This article provides an insight to the sociological explanations of suicide and related behaviou... more This article provides an insight to the sociological explanations of suicide and related behaviours. There are three predominant sociological perspectives e.g. functionalism (also known as structural functionalism), conflict perspective and symbolic interactionism. Each of the mentioned perspective examines and explains society from its unique point of view. Suicide being a social phenomenon can be examined and explained through sociological perspectives. For this purpose, literature has been studied and cited where a short introduction to sociological perspectives have been given along with a brief discussion over explanation of suicide with reference to each sociological perspective. The citations and discussion reveals that each of the sociological perspectives explains suicide successfully, for instance, structural functionalism asserts that various social structures are responsible for suicide; conflict perspective asserts that inequalities and tensions leads to suicide while s...
Migration is a constant phenomenon in human evolution and had played a vital role in human affair... more Migration is a constant phenomenon in human evolution and had played a vital role in human affairs throughout the ages while the modern world that observe the 'age of migration' has no exception. Increasing international migratory flow during the last four decades have been the most visible manifestations of the globalization process accompanied by designation of the normative and institutional framework for global governance. This paper examines the relationship between migration and remittances sent by migrants with the educational outcome of left behind children. In this regard, the study has been carried out at Union Council Level in District Dir Lower Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. The primary data has obtained from a sample of 99 migrants' families through interview schedule utilizing purposive sampling technique. The collected information has classified and analyzed through computer-based program (SPSS) and the given hypotheses have tested through chi-squire test. T...
Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology
The present study aims to investigate the origin, type, thermal maturity and hydrocarbon generati... more The present study aims to investigate the origin, type, thermal maturity and hydrocarbon generation potential of organic matter and paleo-depositional environment of the Early Paleocene (Danian) Hangu Formation outcropped in the Kala-Chitta Range of Northwest Pakistan, Eastern Tethys. Organic-rich shale and coal intervals were utilized for geochemical analyses including TOC (total organic carbon) and Rock–Eval pyrolysis coupled with carbon (δ13Corg) and nitrogen (δ15Norg) stable isotopes. The organic geochemical results showed that the kerogen Type II (oil/gas prone) and Type III (gas prone) dominate the investigated rock units. The TOC (wt%) and S2 yield indicate that the rock unit quantifies sufficient organic matter (OM) to act as potential source rock. However, the thermal maturity Tmax°C marks the over maturation of the OM, which may be possibly linked with the effect attained from nearby tectonically active Himalayan Foreland Fold-and-Thrust Belt system and associated metamorp...
International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being
ABSTRACT Purpose Our present study was a qualitative investigation intending to explore the emoti... more ABSTRACT Purpose Our present study was a qualitative investigation intending to explore the emotional journey of wives whose spouse has been diagnosed with Bipolar I Disorder, using a phenomenological design. Method Semi-structured face to face interviews were conducted with 5 wives of already diagnosed Bipolar I Disorder patients to uncover their lived experience in terms of the emotional journey they had had. For data analysis, we used Hycner’s explicitation process. Moreover, for data verification we employed the strategies of frequent debriefing sessions peer review and member checks. Results Our analysis revealed six major themes encapsulating the participants emotional journey. These included Shock, Betrayal and the Incomprehensible, Apprehensions and Uncertainty, Anger and Irritability, Loneliness and Helplessness, Compassion and Acceptance and Reconciliation. Conclusion It became clear to us that wives of individuals diagnosed with Bipolar I Disorder are on a continuous emotional journey dealing with the burden, stress, complications, uncertainty and making many sacrifices along the way. Our study highlighted many culture specific factors of the phenomenon. This insightful exploration has opened up new horizons to conceptualize the challenges of wives dealing with an ailing spouse in the context of a Pakistani society.
Introduction: Suicide and related issues are one of the under studied social problems in Pakistan... more Introduction: Suicide and related issues are one of the under studied social problems in Pakistan (see Daily Times, 2015) despite the fact that it prevails and is on increase with the passage of time in Pakistan (Ebrahim, 2013). Gender is an eminent aspect in relevance to suicide and related behaviors (Samaritans, 2012). This study is an effort to investigate into suicide and related issues with specific reference to gender. Study Area: the current study investigates into suicide and related issues with specific reference to gender in District Dir Lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwah, Pakistan. Methodology: this study is cross-sectional and has been framed under qualitative research design. Sampling for the study has been done purposively whereby 35 individuals were sampled with the history of attempting a suicide. Besides, information from area hospitals has been collected regarding suicide and related cases in order to identify the rate of attempting a suicide among men and women. The sampl...
This study was conducted in Brassica juncea L. for the determination of good combiners for qualit... more This study was conducted in Brassica juncea L. for the determination of good combiners for quality associated traits using 8 x 8 diallel during 2004 - 2005 and 2005 - 2006. Analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences (p 0.01) for all the studied traits. Components of combining ability analysis showed that general combining ability (GCA) was highly significant (p 0.01) for oil percentage (%) and glucosinolates (iMolg-1) whereas the rest were non-significant. Specific combining ability (SCA) effects were highly significant for all traits except for oleic acids. Reciprocal combining ability (RCA) effects were highly significant (p 0.01) for all traits except for oleic acid which was significant at (p 0.05). The SCA effects were higher than RCA for oil %. The GCA effects were of greater magnitude than the SCA effects for glucosinolate, erucic acid and protein content. The parental genotypes NUM009, NUM123, NUM105 and NUM117 and their hybrids NUM009x NUM123, NUM10...
Staphylococcus epidermidis causes some of the most hard-to-treat clinical infections by forming b... more Staphylococcus epidermidis causes some of the most hard-to-treat clinical infections by forming biofilms: Multicellular communities of bacteria encased in a protective matrix, supporting immune evasion and tolerance against antibiotics. Biofilms occur most commonly on medical implants, and a key event in implant colonization is the robust adherence to the surface, facilitated by interactions between bacterial surface proteins and host matrix components. S. epidermidis is equipped with a giant adhesive protein, Embp, which facilitates bacterial interactions with surface-deposited, but not soluble fibronectin. The structural basis behind this selective binding process has remained obscure. Using a suite of single-cell and single-molecule analysis techniques, we show that S. epidermidis is capable of such distinction because Embp binds specifically to fibrillated fibronectin on surfaces, while ignoring globular fibronectin in solution. S. epidermidis adherence is critically dependent o...
This article provides an insight to the sociological explanations of suicide and related behaviou... more This article provides an insight to the sociological explanations of suicide and related behaviours. There are three pre-dominant sociological perspectives e.g. functionalism (also known as structural functionalism), conflict perspective and symbolic interactionism. Each of the mentioned perspective examines and explains society from its unique point of view. Suicide being a social phenomenon can be examined and explained through sociological perspectives. For this purpose, literature has been studied and cited where a short introduction to sociological perspectives have been given along with a brief discussion over explanation of suicide with reference to each sociological perspective. The citations and discussion reveals that each of the sociological perspectives explains suicide successfully, for instance, structural functionalism asserts that various social structures are responsible for suicide; conflict perspective asserts that inequalities and tensions leads to suicide while ...
The current study is an analysis of policing and problems related to policing in Pakistan. This s... more The current study is an analysis of policing and problems related to policing in Pakistan. This study has been framed under qualitative research design specifically based on content analysis approach. Various studies, news paper reports and article have been analyzed to know about the structure of policing in Pakistan and problems existing in it. The content analysis reveals that numerous problems exist in structure of policing and its functioning including insufficient numbers and scant resources, institutional disconnect, political challenges, lack of modernization and corruption, ineffective strategy, the Thana culture, inadequate training and investigation facilities and reforms based on interests of those whole rule.
Background: Developing and poor states have relatively poor standard of health care systems. Rura... more Background: Developing and poor states have relatively poor standard of health care systems. Rural areas are affected in particular while maternal health is specifically ignored. This study aims to make a descriptive profile of the maternal health in Chitral, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan which is geographically isolated and extremely rural area of Pakistan. Study Design: Cross-sectional and quantitative. Methodology: The population was identified through a household survey. Sample size was determined through creative online survey system. An interview schedule was prepared to collect the information while SPSS was used to analyze the collected information. Findings: The status of maternal health in Chitral is very poor by modern standards. Geographic and infrastructural barriers are important reasons. The conditions of roads is poor and are not appropriate for women to travel during pregnancy. Distances from hospitals are long; thereby, many families prefer to use traditional Dai sy...
Background: Leishmaniasis is a group of globally widespread parasitic diseases caused by differen... more Background: Leishmaniasis is a group of globally widespread parasitic diseases caused by different species of Leishmania, which infect a wide variety of mammals. Leishmania major and Leishmania tropica are two common causes of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Pakistan. Material and Methods: The current study was conducted to check the prevalence of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis and to identify the leishmania parasites by using Microscopy and PCR in endemic areas of Surgul village of district Kohat. A total of 60 samples were collected from suspected Cutaneous Leishmaniasis patients with different age groups including both 25 male and 35 female patients. Results: Overall microscopic results showed 70% Prevalence in examined patient in which 76 % of the male patients and 65.71% of female patients were found with Cutaneous Leishmaniasis while these results further confirmed by PCR using RV1/RV2 primers for the extracted DNA. PCR results showed 80% in male while 71.43% in female. In age up to 15 ye...
This study describes the various causes and consequences of workplace violence in health sector. ... more This study describes the various causes and consequences of workplace violence in health sector. Framed under descriptive quantitative research design, this study has been conducted in Chitral, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Probability (simple random sampling) has been used while Uma Sekaran table of sample has been used to determine the sample size whereby 68 samples was questioned through a structured questionnaire designed in relevance to the objectives of this study. Data has been analyzed in shape of tables including frequency and percentages while discussion has been done in order to extract findings. Findings show that there are numerous causes of violence against health care workers including individual, societal and management related as well as psychological impacts on health care workers.
6 Abstract: Peer and friends are important aspect of socialization process and their influence an... more 6 Abstract: Peer and friends are important aspect of socialization process and their influence and pressure has also received wide acknowledgement in shaping and molding the course of an individual life. The current discourse is based on content analysis as well as field information which explores the nature, level and extent of peer and friends influence in career decision making process of an individual. The data has been collected through library method i.e. searching relevant books, journals, articles, news papers and even internet sources while field information has been obtained through questionnaire from 100 students using random sampling method. All the collected information have critically analyzed, debated and explained to produce theory for generalization while the field information has been analyzed in the form of frequencies and percentages through chi-square test. The analysis and discussion thus give rise to an argument that although family i.e. parents and other fami...
Background: Pneumonia is a serious illness and one of the main causes of mortality and morbidity.... more Background: Pneumonia is a serious illness and one of the main causes of mortality and morbidity. Knowledge of etiological agents causing pneumonia is necessary for selection of antibiotics therapy. The aim of this study was to determine the diverse bacterial contribution causing pneumonia in Dir, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Methods: In the undertaken study sputum samples of 159 patients with a clinical presentation suggestive of pneumonia were analyzed for detection of the typical and atypical bacterial pathogens using conventional microscopy, culturing and multiplex PCR. Results: Among 159 patients, mostly were male (56.6%) outpatients with age between 41 to 60 years (29.6%). Typical bacterial pathogens were detected in 102 (64.2%) patients from sputum culturing whereas atypical bacterial pathogens were detected in 6 (2.8%) patients using multiplex PCR. S. pneumoniae, H. influenza and Gram-negative enteric bacteria (GNEB) most frequently caused typical pneumonia among male and f...
Punica granatum L. (wild) belongs to family Punicaceae, a woody plant, predominantly found on cal... more Punica granatum L. (wild) belongs to family Punicaceae, a woody plant, predominantly found on calcareous and alkaline soils. The species is extensively utilized as food and firewood and for the extraction of various chemicals due to its therapeutic properties. To understand the ethno-botanical and ecological status of the species on a regional scale, a questionnaire survey was conducted in the Dir (L) area using close and open-ended questionnaires. Data collected from 124 respondents were analysed quantitatively using statistical analysis to calculate indices like Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC), Use value (UV) and multivariate analysis. GPS data used for the presence data of the plants were used to develop GIS thematic maps. Geo-referenced data on P. granatum was collected from the study area, using GPS. Results suggest that the plant is mostly used as a remedy for dry cough, as an astringent, people used powder form of fruit peelings. It was documented in the present investig...
Graphical Listeria monocytogenes activates the two-component system LisRK under stress, and becom... more Graphical Listeria monocytogenes activates the two-component system LisRK under stress, and becomes more adhesive and highly tolerant to ampicillin.
This article provides an insight to the sociological explanations of suicide and related behaviou... more This article provides an insight to the sociological explanations of suicide and related behaviours. There are three predominant sociological perspectives e.g. functionalism (also known as structural functionalism), conflict perspective and symbolic interactionism. Each of the mentioned perspective examines and explains society from its unique point of view. Suicide being a social phenomenon can be examined and explained through sociological perspectives. For this purpose, literature has been studied and cited where a short introduction to sociological perspectives have been given along with a brief discussion over explanation of suicide with reference to each sociological perspective. The citations and discussion reveals that each of the sociological perspectives explains suicide successfully, for instance, structural functionalism asserts that various social structures are responsible for suicide; conflict perspective asserts that inequalities and tensions leads to suicide while s...
Migration is a constant phenomenon in human evolution and had played a vital role in human affair... more Migration is a constant phenomenon in human evolution and had played a vital role in human affairs throughout the ages while the modern world that observe the 'age of migration' has no exception. Increasing international migratory flow during the last four decades have been the most visible manifestations of the globalization process accompanied by designation of the normative and institutional framework for global governance. This paper examines the relationship between migration and remittances sent by migrants with the educational outcome of left behind children. In this regard, the study has been carried out at Union Council Level in District Dir Lower Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. The primary data has obtained from a sample of 99 migrants' families through interview schedule utilizing purposive sampling technique. The collected information has classified and analyzed through computer-based program (SPSS) and the given hypotheses have tested through chi-squire test. T...
Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology
The present study aims to investigate the origin, type, thermal maturity and hydrocarbon generati... more The present study aims to investigate the origin, type, thermal maturity and hydrocarbon generation potential of organic matter and paleo-depositional environment of the Early Paleocene (Danian) Hangu Formation outcropped in the Kala-Chitta Range of Northwest Pakistan, Eastern Tethys. Organic-rich shale and coal intervals were utilized for geochemical analyses including TOC (total organic carbon) and Rock–Eval pyrolysis coupled with carbon (δ13Corg) and nitrogen (δ15Norg) stable isotopes. The organic geochemical results showed that the kerogen Type II (oil/gas prone) and Type III (gas prone) dominate the investigated rock units. The TOC (wt%) and S2 yield indicate that the rock unit quantifies sufficient organic matter (OM) to act as potential source rock. However, the thermal maturity Tmax°C marks the over maturation of the OM, which may be possibly linked with the effect attained from nearby tectonically active Himalayan Foreland Fold-and-Thrust Belt system and associated metamorp...
International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being
ABSTRACT Purpose Our present study was a qualitative investigation intending to explore the emoti... more ABSTRACT Purpose Our present study was a qualitative investigation intending to explore the emotional journey of wives whose spouse has been diagnosed with Bipolar I Disorder, using a phenomenological design. Method Semi-structured face to face interviews were conducted with 5 wives of already diagnosed Bipolar I Disorder patients to uncover their lived experience in terms of the emotional journey they had had. For data analysis, we used Hycner’s explicitation process. Moreover, for data verification we employed the strategies of frequent debriefing sessions peer review and member checks. Results Our analysis revealed six major themes encapsulating the participants emotional journey. These included Shock, Betrayal and the Incomprehensible, Apprehensions and Uncertainty, Anger and Irritability, Loneliness and Helplessness, Compassion and Acceptance and Reconciliation. Conclusion It became clear to us that wives of individuals diagnosed with Bipolar I Disorder are on a continuous emotional journey dealing with the burden, stress, complications, uncertainty and making many sacrifices along the way. Our study highlighted many culture specific factors of the phenomenon. This insightful exploration has opened up new horizons to conceptualize the challenges of wives dealing with an ailing spouse in the context of a Pakistani society.
Introduction: Suicide and related issues are one of the under studied social problems in Pakistan... more Introduction: Suicide and related issues are one of the under studied social problems in Pakistan (see Daily Times, 2015) despite the fact that it prevails and is on increase with the passage of time in Pakistan (Ebrahim, 2013). Gender is an eminent aspect in relevance to suicide and related behaviors (Samaritans, 2012). This study is an effort to investigate into suicide and related issues with specific reference to gender. Study Area: the current study investigates into suicide and related issues with specific reference to gender in District Dir Lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwah, Pakistan. Methodology: this study is cross-sectional and has been framed under qualitative research design. Sampling for the study has been done purposively whereby 35 individuals were sampled with the history of attempting a suicide. Besides, information from area hospitals has been collected regarding suicide and related cases in order to identify the rate of attempting a suicide among men and women. The sampl...
This study was conducted in Brassica juncea L. for the determination of good combiners for qualit... more This study was conducted in Brassica juncea L. for the determination of good combiners for quality associated traits using 8 x 8 diallel during 2004 - 2005 and 2005 - 2006. Analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences (p 0.01) for all the studied traits. Components of combining ability analysis showed that general combining ability (GCA) was highly significant (p 0.01) for oil percentage (%) and glucosinolates (iMolg-1) whereas the rest were non-significant. Specific combining ability (SCA) effects were highly significant for all traits except for oleic acids. Reciprocal combining ability (RCA) effects were highly significant (p 0.01) for all traits except for oleic acid which was significant at (p 0.05). The SCA effects were higher than RCA for oil %. The GCA effects were of greater magnitude than the SCA effects for glucosinolate, erucic acid and protein content. The parental genotypes NUM009, NUM123, NUM105 and NUM117 and their hybrids NUM009x NUM123, NUM10...
Staphylococcus epidermidis causes some of the most hard-to-treat clinical infections by forming b... more Staphylococcus epidermidis causes some of the most hard-to-treat clinical infections by forming biofilms: Multicellular communities of bacteria encased in a protective matrix, supporting immune evasion and tolerance against antibiotics. Biofilms occur most commonly on medical implants, and a key event in implant colonization is the robust adherence to the surface, facilitated by interactions between bacterial surface proteins and host matrix components. S. epidermidis is equipped with a giant adhesive protein, Embp, which facilitates bacterial interactions with surface-deposited, but not soluble fibronectin. The structural basis behind this selective binding process has remained obscure. Using a suite of single-cell and single-molecule analysis techniques, we show that S. epidermidis is capable of such distinction because Embp binds specifically to fibrillated fibronectin on surfaces, while ignoring globular fibronectin in solution. S. epidermidis adherence is critically dependent o...
This article provides an insight to the sociological explanations of suicide and related behaviou... more This article provides an insight to the sociological explanations of suicide and related behaviours. There are three pre-dominant sociological perspectives e.g. functionalism (also known as structural functionalism), conflict perspective and symbolic interactionism. Each of the mentioned perspective examines and explains society from its unique point of view. Suicide being a social phenomenon can be examined and explained through sociological perspectives. For this purpose, literature has been studied and cited where a short introduction to sociological perspectives have been given along with a brief discussion over explanation of suicide with reference to each sociological perspective. The citations and discussion reveals that each of the sociological perspectives explains suicide successfully, for instance, structural functionalism asserts that various social structures are responsible for suicide; conflict perspective asserts that inequalities and tensions leads to suicide while ...
The current study is an analysis of policing and problems related to policing in Pakistan. This s... more The current study is an analysis of policing and problems related to policing in Pakistan. This study has been framed under qualitative research design specifically based on content analysis approach. Various studies, news paper reports and article have been analyzed to know about the structure of policing in Pakistan and problems existing in it. The content analysis reveals that numerous problems exist in structure of policing and its functioning including insufficient numbers and scant resources, institutional disconnect, political challenges, lack of modernization and corruption, ineffective strategy, the Thana culture, inadequate training and investigation facilities and reforms based on interests of those whole rule.
Background: Developing and poor states have relatively poor standard of health care systems. Rura... more Background: Developing and poor states have relatively poor standard of health care systems. Rural areas are affected in particular while maternal health is specifically ignored. This study aims to make a descriptive profile of the maternal health in Chitral, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan which is geographically isolated and extremely rural area of Pakistan. Study Design: Cross-sectional and quantitative. Methodology: The population was identified through a household survey. Sample size was determined through creative online survey system. An interview schedule was prepared to collect the information while SPSS was used to analyze the collected information. Findings: The status of maternal health in Chitral is very poor by modern standards. Geographic and infrastructural barriers are important reasons. The conditions of roads is poor and are not appropriate for women to travel during pregnancy. Distances from hospitals are long; thereby, many families prefer to use traditional Dai sy...
Background: Leishmaniasis is a group of globally widespread parasitic diseases caused by differen... more Background: Leishmaniasis is a group of globally widespread parasitic diseases caused by different species of Leishmania, which infect a wide variety of mammals. Leishmania major and Leishmania tropica are two common causes of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Pakistan. Material and Methods: The current study was conducted to check the prevalence of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis and to identify the leishmania parasites by using Microscopy and PCR in endemic areas of Surgul village of district Kohat. A total of 60 samples were collected from suspected Cutaneous Leishmaniasis patients with different age groups including both 25 male and 35 female patients. Results: Overall microscopic results showed 70% Prevalence in examined patient in which 76 % of the male patients and 65.71% of female patients were found with Cutaneous Leishmaniasis while these results further confirmed by PCR using RV1/RV2 primers for the extracted DNA. PCR results showed 80% in male while 71.43% in female. In age up to 15 ye...
This study describes the various causes and consequences of workplace violence in health sector. ... more This study describes the various causes and consequences of workplace violence in health sector. Framed under descriptive quantitative research design, this study has been conducted in Chitral, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Probability (simple random sampling) has been used while Uma Sekaran table of sample has been used to determine the sample size whereby 68 samples was questioned through a structured questionnaire designed in relevance to the objectives of this study. Data has been analyzed in shape of tables including frequency and percentages while discussion has been done in order to extract findings. Findings show that there are numerous causes of violence against health care workers including individual, societal and management related as well as psychological impacts on health care workers.
6 Abstract: Peer and friends are important aspect of socialization process and their influence an... more 6 Abstract: Peer and friends are important aspect of socialization process and their influence and pressure has also received wide acknowledgement in shaping and molding the course of an individual life. The current discourse is based on content analysis as well as field information which explores the nature, level and extent of peer and friends influence in career decision making process of an individual. The data has been collected through library method i.e. searching relevant books, journals, articles, news papers and even internet sources while field information has been obtained through questionnaire from 100 students using random sampling method. All the collected information have critically analyzed, debated and explained to produce theory for generalization while the field information has been analyzed in the form of frequencies and percentages through chi-square test. The analysis and discussion thus give rise to an argument that although family i.e. parents and other fami...
Background: Pneumonia is a serious illness and one of the main causes of mortality and morbidity.... more Background: Pneumonia is a serious illness and one of the main causes of mortality and morbidity. Knowledge of etiological agents causing pneumonia is necessary for selection of antibiotics therapy. The aim of this study was to determine the diverse bacterial contribution causing pneumonia in Dir, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Methods: In the undertaken study sputum samples of 159 patients with a clinical presentation suggestive of pneumonia were analyzed for detection of the typical and atypical bacterial pathogens using conventional microscopy, culturing and multiplex PCR. Results: Among 159 patients, mostly were male (56.6%) outpatients with age between 41 to 60 years (29.6%). Typical bacterial pathogens were detected in 102 (64.2%) patients from sputum culturing whereas atypical bacterial pathogens were detected in 6 (2.8%) patients using multiplex PCR. S. pneumoniae, H. influenza and Gram-negative enteric bacteria (GNEB) most frequently caused typical pneumonia among male and f...
Punica granatum L. (wild) belongs to family Punicaceae, a woody plant, predominantly found on cal... more Punica granatum L. (wild) belongs to family Punicaceae, a woody plant, predominantly found on calcareous and alkaline soils. The species is extensively utilized as food and firewood and for the extraction of various chemicals due to its therapeutic properties. To understand the ethno-botanical and ecological status of the species on a regional scale, a questionnaire survey was conducted in the Dir (L) area using close and open-ended questionnaires. Data collected from 124 respondents were analysed quantitatively using statistical analysis to calculate indices like Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC), Use value (UV) and multivariate analysis. GPS data used for the presence data of the plants were used to develop GIS thematic maps. Geo-referenced data on P. granatum was collected from the study area, using GPS. Results suggest that the plant is mostly used as a remedy for dry cough, as an astringent, people used powder form of fruit peelings. It was documented in the present investig...
Graphical Listeria monocytogenes activates the two-component system LisRK under stress, and becom... more Graphical Listeria monocytogenes activates the two-component system LisRK under stress, and becomes more adhesive and highly tolerant to ampicillin.
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