We investigated the effects of ingesting a multi-ingredient (53g carbohydrate, 14.5g whey protein... more We investigated the effects of ingesting a multi-ingredient (53g carbohydrate, 14.5g whey protein, 5g glutamine, 1.5g L-carnitine-L-tartrate) supplement, carbohydrate only, or placebo on intermittent performance, perception of fatigue, immunity, and functional and metabolic markers of recovery. Sixteen amateur soccer players ingested their respective treatments before, during and after performing a 90-min intermittent repeated sprint test. Primary outcomes included time for a 90-min intermittent repeated sprint test (IRS) followed by eleven 15 m sprints. Measurements included creatine kinase, myoglobin, interleukine-6, Neutrophil; Lymphocytes and Monocyte before (pre), immediately after (post), 1h and 24h after exercise testing period. Overall, time for the IRS and 15 m sprints was not different between treatments. However, the perception of fatigue was attenuated (P<0.001) for the multi-ingredient (15.9±1.4) vs. placebo (17.8±1.4) but not for the carbohydrate (17.0±1.9) conditio...
International journal of sports physiology and performance, Jan 6, 2015
To investigate the effects of a sports specific maximal 6-week strength and conditioning program ... more To investigate the effects of a sports specific maximal 6-week strength and conditioning program on Critical Velocity (CV), anaerobic running distance (ARD) and 5-km time trial performance (TT). 16 moderately trained, recreational endurance runners were tested for CV, ARD and TT performances on three separate occasions (baseline, mid and post study). Participants were randomly allocated into a strength and conditioning group (S&C; n=8) and a comparison, endurance training only group (EO; n=8). During the first phase of the study (6 weeks), the S&C group performed a concurrent maximal strength and endurance training, whilst the EO group performed an endurance only training. After the re-test of all variables (mid study) both groups subsequently, during phase two, performed another 6 weeks of endurance only training which was followed by post study tests. No significant change for CV was identified in either groups. The S&C group demonstrated a significant decrease for ARD values afte...
Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 2015
This study examined the effect of three post activation potentiation protocols, differentiated by... more This study examined the effect of three post activation potentiation protocols, differentiated by volume and with controlled intensity, on the recovery time required to observe enhanced jumping performance in recreationally trained college athletes. Following a randomized controlled order, eleven participants, 7 males and 4 females [25.4± 2.1 years (SD), height 176.2±7.7 cm, body mass 77.6 ±7.7 kg], performed a countermovement jump (CMJ) at baseline and at 15 s, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8 and 12 min after the three treatment conditions: low volume (LV, parallel squat with 80%, 1 rep) moderate volume (MV, parallel squat with 80%, 1 set of 3 reps) and high volume (HV, parallel squat with 80%, 3 sets of 3 reps). Significantly lower CMJ heights were measured at 3 and 5 min from LV to HV (p=0.048) and MV (p=0.005) conditions, respectively. No significant differences were determined when comparing the 8 tested time points within each of the assessed volume protocols. However, effect size analysis indicated higher CMJ performances displayed from 1 to 8 min with respect to both baseline and 15 sec performance for MV (d 0.91 to 3.18) and HV (d=0.79) conditions. In conclusion, moderate and high volume protocols seem to be more effective to elicit potentiation compared with the low volume. However, no relationship between the volume of conditioning activity and the optimal time point to obtain the maximum potentiation effect was determined. Strength and conditioning professionals are advised to analyze individual PAP responses in terms of the optimal recovery time with regard to different conditioning activity configurations.
Journal of strength and conditioning research / National Strength & Conditioning Association, 2014
This study examined the acute effects of different parallel squat postactivation potentiation pro... more This study examined the acute effects of different parallel squat postactivation potentiation protocols with and without whole body vibration on jumping performance in college athletes. Fifteen men (20.3 ± 1.3 years, 179.50 ± 5.3 cm, 81.0 ± 10.8 kg) performed 3 repetitions of a countermovement jump (CMJ) and best drop jump after 3 conditions: (a) parallel squat with 80% 1 repetition maximum without vibration (NV-PS), (b) parallel squat with 80% 1 repetition maximum on a whole body vibration platform (WBV-PS) (1.963-mm amplitude and 40 Hz), and (c) control (C). Each condition was performed under both low-volume (LV) (1 set of 3 repetitions) and high-volume (HV) (3 sets of 3 repetitions) protocols that were followed by both 1- and 4-minute rest periods. Significant improvements were observed for the CMJ height (p = 0.005) after 4 minutes of recovery and the LV protocol (p = 0.015) regardless of the condition. Additionally, for the WBV-PS condition, a significantly lower drop jump heig...
EuropeActive’s Foundations for Exercise Professionals provides core knowledge and industry standa... more EuropeActive’s Foundations for Exercise Professionals provides core knowledge and industry standards to help exercise professionals serve their clients. Endorsed by EuropeActive, the continent’s leading standard-setting organisation in fitness and health, this text is an authoritative guide for current and future exercise professionals and training providers in Europe. The book uses scientific foundations to cover concepts and hands-on skills that promote best practices in exercise instruction and training. The content applies to all levels of the European Qualifications Framework (EQF) and associated job titles—the only resource to do so—and matches the core information for EQF levels 3 and 4. Thus, this instructional guide ensures smooth movement and work transfers among employers, educational institutions and countries in Europe. Written by renowned experts in exercise and sport sciences and framed in the European Register of Exercise Professionals’ Code of Ethical Practice for e...
The effects of a 4-week lower body injury prevention program on knee muscle torque-angle relation... more The effects of a 4-week lower body injury prevention program on knee muscle torque-angle relationship were examined in soccer players. Twenty men were randomly allocated to either a control (n = 10) or training group (n = 10). The training group underwent three training sessions per week, comprising 3 sets of 8 repetitions of one open-chain exercise (Nordic curl) and two closed-chain exercises-forward lunges on a Bosu balance trainer and eccentric single leg dead lifts. Maximal peak knee flexion torque was measured at 35°, 45°, 60°, 80°, 90°, and 100° pre- and post-intervention. Significant improvements were observed only at 80° (p = .001; d = .94) along with a nonsignificant trend at 35° (p = .081; d = .43). As these modifications might protect athletes against muscle and joint injuries, the use of both stable-open and unstable-closed kinetic chain exercises emphasizing eccentric hamstring and knee stabilization actions should be integrated into injury prevention programs in team sports athletes.
Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquée, nutrition et métabolisme, 2014
Carbohydrate-protein-based multi-ingredient supplements have been proposed as an effective strate... more Carbohydrate-protein-based multi-ingredient supplements have been proposed as an effective strategy for limiting the deleterious effects of exercise-induced muscle damage. This study compares the effects of a commercially available carbohydrate-protein supplement enriched with l-glutamine and l-carnitine-l-tartrate to carbohydrate alone or placebo on sprint performance, muscle damage markers, and recovery from intermittent exercise. On 3 occasions, 10 recreationally trained males ingested a multi-ingredient, a carbohydrate supplement, or a placebo before, during, and immediately after a 90-min intermittent repeated sprint test. Fifteen-metre sprint times, creatine kinase, myoglobin, and interleukin-6 were assessed before (pre), immediately after (post), 1 h after (1h), and 24 h after (24h) exercise. Total sprint time measured during the intermittent protocol was not different between conditions. Fifteen-metre sprint time was slower (p < 0.05) at post, 1h and 24h compared with pre...
We investigated the effects of ingesting a multi-ingredient (53g carbohydrate, 14.5g whey protein... more We investigated the effects of ingesting a multi-ingredient (53g carbohydrate, 14.5g whey protein, 5g glutamine, 1.5g L-carnitine-L-tartrate) supplement, carbohydrate only, or placebo on intermittent performance, perception of fatigue, immunity, and functional and metabolic markers of recovery. Sixteen amateur soccer players ingested their respective treatments before, during and after performing a 90-min intermittent repeated sprint test. Primary outcomes included time for a 90-min intermittent repeated sprint test (IRS) followed by eleven 15 m sprints. Measurements included creatine kinase, myoglobin, interleukine-6, Neutrophil; Lymphocytes and Monocyte before (pre), immediately after (post), 1h and 24h after exercise testing period. Overall, time for the IRS and 15 m sprints was not different between treatments. However, the perception of fatigue was attenuated (P<0.001) for the multi-ingredient (15.9±1.4) vs. placebo (17.8±1.4) but not for the carbohydrate (17.0±1.9) conditio...
International journal of sports physiology and performance, Jan 6, 2015
To investigate the effects of a sports specific maximal 6-week strength and conditioning program ... more To investigate the effects of a sports specific maximal 6-week strength and conditioning program on Critical Velocity (CV), anaerobic running distance (ARD) and 5-km time trial performance (TT). 16 moderately trained, recreational endurance runners were tested for CV, ARD and TT performances on three separate occasions (baseline, mid and post study). Participants were randomly allocated into a strength and conditioning group (S&C; n=8) and a comparison, endurance training only group (EO; n=8). During the first phase of the study (6 weeks), the S&C group performed a concurrent maximal strength and endurance training, whilst the EO group performed an endurance only training. After the re-test of all variables (mid study) both groups subsequently, during phase two, performed another 6 weeks of endurance only training which was followed by post study tests. No significant change for CV was identified in either groups. The S&C group demonstrated a significant decrease for ARD values afte...
Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 2015
This study examined the effect of three post activation potentiation protocols, differentiated by... more This study examined the effect of three post activation potentiation protocols, differentiated by volume and with controlled intensity, on the recovery time required to observe enhanced jumping performance in recreationally trained college athletes. Following a randomized controlled order, eleven participants, 7 males and 4 females [25.4± 2.1 years (SD), height 176.2±7.7 cm, body mass 77.6 ±7.7 kg], performed a countermovement jump (CMJ) at baseline and at 15 s, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8 and 12 min after the three treatment conditions: low volume (LV, parallel squat with 80%, 1 rep) moderate volume (MV, parallel squat with 80%, 1 set of 3 reps) and high volume (HV, parallel squat with 80%, 3 sets of 3 reps). Significantly lower CMJ heights were measured at 3 and 5 min from LV to HV (p=0.048) and MV (p=0.005) conditions, respectively. No significant differences were determined when comparing the 8 tested time points within each of the assessed volume protocols. However, effect size analysis indicated higher CMJ performances displayed from 1 to 8 min with respect to both baseline and 15 sec performance for MV (d 0.91 to 3.18) and HV (d=0.79) conditions. In conclusion, moderate and high volume protocols seem to be more effective to elicit potentiation compared with the low volume. However, no relationship between the volume of conditioning activity and the optimal time point to obtain the maximum potentiation effect was determined. Strength and conditioning professionals are advised to analyze individual PAP responses in terms of the optimal recovery time with regard to different conditioning activity configurations.
Journal of strength and conditioning research / National Strength & Conditioning Association, 2014
This study examined the acute effects of different parallel squat postactivation potentiation pro... more This study examined the acute effects of different parallel squat postactivation potentiation protocols with and without whole body vibration on jumping performance in college athletes. Fifteen men (20.3 ± 1.3 years, 179.50 ± 5.3 cm, 81.0 ± 10.8 kg) performed 3 repetitions of a countermovement jump (CMJ) and best drop jump after 3 conditions: (a) parallel squat with 80% 1 repetition maximum without vibration (NV-PS), (b) parallel squat with 80% 1 repetition maximum on a whole body vibration platform (WBV-PS) (1.963-mm amplitude and 40 Hz), and (c) control (C). Each condition was performed under both low-volume (LV) (1 set of 3 repetitions) and high-volume (HV) (3 sets of 3 repetitions) protocols that were followed by both 1- and 4-minute rest periods. Significant improvements were observed for the CMJ height (p = 0.005) after 4 minutes of recovery and the LV protocol (p = 0.015) regardless of the condition. Additionally, for the WBV-PS condition, a significantly lower drop jump heig...
EuropeActive’s Foundations for Exercise Professionals provides core knowledge and industry standa... more EuropeActive’s Foundations for Exercise Professionals provides core knowledge and industry standards to help exercise professionals serve their clients. Endorsed by EuropeActive, the continent’s leading standard-setting organisation in fitness and health, this text is an authoritative guide for current and future exercise professionals and training providers in Europe. The book uses scientific foundations to cover concepts and hands-on skills that promote best practices in exercise instruction and training. The content applies to all levels of the European Qualifications Framework (EQF) and associated job titles—the only resource to do so—and matches the core information for EQF levels 3 and 4. Thus, this instructional guide ensures smooth movement and work transfers among employers, educational institutions and countries in Europe. Written by renowned experts in exercise and sport sciences and framed in the European Register of Exercise Professionals’ Code of Ethical Practice for e...
The effects of a 4-week lower body injury prevention program on knee muscle torque-angle relation... more The effects of a 4-week lower body injury prevention program on knee muscle torque-angle relationship were examined in soccer players. Twenty men were randomly allocated to either a control (n = 10) or training group (n = 10). The training group underwent three training sessions per week, comprising 3 sets of 8 repetitions of one open-chain exercise (Nordic curl) and two closed-chain exercises-forward lunges on a Bosu balance trainer and eccentric single leg dead lifts. Maximal peak knee flexion torque was measured at 35°, 45°, 60°, 80°, 90°, and 100° pre- and post-intervention. Significant improvements were observed only at 80° (p = .001; d = .94) along with a nonsignificant trend at 35° (p = .081; d = .43). As these modifications might protect athletes against muscle and joint injuries, the use of both stable-open and unstable-closed kinetic chain exercises emphasizing eccentric hamstring and knee stabilization actions should be integrated into injury prevention programs in team sports athletes.
Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquée, nutrition et métabolisme, 2014
Carbohydrate-protein-based multi-ingredient supplements have been proposed as an effective strate... more Carbohydrate-protein-based multi-ingredient supplements have been proposed as an effective strategy for limiting the deleterious effects of exercise-induced muscle damage. This study compares the effects of a commercially available carbohydrate-protein supplement enriched with l-glutamine and l-carnitine-l-tartrate to carbohydrate alone or placebo on sprint performance, muscle damage markers, and recovery from intermittent exercise. On 3 occasions, 10 recreationally trained males ingested a multi-ingredient, a carbohydrate supplement, or a placebo before, during, and immediately after a 90-min intermittent repeated sprint test. Fifteen-metre sprint times, creatine kinase, myoglobin, and interleukin-6 were assessed before (pre), immediately after (post), 1 h after (1h), and 24 h after (24h) exercise. Total sprint time measured during the intermittent protocol was not different between conditions. Fifteen-metre sprint time was slower (p < 0.05) at post, 1h and 24h compared with pre...
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