Introduction. Comprehensive and efficient investigations of the earliest peopling of the Southern... more Introduction. Comprehensive and efficient investigations of the earliest peopling of the Southern Urals became possible after the discovery of Mysovaya site in Abzelilovsky District of Bashkortostan (Russia). The Paleolithic materials from this site were considered mixed — Acheulean/Mousterian — or Mousterian proper. In recent years, the Lower and Middle Paleolithic site of Kusimovo-8 has been discovered nearby. This is a scattered workshop site on pebble flint outcrops within the terrace surface of the Bannoe-Sabakty paleolake. Goals. The study attempts an insight into the earliest peopling of the Southern Urals, describes and analyzes the Lower Paleolithic collection. Results. The finds were identified on the basis of technical and typological characteristics and preservation parameters. The collection comprises a total of 121 items, most of the objects made of flint pebbles and only two bifaces made of diabase. Nucleuses with patinated surfaces (19 items) are diverse enough: mainly flat cores of parallel and sub-parallel shearing are available to be quantitatively followed by radial, fan-shaped, and orthogonal cores. The tools are represented by oval and almond-shaped hand axes, cleavers, piked tools, a chopper, biface blanks, and various side-scrapers. The stratigraphy of test pits shows the presence of two cultural horizons: flint chips were found under the Middle Paleolithic cultural layer (grayish-brown loam with dolomite gravel) — 0.5 m lower in yellowish-brown loam. Paleoecological analyses of the pits attest to that yellowish-brown loam deposits can be dated to the Middle Pleistocene. Similar conditions were identified for Lower Paleolithic finds discovered at Mysovaya site. Similarity of both the sites makes it possible to conclude as to comparable ages of these collections and that they may cluster together within one Karyshkino-type industry which unites a majority of Lower Paleolithic sites across the Southern Transurals, all of them to form a specific variant of the Tayacian.
The author analyzes sources from the inlet child burial in Mound 1 of the Shatmantamak I burial g... more The author analyzes sources from the inlet child burial in Mound 1 of the Shatmantamak I burial ground. It is located in the northern steppe of the Southern Urals (today’s Miyakinsky District of Bashkortostan, Russia), within Bugulminskaya-Belebeevskaya Upland. It is shown that this burial belongs to the earlier stage of the Early Iron Age (late 9 th—8 th centuries BC). It was the time when a bright and recognizable “nomadic complex” was spreading across the Eurasian steppe from east to west. This one and closely related burials used to be previously regarded as part of the transitional period from the Bronze Age to the Early Iron Age. The early nomadic epoch in the Southern Urals is also marked by finds of Karasuk bronze daggers and knives.
В 2019 году исполнилось 120 лет со дня рождения одного из основателей археологии Северо-Восточног... more В 2019 году исполнилось 120 лет со дня рождения одного из основателей археологии Северо-Восточного Китая (Манчжурии) – Владимира Васильевича Поносова (1899-1975), родившегося и выросшего в Уфе, но оказавшегося в эмиграции в годы Гражданской войны. В статье приводятся данные по истории семьи Поносовых-Молло, вехи жизни В.В.Поносова и его научая биография. Похоронен В.В.Поносов в Брисбене (Австралия), где он обосновался в начале 1960-х гг. и преподавал в Квинслендском университете.
Представлены материалы трех памятников – поселений Банное-5а (Березки). Теляшево-4 и Саб... more Представлены материалы трех памятников – поселений Банное-5а (Березки). Теляшево-4 и Сабакты-3/5, на которых найдена раннекочевническая керамика (конец V – конец IV вв. до н.э.). Все рассматриваемые памятники расположены в узкой полосе горных степей вдоль восточного склона Южного Урала (совр. Абзелиловский район Республики Башкортостан), на широте г. Магнитогорск. Анализ данных по поселению Банное-5а (Березки), исследовавшегося в 1972–1976 и 2004–2005 гг., показывает, что на его территории зафиксировано три пункта распространения раннекочевнической керамики, два из них, выявленных в раскопе, имеют очень небольшие размеры. Близкая ситуация зафиксирована также и на поселении Теляшево-4. Также показано, что все три рассматриваемых памятника могут быть интерпретированы как кочевнические стоянки. Анализ всей имеющейся информации по территории расселения кочевников Южного Урала в середине I тыс. до н.э. позволяет говорить о том, что стоянки и другие близкие им типы поселенческих памятников имели очень широкое распространение (в настоящее время учтено более 30 объектов). Значительную сложность представляет поиск и фиксация таких памятников, однако только через их изучение можно получить новую информацию по хозяйству, системе расселения и освоению территорий. The paper deals with the materials from three sites, namely the settlement Bannoye-5a (Berezki), Telyashe-vo-4 and Sabakty-3/5. They are discovered with ceramics of the early nomads (late V – late IV century BC). All these sites are situated within a narrow strip of mountain steppes along the eastern slope of the Southern Urals (modern Abzelilovsky district of the Republic of Bashkortostan). It is on the same latitude as Magni-togorsk. The settlement Bannoye-5a (Berezki) was studied in 1972–1976 and 2004–2005. The received mate-rials were analyzed and showed three points of spread early nomadic ceramics. Two of them were revealed by excavations and are rather small in size. Also a similar situation was at Telyashevo-4 settlement. It is shown that all three sites can be interpreted as nomadic campsites. When the author analyzes all the information about the spread area of Southern Ural nomads in the middle of the I millennium BC, the author can conclude that the campsites and other types of settlements close to them were quite common (more than 30 sites are currently recorded). It is particularly complicated to fi nd and register such kind of sites, however, studying them is the only way to learn something new about their household, spread and land development.
Современные решения актуальных проблем евразийской археологии : сб. науч. ст. / отв. ред. А.А. Тишкин. — Барнаул : Изд-во Алт. ун-та, 2023. — Вып. 3. — 362 с., 2023
Рассматривается история культурной атрибуции элитного некрополя около с. Филипповка на юге Оренбу... more Рассматривается история культурной атрибуции элитного некрополя около с. Филипповка на юге Оренбургской области. Показано, что в значительной степени определение культурной принадлежности этого памятника зависело от взглядов самих исследователей. В целом они могут быть разделены на эволюционный и дискретный подходы. Проводится сравнение основных характеристик погребального обряда и материальной культуры Филипповского могильника и прохоровской культуры. На основе этого анализа делается заключение о том, что Филипповский могильник относится не к начальной стадии прохоровской (раннесарматской) культуры, а к заключительной стадии савроматской культуры Южного Урала. Материалы свидетельствуют также о том, что в формировании прохоровской культуры элита Филипповки и других подобных памятников не принимала участия. В ее основе лежат традиции среднего и рядового населения предшествующего времени и мигрировавших с юга кочевников.
The study considers the history of cultural attribution of an elite necropolis near the village of Filippovka in the south of the Orenburg region. It is shown that to a large extent the definition of the cultural identity of this site depends on the views of the researchers themselves. In general, there can be an evolutionary and a discrete approach. The main characteristics of the funeral rite and the tangible culture of the Filippovka burial ground and the Prokhorovka culture are compared. Based on this analysis, it is concluded that the Filippovka burial ground does not belong to the initial stage of the Prokhorovka (Early Sarmatian) culture. However, it belongs to the final stage of the Sauromatian culture of the Southern Urals. The materials also indicate that the elite of Filippovka and other similar necropolis was not involved in
forming the Prokhorovka culture. It is based on the traditions of the average and ordinary population of the previous time and nomads who had migrated from the south.
Stratum plus. Archaeology and Cultural Anthropology
The author analyzes sources from the inlet child burial in Mound 1 of the Shatmantamak I burial g... more The author analyzes sources from the inlet child burial in Mound 1 of the Shatmantamak I burial ground. It is located in the northern steppe of the Southern Urals (today’s Miyakinsky District of Bashkortostan, Russia), within Bugulminskaya-Belebeevskaya Upland. It is shown that this burial belongs to the earlier stage of the Early Iron Age (late 9 th—8 th centuries BC). It was the time when a bright and recognizable “nomadic complex” was spreading across the Eurasian steppe from east to west. This one and closely related burials used to be previously regarded as part of the transitional period from the Bronze Age to the Early Iron Age. The early nomadic epoch in the Southern Urals is also marked by finds of Karasuk bronze daggers and knives.
Introduction. Comprehensive and efficient investigations of the earliest peopling of the Southern... more Introduction. Comprehensive and efficient investigations of the earliest peopling of the Southern Urals became possible after the discovery of Mysovaya site in Abzelilovsky District of Bashkortostan (Russia). The Paleolithic materials from this site were considered mixed — Acheulean/Mousterian — or Mousterian proper. In recent years, the Lower and Middle Paleolithic site of Kusimovo-8 has been discovered nearby. This is a scattered workshop site on pebble flint outcrops within the terrace surface of the Bannoe-Sabakty paleolake. Goals. The study attempts an insight into the earliest peopling of the Southern Urals, describes and analyzes the Lower Paleolithic collection. Results. The finds were identified on the basis of technical and typological characteristics and preservation parameters. The collection comprises a total of 121 items, most of the objects made of flint pebbles and only two bifaces made of diabase. Nucleuses with patinated surfaces (19 items) are diverse enough: mainly flat cores of parallel and sub-parallel shearing are available to be quantitatively followed by radial, fan-shaped, and orthogonal cores. The tools are represented by oval and almond-shaped hand axes, cleavers, piked tools, a chopper, biface blanks, and various side-scrapers. The stratigraphy of test pits shows the presence of two cultural horizons: flint chips were found under the Middle Paleolithic cultural layer (grayish-brown loam with dolomite gravel) — 0.5 m lower in yellowish-brown loam. Paleoecological analyses of the pits attest to that yellowish-brown loam deposits can be dated to the Middle Pleistocene. Similar conditions were identified for Lower Paleolithic finds discovered at Mysovaya site. Similarity of both the sites makes it possible to conclude as to comparable ages of these collections and that they may cluster together within one Karyshkino-type industry which unites a majority of Lower Paleolithic sites across the Southern Transurals, all of them to form a specific variant of the Tayacian.
The author analyzes sources from the inlet child burial in Mound 1 of the Shatmantamak I burial g... more The author analyzes sources from the inlet child burial in Mound 1 of the Shatmantamak I burial ground. It is located in the northern steppe of the Southern Urals (today’s Miyakinsky District of Bashkortostan, Russia), within Bugulminskaya-Belebeevskaya Upland. It is shown that this burial belongs to the earlier stage of the Early Iron Age (late 9 th—8 th centuries BC). It was the time when a bright and recognizable “nomadic complex” was spreading across the Eurasian steppe from east to west. This one and closely related burials used to be previously regarded as part of the transitional period from the Bronze Age to the Early Iron Age. The early nomadic epoch in the Southern Urals is also marked by finds of Karasuk bronze daggers and knives.
В 2019 году исполнилось 120 лет со дня рождения одного из основателей археологии Северо-Восточног... more В 2019 году исполнилось 120 лет со дня рождения одного из основателей археологии Северо-Восточного Китая (Манчжурии) – Владимира Васильевича Поносова (1899-1975), родившегося и выросшего в Уфе, но оказавшегося в эмиграции в годы Гражданской войны. В статье приводятся данные по истории семьи Поносовых-Молло, вехи жизни В.В.Поносова и его научая биография. Похоронен В.В.Поносов в Брисбене (Австралия), где он обосновался в начале 1960-х гг. и преподавал в Квинслендском университете.
Представлены материалы трех памятников – поселений Банное-5а (Березки). Теляшево-4 и Саб... more Представлены материалы трех памятников – поселений Банное-5а (Березки). Теляшево-4 и Сабакты-3/5, на которых найдена раннекочевническая керамика (конец V – конец IV вв. до н.э.). Все рассматриваемые памятники расположены в узкой полосе горных степей вдоль восточного склона Южного Урала (совр. Абзелиловский район Республики Башкортостан), на широте г. Магнитогорск. Анализ данных по поселению Банное-5а (Березки), исследовавшегося в 1972–1976 и 2004–2005 гг., показывает, что на его территории зафиксировано три пункта распространения раннекочевнической керамики, два из них, выявленных в раскопе, имеют очень небольшие размеры. Близкая ситуация зафиксирована также и на поселении Теляшево-4. Также показано, что все три рассматриваемых памятника могут быть интерпретированы как кочевнические стоянки. Анализ всей имеющейся информации по территории расселения кочевников Южного Урала в середине I тыс. до н.э. позволяет говорить о том, что стоянки и другие близкие им типы поселенческих памятников имели очень широкое распространение (в настоящее время учтено более 30 объектов). Значительную сложность представляет поиск и фиксация таких памятников, однако только через их изучение можно получить новую информацию по хозяйству, системе расселения и освоению территорий. The paper deals with the materials from three sites, namely the settlement Bannoye-5a (Berezki), Telyashe-vo-4 and Sabakty-3/5. They are discovered with ceramics of the early nomads (late V – late IV century BC). All these sites are situated within a narrow strip of mountain steppes along the eastern slope of the Southern Urals (modern Abzelilovsky district of the Republic of Bashkortostan). It is on the same latitude as Magni-togorsk. The settlement Bannoye-5a (Berezki) was studied in 1972–1976 and 2004–2005. The received mate-rials were analyzed and showed three points of spread early nomadic ceramics. Two of them were revealed by excavations and are rather small in size. Also a similar situation was at Telyashevo-4 settlement. It is shown that all three sites can be interpreted as nomadic campsites. When the author analyzes all the information about the spread area of Southern Ural nomads in the middle of the I millennium BC, the author can conclude that the campsites and other types of settlements close to them were quite common (more than 30 sites are currently recorded). It is particularly complicated to fi nd and register such kind of sites, however, studying them is the only way to learn something new about their household, spread and land development.
Современные решения актуальных проблем евразийской археологии : сб. науч. ст. / отв. ред. А.А. Тишкин. — Барнаул : Изд-во Алт. ун-та, 2023. — Вып. 3. — 362 с., 2023
Рассматривается история культурной атрибуции элитного некрополя около с. Филипповка на юге Оренбу... more Рассматривается история культурной атрибуции элитного некрополя около с. Филипповка на юге Оренбургской области. Показано, что в значительной степени определение культурной принадлежности этого памятника зависело от взглядов самих исследователей. В целом они могут быть разделены на эволюционный и дискретный подходы. Проводится сравнение основных характеристик погребального обряда и материальной культуры Филипповского могильника и прохоровской культуры. На основе этого анализа делается заключение о том, что Филипповский могильник относится не к начальной стадии прохоровской (раннесарматской) культуры, а к заключительной стадии савроматской культуры Южного Урала. Материалы свидетельствуют также о том, что в формировании прохоровской культуры элита Филипповки и других подобных памятников не принимала участия. В ее основе лежат традиции среднего и рядового населения предшествующего времени и мигрировавших с юга кочевников.
The study considers the history of cultural attribution of an elite necropolis near the village of Filippovka in the south of the Orenburg region. It is shown that to a large extent the definition of the cultural identity of this site depends on the views of the researchers themselves. In general, there can be an evolutionary and a discrete approach. The main characteristics of the funeral rite and the tangible culture of the Filippovka burial ground and the Prokhorovka culture are compared. Based on this analysis, it is concluded that the Filippovka burial ground does not belong to the initial stage of the Prokhorovka (Early Sarmatian) culture. However, it belongs to the final stage of the Sauromatian culture of the Southern Urals. The materials also indicate that the elite of Filippovka and other similar necropolis was not involved in
forming the Prokhorovka culture. It is based on the traditions of the average and ordinary population of the previous time and nomads who had migrated from the south.
Stratum plus. Archaeology and Cultural Anthropology
The author analyzes sources from the inlet child burial in Mound 1 of the Shatmantamak I burial g... more The author analyzes sources from the inlet child burial in Mound 1 of the Shatmantamak I burial ground. It is located in the northern steppe of the Southern Urals (today’s Miyakinsky District of Bashkortostan, Russia), within Bugulminskaya-Belebeevskaya Upland. It is shown that this burial belongs to the earlier stage of the Early Iron Age (late 9 th—8 th centuries BC). It was the time when a bright and recognizable “nomadic complex” was spreading across the Eurasian steppe from east to west. This one and closely related burials used to be previously regarded as part of the transitional period from the Bronze Age to the Early Iron Age. The early nomadic epoch in the Southern Urals is also marked by finds of Karasuk bronze daggers and knives.
Издание посвящено комплексной археологической и историко-культурной характеристике юго-западной о... more Издание посвящено комплексной археологической и историко-культурной характеристике юго-западной оконечности горной области Южного Урала с прилегающими предгорьями по верхнему течению рек Белая и Нугуш, входящей в настоящее время в Биосферный резерват ЮНЕСКО «Башкирский Урал» (в т.ч. НП «Башкирия» и ГПЗ «Шульган-Таш»). Структурным ядром этой до сих пор труднодоступной территории является горная долина Белой, которая с глубокой древности была важнейшей магистралью региона. Следствием этому – большое количество и разнообразие археологических памятников самых разных исторических эпох, наиболее ранние из них относятся к нижнему палеолиту. На этом фоне показано культурное и природное своеобразие предгорий и горной долины р. Нугуш.
В книге впервые приводятся данные о практически всех известных на этой территории археологических объектах, а также дан анализ этапов и особенностей освоения человеком гор и предгорий Южного Урала от палеолита до позднего средневековья и начала Нового времени.
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Papers by Nikita Savelev
The paper deals with the materials from three sites, namely the settlement Bannoye-5a (Berezki), Telyashe-vo-4 and Sabakty-3/5. They are discovered with ceramics of the early nomads (late V – late IV century BC). All these sites are situated within a narrow strip of mountain steppes along the eastern slope of the Southern Urals (modern Abzelilovsky district of the Republic of Bashkortostan). It is on the same latitude as Magni-togorsk. The settlement Bannoye-5a (Berezki) was studied in 1972–1976 and 2004–2005. The received mate-rials were analyzed and showed three points of spread early nomadic ceramics. Two of them were revealed by excavations and are rather small in size. Also a similar situation was at Telyashevo-4 settlement. It is shown that all three sites can be interpreted as nomadic campsites. When the author analyzes all the information about the spread area of Southern Ural nomads in the middle of the I millennium BC, the author can conclude that the campsites and other types of settlements close to them were quite common (more than 30 sites are currently recorded). It is particularly complicated to fi nd and register such kind of sites, however, studying them is the only way to learn something new about their household, spread and land development.
The study considers the history of cultural attribution of an elite necropolis near the village of Filippovka in the south of the Orenburg region. It is shown that to a large extent the definition of the cultural identity of this site depends on the views of the researchers themselves. In general, there can be an evolutionary and a discrete approach. The main characteristics of the funeral rite and the tangible culture of the Filippovka burial ground and the Prokhorovka culture are compared. Based on this analysis, it is concluded that the Filippovka burial ground does not belong to the initial stage of the Prokhorovka (Early Sarmatian) culture. However, it belongs to the final stage of the Sauromatian culture of the Southern Urals. The materials also indicate that the elite of Filippovka and other similar necropolis was not involved in
forming the Prokhorovka culture. It is based on the traditions of the average and ordinary population of the previous time and nomads who had migrated from the south.
The paper deals with the materials from three sites, namely the settlement Bannoye-5a (Berezki), Telyashe-vo-4 and Sabakty-3/5. They are discovered with ceramics of the early nomads (late V – late IV century BC). All these sites are situated within a narrow strip of mountain steppes along the eastern slope of the Southern Urals (modern Abzelilovsky district of the Republic of Bashkortostan). It is on the same latitude as Magni-togorsk. The settlement Bannoye-5a (Berezki) was studied in 1972–1976 and 2004–2005. The received mate-rials were analyzed and showed three points of spread early nomadic ceramics. Two of them were revealed by excavations and are rather small in size. Also a similar situation was at Telyashevo-4 settlement. It is shown that all three sites can be interpreted as nomadic campsites. When the author analyzes all the information about the spread area of Southern Ural nomads in the middle of the I millennium BC, the author can conclude that the campsites and other types of settlements close to them were quite common (more than 30 sites are currently recorded). It is particularly complicated to fi nd and register such kind of sites, however, studying them is the only way to learn something new about their household, spread and land development.
The study considers the history of cultural attribution of an elite necropolis near the village of Filippovka in the south of the Orenburg region. It is shown that to a large extent the definition of the cultural identity of this site depends on the views of the researchers themselves. In general, there can be an evolutionary and a discrete approach. The main characteristics of the funeral rite and the tangible culture of the Filippovka burial ground and the Prokhorovka culture are compared. Based on this analysis, it is concluded that the Filippovka burial ground does not belong to the initial stage of the Prokhorovka (Early Sarmatian) culture. However, it belongs to the final stage of the Sauromatian culture of the Southern Urals. The materials also indicate that the elite of Filippovka and other similar necropolis was not involved in
forming the Prokhorovka culture. It is based on the traditions of the average and ordinary population of the previous time and nomads who had migrated from the south.
В книге впервые приводятся данные о практически всех известных на этой территории археологических объектах, а также дан анализ этапов и особенностей освоения человеком гор и предгорий Южного Урала от палеолита до позднего средневековья и начала Нового времени.
Для специалистов и широкого круга читателей.
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