Breakdown of renal endothelial, tubular and glomerular matrix collagen plays a major role in acut... more Breakdown of renal endothelial, tubular and glomerular matrix collagen plays a major role in acute kidney injury (AKI) development. Such collagen breakdown releases endostatin into the circulation. The aim of this study was to compare the AKI predictive value of plasma endostatin with two previously suggested biomarkers of AKI, cystatin C and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL). We studied 93 patients without kidney disease who had a first plasma sample obtained within 48 h of ICU admission. We identified risk factors for AKI within the population and designed a predictive model. The individual ability and net contribution of endostatin, cystatin C and NGAL to predict AKI were evaluated by the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC), likelihood-ratio test, net reclassification improvement (NRI) and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI). In total, 21 (23 %) patients experienced AKI within 72 h. A three-parameter model (age, illness severity s...
Journal of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia, Jan 8, 2015
To determine the ability of urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (uNGAL) to predict... more To determine the ability of urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (uNGAL) to predict cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury (CSA-AKI), continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), mortality, and a composite outcome of major adverse kidney events at 365 days (MAKE365), and to investigate the influence of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) on NGAL release. A prospective observational study. A single-center university hospital. A cohort of 288 adult cardiac surgery patients. uNGAL was measured at baseline, immediately after surgery, and on days 1 and 2 postoperatively. The authors used the recent Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes consensus criteria to define CSA-AKI. CSA-AKI occurred in 36.1% of patients. uNGAL rapidly became significantly higher in patients who developed AKI, with peak value immediately after surgery (349.9 [76.6-1446.6] v 90.1 [20.8-328] ng/mg creatinine; p<0.001). No measure of uNGAL (peak, postsurgery, day 1 or 2 postsurgery) accurately pre...
The purpose of the study is to assess the effect of a conservative oxygen therapy (COT) (target S... more The purpose of the study is to assess the effect of a conservative oxygen therapy (COT) (target SpO2 of 90%-92%) on radiological atelectasis and mechanical ventilation modes. We conducted a secondary analysis of 105 intensive care unit patients from a pilot before-and-after study. The primary outcomes of this study were changes in atelectasis score (AS) of 555 chest radiographs assessed by radiologists blinded to treatment allocation and time to weaning from mandatory ventilation and first spontaneous ventilation trial (SVT). There was a significant difference in overall AS between groups, and COT was associated with lower time-weighted average AS. In addition, in COT patients, change from mandatory to spontaneous ventilation or time to first SVT was shortened. After adjustment for baseline characteristics and interactions between oxygen therapy, radiological atelectasis, and mechanical ventilation management, patients in the COT group had significantly lower &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;best&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; AS (adjusted odds ratio, 0.28 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 0.12-0.66]; P = .003) and greater improvement in AS in the first 7 days (adjusted odds ratio, 0.42 [95% CI, 0.17-0.99]; P = .049). Moreover, COT was associated with significantly earlier successful weaning from a mandatory ventilation mode (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.96 [95% CI, 1.73-5.04]; P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; .001) and with shorter time to first SVT (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.77 [95% CI, 1.13-2.78]; P = .013). In mechanically ventilated intensive care unit patients, COT might be associated with decreased radiological evidence of atelectasis, earlier weaning from mandatory ventilation modes, and…
Intensive & critical care nursing : the official journal of the British Association of Critical Care Nurses, Jan 17, 2015
To describe self-reported practice of fluid bolus therapy by intensive care nurses. Multi-choice ... more To describe self-reported practice of fluid bolus therapy by intensive care nurses. Multi-choice questionnaire of intensive care nurses conducted in July, 2014. Major university tertiary referral centre. 141 (64%) intensive care nurses responded. The majority of respondents identified 4% albumin as the commonest fluid bolus type and stated a fluid bolus was 250ml; however fluid bolus volume varied from 100ml to 1000ml. Hypotension was identified as the primary physiological trigger for a fluid bolus. In the hour following a fluid bolus for hypotension almost half of respondents expected an 'increase in mean arterial pressure of 0-10mmHg'; for oliguria, >60% expected an 'increase in urinary output of '0.5-1ml/kg/hour'; for low CVP, 50% expected 'an increase in CVP of 3-4mmHg'; and, for tachycardia, 45% expected a 'decrease in heart rate of…
Critical care and resuscitation: journal of the Australasian Academy of Critical Care Medicine
Fluid bolus therapy (FBT) is common in critically ill patients. With the exception of use in pati... more Fluid bolus therapy (FBT) is common in critically ill patients. With the exception of use in patients with traumatic brain injury, FBT with human albumin solution (HAS) appears safe and perhaps superior in severe sepsis. To determine the physiological effects of FBT with 4% v 20% HAS. A retrospective observational study of 202 critically ill patients receiving FBT with HAS in a tertiary intensive care unit between April 2012 and March 2013. FBT was instituted with 4% or 20% HAS, according to clinician preference. We compared biochemical and haemodynamic data between groups at baseline and at 1, 2 and 4 hours after FBT. Patients who had received 20% HAS had more liver disease, a greater need for renal replacement therapy and higher Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation III scores on admission. Patients who had received 4% HAS received a median volume of 500 mL (interquartile range [IQR], 350-500mL), compared with 100mL (IQR, 100- 200mL) in the 20% HAS group (P < 0.0001); ...
Australian critical care : official journal of the Confederation of Australian Critical Care Nurses, Jan 16, 2015
Non-intubated intensive care patients commonly receive supplemental oxygen by high-flow face mask... more Non-intubated intensive care patients commonly receive supplemental oxygen by high-flow face mask (HFFM), simple face mask (FM) and nasal prongs (NP) during their ICU admission. However, high-flow nasal prongs (HFNP) offer considerable performance capabilities that may sufficiently meet all their oxygen therapy requirements. To assess the feasibility, safety and cost-effectiveness of introducing a protocol in which HFNP was the primary oxygen delivery device for non-intubated intensive care patients. Prospective 4-week before-and-after study (6 months apart) for all adult patients admitted to a 22-bed tertiary ICU in Melbourne, Australia. 117 patients (57 before, 60 after) were included: 86 (73.5%) received mechanical ventilation. Feasibility revealed a significant reduction in HFFM (52.6-0%, p<.001), FM (35.1-8.3%, p=.002) and NP (75.4-36.7%, p<.001) use and an increase in HFNP use (31.6-81.7%, p<.05) during the after period. Following extubation, there was a significant r...
Critical care and resuscitation : journal of the Australasian Academy of Critical Care Medicine, 2015
Fluid bolus therapy (FBT) is common in critically ill patients. With the exception of use in pati... more Fluid bolus therapy (FBT) is common in critically ill patients. With the exception of use in patients with traumatic brain injury, FBT with human albumin solution (HAS) appears safe and perhaps superior in severe sepsis. To determine the physiological effects of FBT with 4% v 20% HAS. A retrospective observational study of 202 critically ill patients receiving FBT with HAS in a tertiary intensive care unit between April 2012 and March 2013. FBT was instituted with 4% or 20% HAS, according to clinician preference. We compared biochemical and haemodynamic data between groups at baseline and at 1, 2 and 4 hours after FBT. Patients who had received 20% HAS had more liver disease, a greater need for renal replacement therapy and higher Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation III scores on admission. Patients who had received 4% HAS received a median volume of 500 mL (interquartile range [IQR], 350-500mL), compared with 100mL (IQR, 100- 200mL) in the 20% HAS group (P < 0.0001); ...
Changes in mean perfusion pressure (MPP) from premorbid resting values may contribute to the prog... more Changes in mean perfusion pressure (MPP) from premorbid resting values may contribute to the progression of septic acute kidney injury (AKI). In patients with septic shock, we aimed to investigate the association of changes from premorbid values with AKI severity and progression. We obtained premorbid resting mean arterial pressure (MAP), central venous pressure (CVP), and MPP, and then recorded data from intensive care unit admission 2 hourly for the first 24 hours to calculate hemodynamic deficits. We recorded 4-hourly creatinine measurements for 96 hours. The association of hemodynamic variables with progression of AKI by Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes ≥2 stages was explored by multivariate logistic regression. Of 107 patients, 55 (51.4%) had severe AKI. Median MAP deficit was similar for patients with or without severe AKI. Median MPP deficit was 29% in patients with severe AKI and 24% in those without (P = .04), a difference determined by greater CVP levels. Central venous pressure was independently associated with worsening AKI (odds ratio, 1.26 [95% confidence interval, 1.01-1.58]; P = .04). Mean arterial pressure and MPP deficits were substantial in septic shock patients, with patients with severe AKI having a greater MPP deficit. However, only CVP was independently associated with AKI progression. These findings suggest a possible role for venous congestion in septic AKI.
Critical care and resuscitation : journal of the Australasian Academy of Critical Care Medicine, 2012
Liver transplantation is a major life-saving procedure, and donation after cardiac death (DCD) ha... more Liver transplantation is a major life-saving procedure, and donation after cardiac death (DCD) has increased the pool of potential liver donors. However, DCD livers are at increased risk of primary graft dysfunction and biliary tract ischaemia. Normothermic extracorporeal liver perfusion (NELP) may increase the ability to protect, evaluate and, in future, transplant DCD livers. We conducted proof-of-concept experiments using a DCD model in the pig to assess the short-term (4 hours) feasibility and functional efficacy of NELP. Using extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, parenteral nutrition, separate hepatic artery and portal vein perfusion, and physiological perfusion pressures, we achieved NELP and evidence of function (bile production, paracetamol removal, maintenance of normal ammonia and lactate levels) for 4 hours in pig livers subjected to 15 and 30 minutes of cardiac arrest before explantation. Our experiments justify further investigations of the feasibility and efficacy of h...
Critical care and resuscitation : journal of the Australasian Academy of Critical Care Medicine, 2013
Liver transplantation is a major life-saving procedure and donation after cardiac death (DCD) has... more Liver transplantation is a major life-saving procedure and donation after cardiac death (DCD) has increased the pool of potential liver donors. However, livers procured after DCD are at increased risk of primary graft dysfunction and biliary tract ischaemia. Normothermic extracorporeal liver perfusion (NELP) may increase the ability to protect, evaluate and, in future, transplant DCD livers. We conducted a proof-of-concept experiment using a human liver procured by DCD (deemed not suitable for liver donation) to assess the short-term (3 hours) feasibility, histological effects and functional efficacy of NELP. We used an extracorporeal membrane oxygenation circuit with separate hepatic artery and portal vein perfusion to achieve physiological perfusion pressures, and coupled this with parenteral nutrition and an insulin infusion. We achieved NELP with evidence of liver function (bile production, paracetamol removal and control of ammonia, bilirubin and lactate levels) for 3 hours. Th...
In a previous study, restricting intravenous chloride administration in ICU patients decreased th... more In a previous study, restricting intravenous chloride administration in ICU patients decreased the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI). To test the robustness of this finding, we extended our observation period to 12 months. The study extension included a 1-year control period (18 August 2007 to 17 August 2008) and a 1-year intervention period (18 February 2009 to 17 February 2010). During the extended control period, patients received standard intravenous fluids. During the extended intervention period, we continued to restrict all chloride-rich fluids. We used the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) staging to define AKI. We studied 1,476 control and 1,518 intervention patients. Stages 2 and 3 of KDIGO defined AKI decreased from 302 (20.5 %; 95 % CI, 18.5-22.6 %) to 238 (15.7 %; 95 % CI, 13.9-17.6 %) (P < 0.001) and the use of RRT from 144 (9.8 %; 95 % CI, 8.3-11.4 %) to 103 (6.8 %; 95 % CI, 5.6-8.2 %) (P = 0.003). After adjustment for relevant covariates, libe...
Breakdown of renal endothelial, tubular and glomerular matrix collagen plays a major role in acut... more Breakdown of renal endothelial, tubular and glomerular matrix collagen plays a major role in acute kidney injury (AKI) development. Such collagen breakdown releases endostatin into the circulation. The aim of this study was to compare the AKI predictive value of plasma endostatin with two previously suggested biomarkers of AKI, cystatin C and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL). We studied 93 patients without kidney disease who had a first plasma sample obtained within 48 h of ICU admission. We identified risk factors for AKI within the population and designed a predictive model. The individual ability and net contribution of endostatin, cystatin C and NGAL to predict AKI were evaluated by the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC), likelihood-ratio test, net reclassification improvement (NRI) and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI). In total, 21 (23 %) patients experienced AKI within 72 h. A three-parameter model (age, illness severity s...
Journal of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia, Jan 8, 2015
To determine the ability of urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (uNGAL) to predict... more To determine the ability of urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (uNGAL) to predict cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury (CSA-AKI), continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), mortality, and a composite outcome of major adverse kidney events at 365 days (MAKE365), and to investigate the influence of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) on NGAL release. A prospective observational study. A single-center university hospital. A cohort of 288 adult cardiac surgery patients. uNGAL was measured at baseline, immediately after surgery, and on days 1 and 2 postoperatively. The authors used the recent Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes consensus criteria to define CSA-AKI. CSA-AKI occurred in 36.1% of patients. uNGAL rapidly became significantly higher in patients who developed AKI, with peak value immediately after surgery (349.9 [76.6-1446.6] v 90.1 [20.8-328] ng/mg creatinine; p<0.001). No measure of uNGAL (peak, postsurgery, day 1 or 2 postsurgery) accurately pre...
The purpose of the study is to assess the effect of a conservative oxygen therapy (COT) (target S... more The purpose of the study is to assess the effect of a conservative oxygen therapy (COT) (target SpO2 of 90%-92%) on radiological atelectasis and mechanical ventilation modes. We conducted a secondary analysis of 105 intensive care unit patients from a pilot before-and-after study. The primary outcomes of this study were changes in atelectasis score (AS) of 555 chest radiographs assessed by radiologists blinded to treatment allocation and time to weaning from mandatory ventilation and first spontaneous ventilation trial (SVT). There was a significant difference in overall AS between groups, and COT was associated with lower time-weighted average AS. In addition, in COT patients, change from mandatory to spontaneous ventilation or time to first SVT was shortened. After adjustment for baseline characteristics and interactions between oxygen therapy, radiological atelectasis, and mechanical ventilation management, patients in the COT group had significantly lower &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;best&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; AS (adjusted odds ratio, 0.28 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 0.12-0.66]; P = .003) and greater improvement in AS in the first 7 days (adjusted odds ratio, 0.42 [95% CI, 0.17-0.99]; P = .049). Moreover, COT was associated with significantly earlier successful weaning from a mandatory ventilation mode (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.96 [95% CI, 1.73-5.04]; P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; .001) and with shorter time to first SVT (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.77 [95% CI, 1.13-2.78]; P = .013). In mechanically ventilated intensive care unit patients, COT might be associated with decreased radiological evidence of atelectasis, earlier weaning from mandatory ventilation modes, and…
Intensive & critical care nursing : the official journal of the British Association of Critical Care Nurses, Jan 17, 2015
To describe self-reported practice of fluid bolus therapy by intensive care nurses. Multi-choice ... more To describe self-reported practice of fluid bolus therapy by intensive care nurses. Multi-choice questionnaire of intensive care nurses conducted in July, 2014. Major university tertiary referral centre. 141 (64%) intensive care nurses responded. The majority of respondents identified 4% albumin as the commonest fluid bolus type and stated a fluid bolus was 250ml; however fluid bolus volume varied from 100ml to 1000ml. Hypotension was identified as the primary physiological trigger for a fluid bolus. In the hour following a fluid bolus for hypotension almost half of respondents expected an 'increase in mean arterial pressure of 0-10mmHg'; for oliguria, >60% expected an 'increase in urinary output of '0.5-1ml/kg/hour'; for low CVP, 50% expected 'an increase in CVP of 3-4mmHg'; and, for tachycardia, 45% expected a 'decrease in heart rate of…
Critical care and resuscitation: journal of the Australasian Academy of Critical Care Medicine
Fluid bolus therapy (FBT) is common in critically ill patients. With the exception of use in pati... more Fluid bolus therapy (FBT) is common in critically ill patients. With the exception of use in patients with traumatic brain injury, FBT with human albumin solution (HAS) appears safe and perhaps superior in severe sepsis. To determine the physiological effects of FBT with 4% v 20% HAS. A retrospective observational study of 202 critically ill patients receiving FBT with HAS in a tertiary intensive care unit between April 2012 and March 2013. FBT was instituted with 4% or 20% HAS, according to clinician preference. We compared biochemical and haemodynamic data between groups at baseline and at 1, 2 and 4 hours after FBT. Patients who had received 20% HAS had more liver disease, a greater need for renal replacement therapy and higher Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation III scores on admission. Patients who had received 4% HAS received a median volume of 500 mL (interquartile range [IQR], 350-500mL), compared with 100mL (IQR, 100- 200mL) in the 20% HAS group (P < 0.0001); ...
Australian critical care : official journal of the Confederation of Australian Critical Care Nurses, Jan 16, 2015
Non-intubated intensive care patients commonly receive supplemental oxygen by high-flow face mask... more Non-intubated intensive care patients commonly receive supplemental oxygen by high-flow face mask (HFFM), simple face mask (FM) and nasal prongs (NP) during their ICU admission. However, high-flow nasal prongs (HFNP) offer considerable performance capabilities that may sufficiently meet all their oxygen therapy requirements. To assess the feasibility, safety and cost-effectiveness of introducing a protocol in which HFNP was the primary oxygen delivery device for non-intubated intensive care patients. Prospective 4-week before-and-after study (6 months apart) for all adult patients admitted to a 22-bed tertiary ICU in Melbourne, Australia. 117 patients (57 before, 60 after) were included: 86 (73.5%) received mechanical ventilation. Feasibility revealed a significant reduction in HFFM (52.6-0%, p<.001), FM (35.1-8.3%, p=.002) and NP (75.4-36.7%, p<.001) use and an increase in HFNP use (31.6-81.7%, p<.05) during the after period. Following extubation, there was a significant r...
Critical care and resuscitation : journal of the Australasian Academy of Critical Care Medicine, 2015
Fluid bolus therapy (FBT) is common in critically ill patients. With the exception of use in pati... more Fluid bolus therapy (FBT) is common in critically ill patients. With the exception of use in patients with traumatic brain injury, FBT with human albumin solution (HAS) appears safe and perhaps superior in severe sepsis. To determine the physiological effects of FBT with 4% v 20% HAS. A retrospective observational study of 202 critically ill patients receiving FBT with HAS in a tertiary intensive care unit between April 2012 and March 2013. FBT was instituted with 4% or 20% HAS, according to clinician preference. We compared biochemical and haemodynamic data between groups at baseline and at 1, 2 and 4 hours after FBT. Patients who had received 20% HAS had more liver disease, a greater need for renal replacement therapy and higher Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation III scores on admission. Patients who had received 4% HAS received a median volume of 500 mL (interquartile range [IQR], 350-500mL), compared with 100mL (IQR, 100- 200mL) in the 20% HAS group (P < 0.0001); ...
Changes in mean perfusion pressure (MPP) from premorbid resting values may contribute to the prog... more Changes in mean perfusion pressure (MPP) from premorbid resting values may contribute to the progression of septic acute kidney injury (AKI). In patients with septic shock, we aimed to investigate the association of changes from premorbid values with AKI severity and progression. We obtained premorbid resting mean arterial pressure (MAP), central venous pressure (CVP), and MPP, and then recorded data from intensive care unit admission 2 hourly for the first 24 hours to calculate hemodynamic deficits. We recorded 4-hourly creatinine measurements for 96 hours. The association of hemodynamic variables with progression of AKI by Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes ≥2 stages was explored by multivariate logistic regression. Of 107 patients, 55 (51.4%) had severe AKI. Median MAP deficit was similar for patients with or without severe AKI. Median MPP deficit was 29% in patients with severe AKI and 24% in those without (P = .04), a difference determined by greater CVP levels. Central venous pressure was independently associated with worsening AKI (odds ratio, 1.26 [95% confidence interval, 1.01-1.58]; P = .04). Mean arterial pressure and MPP deficits were substantial in septic shock patients, with patients with severe AKI having a greater MPP deficit. However, only CVP was independently associated with AKI progression. These findings suggest a possible role for venous congestion in septic AKI.
Critical care and resuscitation : journal of the Australasian Academy of Critical Care Medicine, 2012
Liver transplantation is a major life-saving procedure, and donation after cardiac death (DCD) ha... more Liver transplantation is a major life-saving procedure, and donation after cardiac death (DCD) has increased the pool of potential liver donors. However, DCD livers are at increased risk of primary graft dysfunction and biliary tract ischaemia. Normothermic extracorporeal liver perfusion (NELP) may increase the ability to protect, evaluate and, in future, transplant DCD livers. We conducted proof-of-concept experiments using a DCD model in the pig to assess the short-term (4 hours) feasibility and functional efficacy of NELP. Using extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, parenteral nutrition, separate hepatic artery and portal vein perfusion, and physiological perfusion pressures, we achieved NELP and evidence of function (bile production, paracetamol removal, maintenance of normal ammonia and lactate levels) for 4 hours in pig livers subjected to 15 and 30 minutes of cardiac arrest before explantation. Our experiments justify further investigations of the feasibility and efficacy of h...
Critical care and resuscitation : journal of the Australasian Academy of Critical Care Medicine, 2013
Liver transplantation is a major life-saving procedure and donation after cardiac death (DCD) has... more Liver transplantation is a major life-saving procedure and donation after cardiac death (DCD) has increased the pool of potential liver donors. However, livers procured after DCD are at increased risk of primary graft dysfunction and biliary tract ischaemia. Normothermic extracorporeal liver perfusion (NELP) may increase the ability to protect, evaluate and, in future, transplant DCD livers. We conducted a proof-of-concept experiment using a human liver procured by DCD (deemed not suitable for liver donation) to assess the short-term (3 hours) feasibility, histological effects and functional efficacy of NELP. We used an extracorporeal membrane oxygenation circuit with separate hepatic artery and portal vein perfusion to achieve physiological perfusion pressures, and coupled this with parenteral nutrition and an insulin infusion. We achieved NELP with evidence of liver function (bile production, paracetamol removal and control of ammonia, bilirubin and lactate levels) for 3 hours. Th...
In a previous study, restricting intravenous chloride administration in ICU patients decreased th... more In a previous study, restricting intravenous chloride administration in ICU patients decreased the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI). To test the robustness of this finding, we extended our observation period to 12 months. The study extension included a 1-year control period (18 August 2007 to 17 August 2008) and a 1-year intervention period (18 February 2009 to 17 February 2010). During the extended control period, patients received standard intravenous fluids. During the extended intervention period, we continued to restrict all chloride-rich fluids. We used the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) staging to define AKI. We studied 1,476 control and 1,518 intervention patients. Stages 2 and 3 of KDIGO defined AKI decreased from 302 (20.5 %; 95 % CI, 18.5-22.6 %) to 238 (15.7 %; 95 % CI, 13.9-17.6 %) (P < 0.001) and the use of RRT from 144 (9.8 %; 95 % CI, 8.3-11.4 %) to 103 (6.8 %; 95 % CI, 5.6-8.2 %) (P = 0.003). After adjustment for relevant covariates, libe...
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Papers by Neil Glassford