century. In Past, the order of polarity shifted from bipolar to Unipolar as considered the transition of power in international world. The increasing trends of multipolarity have been allied with these three factors: The end of US hegemony, the peaceful rise of China and other emerging states in different regions, and the shifting nature of power structure from Unipolarity to Multipolarity. This study is qualitative and analytical predictive which is employed to develop and substantiate arguments. The spectacles of mode...
This study explains the concept of Association and procedure of SAARC (South Asian Association fo... more This study explains the concept of Association and procedure of SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation) cooperation in the South Asian region and tries to find a solution as to why India and Pakistan are initially unwilling to join the regional cooperation, and when and how regional cooperation is possible. A qualitative research method is used to evaluate the success and failure of SAARC. Basically, the idea of SAARC is to promote peace, harmony and economic growth through the cooperation of South Asian states, by sharing the available resources and to build trust among parties and also by facilitating collaboration and regular contact between political leaders. The tensions between the two rivalries have caused great damage to SAARC cooperation. The lingering Kashmir issue also remained a great hurdle in the process of progress and cooperation. Indian hegemonic design, mistrust and bad attitude towards the smaller states of South Asia hamper all the efforts for gr...
This article explores the features of Chinas hegemonic ambitions which include more economic powe... more This article explores the features of Chinas hegemonic ambitions which include more economic power than its rivals and the impact of international institutions on the interstate system. As a result, China has achieved Asias first tier of a hegemon, but influence over the global institutional framework is still underway. The eradication of the Pax Americana, however, must slowly materialize in line with Beijings established practices of avoiding confrontation and including various components of the present system. If China succeeds in bringing more and more friends and allies into its clout, Pax Sinica will be successful, but within the Chinese leadership, it is still argued that alliances do not meet the terms of its foreign policy principles.
China is keenly observing the dynamics of world politics and to meet the challenges of the existi... more China is keenly observing the dynamics of world politics and to meet the challenges of the existing world, China is focusing on economic development and industrialization. China is also trying to facilitate other states to overcome their economic problems by providing them with foreign direct investment, loans, development projects, technical assistance, infrastructure building etc. By doing this, it is pursuing the goal of regional integration and connectivity. Almost more than sixty-five countries are going to be linked with this unique project. Specifically, CPEC has the potential to bind tightly the most important regions of the world such as East Asia, South Asia, Central Asia, Middle East, and Eurasia. In this regard, China is facing some serious problems and challenges created by the status quo powers. This research paper highlights the importance of regional integration and the step towards this objective in the shape of CPEC.
This exploratory research aims to explore and access the factors which are involved in Pakistan’s... more This exploratory research aims to explore and access the factors which are involved in Pakistan’s water conflict with India and how they are challenging the political existence of Pakistan. As human survival and economic progression are profoundly and directly linked with its accessibility and usability of it. Water is becoming a source of growing distress among nations around the globe. But in this research paper, the water conflict discussed is between the two neighboring nuclear-armed nations (India and Pakistan) with fraught relationships, who have fought three wars, and deeply doubt each other. Both the countries signed a trilateral water treaty with the collaboration of the World Bank in 1961. Though the treaty is usually presented among the few successful examples of water treaties in the world, it is facing threats for the last two decades. This study recommends that government must consider the warning issued by the UN in 2013 regarding the water crisis, Pakistan will face ...
Since independence of Pakistan on 14 August, 1947; role Political parties are one of the most imp... more Since independence of Pakistan on 14 August, 1947; role Political parties are one of the most important and influential element of Pakistan’s politics. Two popular parties have had ruled various periods in Pakistan's history. This article tries to examine their participation and their role in politics and Pakistan’s democratic system. Question arises that how political parties and their actions influence on state’s democratic system. This document also seeks to debate the part of major political parties in the development process of Pakistan’s politics when they are in power or in opposition. The political system in Pakistan is not well developed. As a result, the people of Pakistani are deprived of adequate leadership, which is seen as a threat to Pakistan‘s national security or domestic system.
Pakistan and India are two immediate neighbors having common history and culture; in this way, th... more Pakistan and India are two immediate neighbors having common history and culture; in this way, they should have the warmest ties, but their relationships have remained hostile all the time. Kashmir is very important between the two states, over which three main wars have been fought between them. Despite some important and effective peace initiatives, the main problems in maintaining the bitter taste in bilateral relations remain unresolved. Pakistan has always been pleased to suggest mitigating measures, but Indias response is generally not so good. Today, more than 70 years after independence, both Pakistan and India are not concerned for solving long lasting issues like the Kashmir issue, and water issue. Peace process and stability in South Asia lies between the two major countries. So, South Asian regional security structure is affected by the two main players of this region because they cannot find a peaceful solution of lingering issues.
The employees’ performance is the building block for the organizations to attain competitive edge... more The employees’ performance is the building block for the organizations to attain competitive edge over the competitors in the contemporary competitive situations. The organizations including the higher institutions, are direly needed to focus on employees’ performance if these institutions are serious in reflecting their desired standing. However, there are certain impediments associated with the employees’ performance among which the job burnout, absenteeism, commitment and motivation are foremost. This study aimed at probing these impediments towards employees’ performance in the context of higher education. The data was collected from teaching faculty from higher institutions of KP, Pakistan. The results have provided enough evidence in deciding relationships between employees’ impediments and employees’ performance. Some recommendations have been offered to the policymakers to cater these impediments to achieve the desired standards. Some suggestions have also been providing to ...
The disease named COVID-19 is a pandemic disease that was began in China in December 2019, and af... more The disease named COVID-19 is a pandemic disease that was began in China in December 2019, and after that spread in all over the world. China has victimized badly by the said disease and WHO has stated reservations that Pakistan might appear as the next victim of this pandemic. Pakistan and India are two major players in South Asia, they the facing pandemic disease now a days. Scholar hypothesizes that at contemporary circumstances the Pakistani commonalities are not ready to face any pandemic threat. This study will evaluate the basic health issues regarding covid-19, the political instability and health care facilities given to the Covid-19 victims. It also evaluates the lockdown policies in Pakistan and relieves given by the Governments. Results will be analyzed through secondary sources, journals, articles and other authentic material on this pandemic with null hypothesis that Pakistani community is not well aware of the COVID-19 and having lack of facilities and strategies for ...
RESEARCH ARTICLE SocioEconomic Problems of Aged Citizens in the Punjab: A Case Study of the Dist... more RESEARCH ARTICLE SocioEconomic Problems of Aged Citizens in the Punjab: A Case Study of the Districts Faisalabad, Muzaffargarh and Layyah Zahoor Ahmed , * , Muhammad Muzaffar 2 , Muhammad Arshad Javaid and Nida Fat ima Government Is lamia Col lege, Faisalabad, Pakis tan Department of Pol i t ics and Internat ional Relat ions, In ternat ional Is lamic Universi ty , Is lamabad, Pakis tan Sub Campus Attock, Universi ty of Educat ion, Lahore, Pakistan Department of Pol i t ical Science, Baha-ud-Din Zakariya Universi ty Multan, Pakis tan
This study analyzes the two social networks: Facebook and Twitter and explores the role of social... more This study analyzes the two social networks: Facebook and Twitter and explores the role of social networks in political campaigns during general elections in Pakistan which were held on 25 th of July, 2018. Through social media, all main parties focused to campaign with the use of social media and traditional campaigns. During the elections campaign, political parties had tried to get more coverage in news and advertisements for changing the mind of the voters. This research adopted a qualitative approach with the help of secondary sources. Notably Facebook and Twitter played an important role in 2018 elections. People used internet and observed campaign on regular basis. Social media showed first-class competitors or party aspects, not just a favorable part. By analyzing the data, it was revealed that mostly Facebook users were inclined towards PML-N; while, majority Twitter users were found more inclined towards PTI.
IntroductionLocal government is a public organization, authorized to administer and decide a limi... more IntroductionLocal government is a public organization, authorized to administer and decide a limited range of public policies pertaining to a demarcated territory within a larger and sovereign jurisdiction. It is not possible to govern a modern state without extensive local government, rather it is impossible to govern it if local government is not responsive to the demands of a central power and hence, little answerable directly to the citizens (Scruton, 1980). Government and its functions can be divided into three categories i-e national, provincial and local. The executive making of an area or small community i-e town, city and village by the body representing the local population, having a considerable degree of autonomy, raising a part at least of its income through local taxation and spending the proceeds on services, is called local self-government (Steytler, 2005) In spite of the fact that almost everyone is affected by the activities of local government, there is widespread...
The political socialization is considered significant for the real democracy which is further wel... more The political socialization is considered significant for the real democracy which is further well thought-out a key to the progress and prosperity of a country. In this study, efforts are made to determine the extent of political knowledge incorporated in the compulsory subjects taught at secondary level. The study was qualitative as well as quantitative in design. The content analysis of the eight compulsory books being taught at secondary level was carried out. In quantitative approach, survey research design was used. Data were collected from 828 Secondary School Teachers (SSTs) by a self-developed Likert Scale to validate the results of the content analysis. The reliability of the tool was determined by computing the value of Alpha coefficient that was 0.91. The collected data were analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results of the study showed that neither the curricula nor the teachers were developing the sense of political socialization among the st...
This study explores the scarcity of water within two populous states of the world, World has chal... more This study explores the scarcity of water within two populous states of the world, World has challenge of water war owing the water conflict between the two thirsty nations of the world that might transfer into global war. Qualitative as well as quantitative research methodology was used. Ramification of the study is founded under the current diplomatic and bilateral scenario of the two states, upper riparian states of the region including China and India wanted to divert river water flow to avoid water scarcity in future that might damage agriculture and industry of lower riparian states. It is also recommended that United Nation and other International Organizations should play their part and introduce agreed law and policy of water distribution for the protection of global water conflict.
Liberal Arts and Social Sciences International Journal (LASSIJ)
World is transforming again from unipolar to multipolar. Many regional powers are emerging on the... more World is transforming again from unipolar to multipolar. Many regional powers are emerging on the canvas of international politics. Complex interdependence has taken its place and due to this phenomenon old rivals are now making alliances and friendships. Not even a single state can afford to exist in isolation. Keeping this entire scenario in view this study analyses the future of world politics at extent of political interaction and the next power structure of 21st century. In Past, the order of polarity shifted from bipolar to Unipolar as considered the transition of power in international world. The increasing trends of multipolarity have been allied with these three factors: The end of US hegemony, the peaceful rise of China and other emerging states in different regions, and the shifting nature of power structure from Unipolarity to Multipolarity. This study is qualitative and analytical predictive which is employed to develop and substantiate arguments. The spectacles of mode...
This study explains the concept of Association and procedure of SAARC (South Asian Association fo... more This study explains the concept of Association and procedure of SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation) cooperation in the South Asian region and tries to find a solution as to why India and Pakistan are initially unwilling to join the regional cooperation, and when and how regional cooperation is possible. A qualitative research method is used to evaluate the success and failure of SAARC. Basically, the idea of SAARC is to promote peace, harmony and economic growth through the cooperation of South Asian states, by sharing the available resources and to build trust among parties and also by facilitating collaboration and regular contact between political leaders. The tensions between the two rivalries have caused great damage to SAARC cooperation. The lingering Kashmir issue also remained a great hurdle in the process of progress and cooperation. Indian hegemonic design, mistrust and bad attitude towards the smaller states of South Asia hamper all the efforts for gr...
This article explores the features of Chinas hegemonic ambitions which include more economic powe... more This article explores the features of Chinas hegemonic ambitions which include more economic power than its rivals and the impact of international institutions on the interstate system. As a result, China has achieved Asias first tier of a hegemon, but influence over the global institutional framework is still underway. The eradication of the Pax Americana, however, must slowly materialize in line with Beijings established practices of avoiding confrontation and including various components of the present system. If China succeeds in bringing more and more friends and allies into its clout, Pax Sinica will be successful, but within the Chinese leadership, it is still argued that alliances do not meet the terms of its foreign policy principles.
China is keenly observing the dynamics of world politics and to meet the challenges of the existi... more China is keenly observing the dynamics of world politics and to meet the challenges of the existing world, China is focusing on economic development and industrialization. China is also trying to facilitate other states to overcome their economic problems by providing them with foreign direct investment, loans, development projects, technical assistance, infrastructure building etc. By doing this, it is pursuing the goal of regional integration and connectivity. Almost more than sixty-five countries are going to be linked with this unique project. Specifically, CPEC has the potential to bind tightly the most important regions of the world such as East Asia, South Asia, Central Asia, Middle East, and Eurasia. In this regard, China is facing some serious problems and challenges created by the status quo powers. This research paper highlights the importance of regional integration and the step towards this objective in the shape of CPEC.
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