Hong Kong has a limited area of 1108 km2 but remarkably rich geodiversity and diversified geology... more Hong Kong has a limited area of 1108 km2 but remarkably rich geodiversity and diversified geology, landforms, and assemblages of associated features and processes. Some of the geological features can even be considered as world-class, which deserves more attention. Over the years, Hong Kong has allocated a lot of resources in biodiversity conservation, but the geodiversity conservation has been a missing piece in the initiatives of biocentric conversation for decades. The National Geopark in Hong Kong was eventually established in 2009, and listed as a Global Geopark by UNESCO in September 2011. This Geopark not only aims at the protection of natural environment, but also provides the public with opportunities of recreation and education. While these objectives seem to be conflicting, the conflicts can be solved by balancing the orientation first, and then, according to the real situation, implementing proper design, planning, and management.
ABSTRACT This paper intended to examine how local residents’ senses of place of tourism site and ... more ABSTRACT This paper intended to examine how local residents’ senses of place of tourism site and involvement in tourism could influence their attitude toward tourism, which eventually affected their support for tourism development. A questionnaire survey was conducted at eight neighborhoods surrounding Daming Palace Heritage Park, a UNESCO Cultural World Heritage Site. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was employed to examine the relations among these variables. Results indicated that positive attitude of residents toward tourism positively affected their support for tourism development but negative attitude negatively affected their support. Whilst sense of place influenced both positive and negative attitudes, involvement influenced only the positive attitude. The findings may provide reference for the sustainable development of cultural tourism and heritage conservation of Cultural World Heritage Sites.
This paper examined the relations among the knowledge and intention of clean recycling and the re... more This paper examined the relations among the knowledge and intention of clean recycling and the recycling behavior at home and in the workplace, and the spillover of recycling behavior from home to ...
Along the line that "Leave No Litter" (LNL) in protected areas is promoted globally, Ho... more Along the line that "Leave No Litter" (LNL) in protected areas is promoted globally, Hong Kong launched its LNL campaign in 2016. The success of the campaign is critically dependent on the compliance of the park visitors. Because behavioral intention is influenced by determinants of different domains, this study adopted a multilevel perspective to examine how demographic, psychological, and situational variables affected LNL intention using a voluntary response sample of 374 hikers in Hong Kong. The results indicated that attitude, perceived behavioral control, and preparedness were significant predictors of LNL intention, indicating the direct associations between them. Furthermore, preparedness mediated the effects of attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control on LNL intention. The findings of this paper may contribute to the body of knowledge on pro-environmental behavior of recreationists by providing a novel understanding of LNL intention of Hong Kong hikers. Furthermore, this study may cast light on the sustainable management of protected areas in Hong Kong as well as cities around the world.
ABSTRACT This study proposed a new model to examine how personality and social factors interacted... more ABSTRACT This study proposed a new model to examine how personality and social factors interacted to control the intention of speaking softly in public among Chinese outbound tourists. A total of 305 valid questionnaires were obtained from three tourist sites in Hong Kong, and the results indicated that behavioural intention was directly affected by both personality and social factors. Specifically, benefit affected intention, both directly and indirectly, indicating that its effect was partially mediated by attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioural control. Cost indirectly affected intention; its effect was fully mediated by attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioural control. Finally, the theoretical and practical implications of the findings were discussed.
ABSTRACT There is no accepted standard equation for predicting flow resistance in gravel rivers. ... more ABSTRACT There is no accepted standard equation for predicting flow resistance in gravel rivers. This is mainly because of the lack of an effective approach for describing the roughness of the gravel surface. This paper aims at describing the roughness of gravel surfaces based on characteristics of the elevation field rather than conventionally used grain size distribution. A new parameter—the coarseness parameter—in addition to the steepness parameter and standard deviation of the elevation field is proposed for characterizing the roughness of gravel surfaces. Two groups of rough surfaces (A and B) were generated using unconditional Gaussian simulation to study the influence of the coarseness and steepness parameters on effective roughness. The effective roughness of groups A and B was calculated by a two-equation turbulence model, and a quantitative relationship between the effective roughness and proposed parameters was derived. The resulting relationship derived from groups A and B was validated using data from flume experiments (group C). The results confirm the dependence of the effective roughness on the proposed parameters.
ABSTRACT Geotourism is a form of sustainable tourism that specifically focuses on geology and lan... more ABSTRACT Geotourism is a form of sustainable tourism that specifically focuses on geology and landscape. Geotourism has five essential characteristics, namely, being geologically based, environmentally sustainable, informative, beneficial and tourist-satisfactory. In the recent decade, many countries have set up geoparks as a means to promote geotourism and nature conservation. A geopark is a designated area where outstanding and rare geological landforms are protected and where a sustainable economic development strategy is in place. Hong Kong Geopark was open in 2009 as an urban geopark established in the setting of a densely populated metropolis. Because of proximity, Hong Kong Geopark integrates with the city to form a geopark-city tourism system in such a way that the park and the city play separate but complementary roles in the development of geotourism. The major aim of this paper is to examine the relationship between Hong Kong Geopark and geotourism and explain how the park achieves sustainable tourism.
Community-based tourism (CBT) emphasises attributes such as sustainability, local participation, ... more Community-based tourism (CBT) emphasises attributes such as sustainability, local participation, and the maximisation of benefits to the community. However, limited scholarly interventions and crit...
Hong Kong has a limited area of 1108 km2 but remarkably rich geodiversity and diversified geology... more Hong Kong has a limited area of 1108 km2 but remarkably rich geodiversity and diversified geology, landforms, and assemblages of associated features and processes. Some of the geological features can even be considered as world-class, which deserves more attention. Over the years, Hong Kong has allocated a lot of resources in biodiversity conservation, but the geodiversity conservation has been a missing piece in the initiatives of biocentric conversation for decades. The National Geopark in Hong Kong was eventually established in 2009, and listed as a Global Geopark by UNESCO in September 2011. This Geopark not only aims at the protection of natural environment, but also provides the public with opportunities of recreation and education. While these objectives seem to be conflicting, the conflicts can be solved by balancing the orientation first, and then, according to the real situation, implementing proper design, planning, and management.
ABSTRACT This paper intended to examine how local residents’ senses of place of tourism site and ... more ABSTRACT This paper intended to examine how local residents’ senses of place of tourism site and involvement in tourism could influence their attitude toward tourism, which eventually affected their support for tourism development. A questionnaire survey was conducted at eight neighborhoods surrounding Daming Palace Heritage Park, a UNESCO Cultural World Heritage Site. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was employed to examine the relations among these variables. Results indicated that positive attitude of residents toward tourism positively affected their support for tourism development but negative attitude negatively affected their support. Whilst sense of place influenced both positive and negative attitudes, involvement influenced only the positive attitude. The findings may provide reference for the sustainable development of cultural tourism and heritage conservation of Cultural World Heritage Sites.
This paper examined the relations among the knowledge and intention of clean recycling and the re... more This paper examined the relations among the knowledge and intention of clean recycling and the recycling behavior at home and in the workplace, and the spillover of recycling behavior from home to ...
Along the line that "Leave No Litter" (LNL) in protected areas is promoted globally, Ho... more Along the line that "Leave No Litter" (LNL) in protected areas is promoted globally, Hong Kong launched its LNL campaign in 2016. The success of the campaign is critically dependent on the compliance of the park visitors. Because behavioral intention is influenced by determinants of different domains, this study adopted a multilevel perspective to examine how demographic, psychological, and situational variables affected LNL intention using a voluntary response sample of 374 hikers in Hong Kong. The results indicated that attitude, perceived behavioral control, and preparedness were significant predictors of LNL intention, indicating the direct associations between them. Furthermore, preparedness mediated the effects of attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control on LNL intention. The findings of this paper may contribute to the body of knowledge on pro-environmental behavior of recreationists by providing a novel understanding of LNL intention of Hong Kong hikers. Furthermore, this study may cast light on the sustainable management of protected areas in Hong Kong as well as cities around the world.
ABSTRACT This study proposed a new model to examine how personality and social factors interacted... more ABSTRACT This study proposed a new model to examine how personality and social factors interacted to control the intention of speaking softly in public among Chinese outbound tourists. A total of 305 valid questionnaires were obtained from three tourist sites in Hong Kong, and the results indicated that behavioural intention was directly affected by both personality and social factors. Specifically, benefit affected intention, both directly and indirectly, indicating that its effect was partially mediated by attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioural control. Cost indirectly affected intention; its effect was fully mediated by attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioural control. Finally, the theoretical and practical implications of the findings were discussed.
ABSTRACT There is no accepted standard equation for predicting flow resistance in gravel rivers. ... more ABSTRACT There is no accepted standard equation for predicting flow resistance in gravel rivers. This is mainly because of the lack of an effective approach for describing the roughness of the gravel surface. This paper aims at describing the roughness of gravel surfaces based on characteristics of the elevation field rather than conventionally used grain size distribution. A new parameter—the coarseness parameter—in addition to the steepness parameter and standard deviation of the elevation field is proposed for characterizing the roughness of gravel surfaces. Two groups of rough surfaces (A and B) were generated using unconditional Gaussian simulation to study the influence of the coarseness and steepness parameters on effective roughness. The effective roughness of groups A and B was calculated by a two-equation turbulence model, and a quantitative relationship between the effective roughness and proposed parameters was derived. The resulting relationship derived from groups A and B was validated using data from flume experiments (group C). The results confirm the dependence of the effective roughness on the proposed parameters.
ABSTRACT Geotourism is a form of sustainable tourism that specifically focuses on geology and lan... more ABSTRACT Geotourism is a form of sustainable tourism that specifically focuses on geology and landscape. Geotourism has five essential characteristics, namely, being geologically based, environmentally sustainable, informative, beneficial and tourist-satisfactory. In the recent decade, many countries have set up geoparks as a means to promote geotourism and nature conservation. A geopark is a designated area where outstanding and rare geological landforms are protected and where a sustainable economic development strategy is in place. Hong Kong Geopark was open in 2009 as an urban geopark established in the setting of a densely populated metropolis. Because of proximity, Hong Kong Geopark integrates with the city to form a geopark-city tourism system in such a way that the park and the city play separate but complementary roles in the development of geotourism. The major aim of this paper is to examine the relationship between Hong Kong Geopark and geotourism and explain how the park achieves sustainable tourism.
Community-based tourism (CBT) emphasises attributes such as sustainability, local participation, ... more Community-based tourism (CBT) emphasises attributes such as sustainability, local participation, and the maximisation of benefits to the community. However, limited scholarly interventions and crit...
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