This paper explores the diverse architectural styles of temple construction in Bengal from the 9t... more This paper explores the diverse architectural styles of temple construction in Bengal from the 9th to the 19th centuries. Through a detailed examination of structural variations and decorations, the study highlights how the intermingling of Hindu, Islamic, and later European influences shaped the distinctive temple architecture in this region. The research uses architectural analysis and historical texts to identify key styles, such as the 'do-chala' and 'char-chala' huts, alongside the more ornate 'Ratna' and 'naba-ratna' structures. These styles reflect the religious and cultural synthesis and the geographical and material constraints influencing temple architecture in Bengal. The findings underscore the role of Gaudiya Vaishnavism and regional patronage in fostering a unique architectural heritage characterized by its terracotta embellishments and innovative structural forms. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of South Asian architectural diversity and its socio-religious contexts, offering insights into the region's broader patterns of cultural interchange.
Britain International of Humanities and Social Sciences (BIoHS) Journal
Financial Inclusion (FI) refers to the process of bringing more people under the coverage of form... more Financial Inclusion (FI) refers to the process of bringing more people under the coverage of formal financial sector/s. It is very common in developed countries over the decades. But with the development of science and technology, financial inclusion has been introduced and spread in many developing nations in recent times. Most of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) nations are still under the category of developing economies. Mostly financial inclusion has taken part in this region for the last two decades. This research conducted a comparative study among the different SAARC nations based on the achievement in financial inclusion. This paper attempted to identify the sequential position of those countries as they can evaluate them by comparing each other for further improvement and stability.
This paper explores the diverse architectural styles of temple construction in Bengal from the 9t... more This paper explores the diverse architectural styles of temple construction in Bengal from the 9th to the 19th centuries. Through a detailed examination of structural variations and decorations, the study highlights how the intermingling of Hindu, Islamic, and later European influences shaped the distinctive temple architecture in this region. The research uses architectural analysis and historical texts to identify key styles, such as the 'do-chala' and 'char-chala' huts, alongside the more ornate 'Ratna' and 'naba-ratna' structures. These styles reflect the religious and cultural synthesis and the geographical and material constraints influencing temple architecture in Bengal. The findings underscore the role of Gaudiya Vaishnavism and regional patronage in fostering a unique architectural heritage characterized by its terracotta embellishments and innovative structural forms. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of South Asian architectural diversity and its socio-religious contexts, offering insights into the region's broader patterns of cultural interchange.
Britain International of Humanities and Social Sciences (BIoHS) Journal
Financial Inclusion (FI) refers to the process of bringing more people under the coverage of form... more Financial Inclusion (FI) refers to the process of bringing more people under the coverage of formal financial sector/s. It is very common in developed countries over the decades. But with the development of science and technology, financial inclusion has been introduced and spread in many developing nations in recent times. Most of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) nations are still under the category of developing economies. Mostly financial inclusion has taken part in this region for the last two decades. This research conducted a comparative study among the different SAARC nations based on the achievement in financial inclusion. This paper attempted to identify the sequential position of those countries as they can evaluate them by comparing each other for further improvement and stability.
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Papers by Dr. Nasrin Akhter