International journal of scientific research in science, engineering and technology, Apr 5, 2018
In this paper, a deterministic model with optimal control of cholera in Tanzania is proposed and ... more In this paper, a deterministic model with optimal control of cholera in Tanzania is proposed and analysed. Necessary conditions of optimal control problem were rigorously analysed using Pontryagin's maximum principle and the numerical values of model parameters were estimated using maximum likelihood estimator. Two control strategies were incorporated such as human education campaign and treatment of water (to reduce the growth of the organism) and its' impact were graphically observed. The goal is to minimize the spread of cholera disease in the community and to minimize the costs of control strategies. The results show that the effective use of optimal human education campaign and treatment of water has a significant impact in reducing the spread of the disease in the community.
American Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics, 2015
This paper considers an optimal control analysis for HCV model by incorporating education, health... more This paper considers an optimal control analysis for HCV model by incorporating education, health care, immunization, screening of immigrants and treatment in the model. The goal is to minimize the spread of HCV disease in the community with inflow of infected immigrants and to minimize the costs of control strategies. In this context, the existence of an optimal control is proved. The results show that the effective use of optimal screening of immigrants together with education, health care, immunization and treatment has a significant impact in reducing the spread of the disease in the community.
This paper presents the role of ICTs in transforming Africa’s Education Systems (AES) in science,... more This paper presents the role of ICTs in transforming Africa’s Education Systems (AES) in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) subjects/courses. The paper highlights on a positive shift across Africa in using ICT to improve the quality of teaching and learning through activities such as intensive ICT skills training to teachers, increase in ICT equipments and applications in schools, and emergence of living labs (LLs) and innovation spaces/centres (InnoSpace). We first provide some of the challenges of integrating ICTs in education followed by a description of key past and current ICT initiatives supporting the adoption of ICTs in schools using a number of case studies in sub-Saharan Africa. We further present various ICT-based models for education, as a transformational approach towards integrating ICTs in AES. Moreover, we provide various ICT platforms deployed for education service delivery in disadvantaged African society (e.g., rural areas) including LLs and ...
Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine, 2013
We formulate a deterministic system of ordinary differential equations to quantify HAART treatmen... more We formulate a deterministic system of ordinary differential equations to quantify HAART treatment levels for patients co-infected with HIV and Kaposi's Sarcoma in a high HIV prevalence setting. A qualitative stability analysis of the equilibrium states is carried out and we find that the disease-free equilibrium is globally attracting whenever the reproductive numberℛk<1. A unique endemic equilibrium exists and is locally stable wheneverℛk>1. Therefore, reducingℛkto below unity should be the goal for disease eradication. Provision of HAART is shown to provide dual benefit of reducing HIV spread and the risk of acquiring another fatal disease for HIV/AIDS patients. By providing treatment to 10% of the HIV population, about 87% of the AIDS population acquire protection against coinfection with HIV and Kaposi's Sarcoma (KS). Most sub-Sahara African countries already have programmes in place to screen HIV. Our recommendation is that these programmes should be expanded to ...
International journal of scientific research in science, engineering and technology, Apr 5, 2018
In this paper, a deterministic model with optimal control of cholera in Tanzania is proposed and ... more In this paper, a deterministic model with optimal control of cholera in Tanzania is proposed and analysed. Necessary conditions of optimal control problem were rigorously analysed using Pontryagin's maximum principle and the numerical values of model parameters were estimated using maximum likelihood estimator. Two control strategies were incorporated such as human education campaign and treatment of water (to reduce the growth of the organism) and its' impact were graphically observed. The goal is to minimize the spread of cholera disease in the community and to minimize the costs of control strategies. The results show that the effective use of optimal human education campaign and treatment of water has a significant impact in reducing the spread of the disease in the community.
American Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics, 2015
This paper considers an optimal control analysis for HCV model by incorporating education, health... more This paper considers an optimal control analysis for HCV model by incorporating education, health care, immunization, screening of immigrants and treatment in the model. The goal is to minimize the spread of HCV disease in the community with inflow of infected immigrants and to minimize the costs of control strategies. In this context, the existence of an optimal control is proved. The results show that the effective use of optimal screening of immigrants together with education, health care, immunization and treatment has a significant impact in reducing the spread of the disease in the community.
This paper presents the role of ICTs in transforming Africa’s Education Systems (AES) in science,... more This paper presents the role of ICTs in transforming Africa’s Education Systems (AES) in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) subjects/courses. The paper highlights on a positive shift across Africa in using ICT to improve the quality of teaching and learning through activities such as intensive ICT skills training to teachers, increase in ICT equipments and applications in schools, and emergence of living labs (LLs) and innovation spaces/centres (InnoSpace). We first provide some of the challenges of integrating ICTs in education followed by a description of key past and current ICT initiatives supporting the adoption of ICTs in schools using a number of case studies in sub-Saharan Africa. We further present various ICT-based models for education, as a transformational approach towards integrating ICTs in AES. Moreover, we provide various ICT platforms deployed for education service delivery in disadvantaged African society (e.g., rural areas) including LLs and ...
Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine, 2013
We formulate a deterministic system of ordinary differential equations to quantify HAART treatmen... more We formulate a deterministic system of ordinary differential equations to quantify HAART treatment levels for patients co-infected with HIV and Kaposi's Sarcoma in a high HIV prevalence setting. A qualitative stability analysis of the equilibrium states is carried out and we find that the disease-free equilibrium is globally attracting whenever the reproductive numberℛk<1. A unique endemic equilibrium exists and is locally stable wheneverℛk>1. Therefore, reducingℛkto below unity should be the goal for disease eradication. Provision of HAART is shown to provide dual benefit of reducing HIV spread and the risk of acquiring another fatal disease for HIV/AIDS patients. By providing treatment to 10% of the HIV population, about 87% of the AIDS population acquire protection against coinfection with HIV and Kaposi's Sarcoma (KS). Most sub-Sahara African countries already have programmes in place to screen HIV. Our recommendation is that these programmes should be expanded to ...
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