It is believed that traditional safety management needs to be improved on the aspect of preparedn... more It is believed that traditional safety management needs to be improved on the aspect of preparedness for coping with expected and unexpected deviations, avoiding an overly optimistic reliance on safety systems. Remembering recent major accidents, such as the Deep Water Horizon, the Texas City explosion, and the Mont Blanc Tunnel Fire, such an approach may have helped to maintain the integrity of the designed provisions against major deviations resulting in these disasters. In order to make this paradigm operational, safety management and in particular risk assessment tools need to be refined. A valuable approach is the inclusion of human and organisational factors into the simulation of the reliability of the technical system using event trees and fault trees and the concept of safety barriers. This has been demonstrated e. g. in the former European research project ARAMIS (Accidental Risk Assessment Methodology for IndustrieS, see Salvi et al 2006). ARAMIS employs the bow-tie appro...
Abstract. This report is ,a deliverable in the ARAMIS project. It described the background,of the... more Abstract. This report is ,a deliverable in the ARAMIS project. It described the background,of the safety management concept,and the methodology to assess the quality of safety management. A detailed audit manual and the Safety Culture Questionnaire are attached as ,annexes to ,this report. Preliminary responses,from ,the test cases suggest ,that the methodology works, but especially the audit process needs improvement
This paper describes the development of a management model to control barriers devised to prevent... more This paper describes the development of a management model to control barriers devised to prevent major hazard scenarios. Additionally, an audit technique is explained that assesses the quality of such a management system. The final purpose of the audit technique is to quantify those aspects of the management system that have a direct impact on the reliability and effectiveness of the barriers and, hence, the probability of the scenarios involved. First, an outline of the management model is given and its elements are explained. Then, the development of the audit technique is described. Because the audit technique uses actual major hazard scenarios and barriers within these as its focus, the technique achieves a concreteness and clarity that many other techniques often lack. However, this strength is also its limitation, since the full safety management system is not covered with the technique. Finally, some preliminary experiences obtained from several test sites are compiled and discussed.
A multidisciplinary study of fires in chemical waste at a Danish chemical company has been carrie... more A multidisciplinary study of fires in chemical waste at a Danish chemical company has been carried out in order to estimate the concentrations of combustion products in the surroundings. The first part of the study addressed the characterisation of the waste and the assessment of fire cases which formed the basis for the experimental work and determination of fire effluents.
The environmental impact and safety aspects are assessed for six different techniques for disposi... more The environmental impact and safety aspects are assessed for six different techniques for disposing decommissioned ammunition. These are open burning and open detonation (OD), closed detonation (CD), fluidised bed combustion (FBC), rotary kiln (RK) Incineration, and Mobile furnace (MF) Incineration. The assessment is performed in the form of a multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA). Objectives for minimising environmental impact and risk are defined to enable selection of the "best" technology. A framework for comparing emissions of different air pollutants is proposed. Environmental impacts are described, especially air pollutants. The environmental impacts of traditional OB and OD can be drastically reduced using controlled incineration techniques in combination with high-pressure water washout. This enables the explosive contents to be separated from the casing, and simultaneously the explosive is transformed to a desensitised water-based slurry.
ABSTRACT Safety-barrier diagrams have proven to be a useful tool in documenting the safety measur... more ABSTRACT Safety-barrier diagrams have proven to be a useful tool in documenting the safety measures taken to prevent incidents and accidents in process industry. Especially during the introduction of new hydrogen technologies or applications, as e.g. hydrogen refuelling stations, safety-barrier diagrams are considered a valuable supplement to other traditional risk analysis tools to support the communication with authorities and other stakeholders during the permitting process. Another advantage of safety-barrier diagrams is that they highlight the importance of functional and reliable safety barriers in any system and here is a direct focus on those barriers that need to be subject to safety management in terms of design and installation, operational use, inspection and monitoring, and maintenance. Safety-barrier diagrams support both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The paper will describe the background and syntax of the methodology and demonstrate the usefulness of such diagrams for hydrogen technologies.
ABSTRACT The Dutch National Model was revised during 1995 and 1996 in a task group consisting of ... more ABSTRACT The Dutch National Model was revised during 1995 and 1996 in a task group consisting of representatives of the relevant institutes and universities in the Netherlands. The advanced model 'STACKS' was chosen as the model of departure. From an evaluation some modifications were agreed, in particular for the surface layer and the treatment of directional wind shear in the model. The resulting Reference Model will serve as a calibration standard for a simplified version meant for regulatory purposes.
Page 1. 1 Annual Report 2000 Systems Analysis Department Risø-R-1230(EN) Risø-R-1230( EN) Systems... more Page 1. 1 Annual Report 2000 Systems Analysis Department Risø-R-1230(EN) Risø-R-1230( EN) Systems Analysis Department Annual Report 2000 Edited by Hans Larsen, Nijs Jan Duijm, Charlotte Olsson and Elin Jensen Risø National Laboratory Roskilde . Denmark ...
It is believed that traditional safety management needs to be improved on the aspect of preparedn... more It is believed that traditional safety management needs to be improved on the aspect of preparedness for coping with expected and unexpected deviations, avoiding an overly optimistic reliance on safety systems. Remembering recent major accidents, such as the Deep Water Horizon, the Texas City explosion, and the Mont Blanc Tunnel Fire, such an approach may have helped to maintain the integrity of the designed provisions against major deviations resulting in these disasters. In order to make this paradigm operational, safety management and in particular risk assessment tools need to be refined. A valuable approach is the inclusion of human and organisational factors into the simulation of the reliability of the technical system using event trees and fault trees and the concept of safety barriers. This has been demonstrated e. g. in the former European research project ARAMIS (Accidental Risk Assessment Methodology for IndustrieS, see Salvi et al 2006). ARAMIS employs the bow-tie appro...
Abstract. This report is ,a deliverable in the ARAMIS project. It described the background,of the... more Abstract. This report is ,a deliverable in the ARAMIS project. It described the background,of the safety management concept,and the methodology to assess the quality of safety management. A detailed audit manual and the Safety Culture Questionnaire are attached as ,annexes to ,this report. Preliminary responses,from ,the test cases suggest ,that the methodology works, but especially the audit process needs improvement
This paper describes the development of a management model to control barriers devised to prevent... more This paper describes the development of a management model to control barriers devised to prevent major hazard scenarios. Additionally, an audit technique is explained that assesses the quality of such a management system. The final purpose of the audit technique is to quantify those aspects of the management system that have a direct impact on the reliability and effectiveness of the barriers and, hence, the probability of the scenarios involved. First, an outline of the management model is given and its elements are explained. Then, the development of the audit technique is described. Because the audit technique uses actual major hazard scenarios and barriers within these as its focus, the technique achieves a concreteness and clarity that many other techniques often lack. However, this strength is also its limitation, since the full safety management system is not covered with the technique. Finally, some preliminary experiences obtained from several test sites are compiled and discussed.
A multidisciplinary study of fires in chemical waste at a Danish chemical company has been carrie... more A multidisciplinary study of fires in chemical waste at a Danish chemical company has been carried out in order to estimate the concentrations of combustion products in the surroundings. The first part of the study addressed the characterisation of the waste and the assessment of fire cases which formed the basis for the experimental work and determination of fire effluents.
The environmental impact and safety aspects are assessed for six different techniques for disposi... more The environmental impact and safety aspects are assessed for six different techniques for disposing decommissioned ammunition. These are open burning and open detonation (OD), closed detonation (CD), fluidised bed combustion (FBC), rotary kiln (RK) Incineration, and Mobile furnace (MF) Incineration. The assessment is performed in the form of a multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA). Objectives for minimising environmental impact and risk are defined to enable selection of the "best" technology. A framework for comparing emissions of different air pollutants is proposed. Environmental impacts are described, especially air pollutants. The environmental impacts of traditional OB and OD can be drastically reduced using controlled incineration techniques in combination with high-pressure water washout. This enables the explosive contents to be separated from the casing, and simultaneously the explosive is transformed to a desensitised water-based slurry.
ABSTRACT Safety-barrier diagrams have proven to be a useful tool in documenting the safety measur... more ABSTRACT Safety-barrier diagrams have proven to be a useful tool in documenting the safety measures taken to prevent incidents and accidents in process industry. Especially during the introduction of new hydrogen technologies or applications, as e.g. hydrogen refuelling stations, safety-barrier diagrams are considered a valuable supplement to other traditional risk analysis tools to support the communication with authorities and other stakeholders during the permitting process. Another advantage of safety-barrier diagrams is that they highlight the importance of functional and reliable safety barriers in any system and here is a direct focus on those barriers that need to be subject to safety management in terms of design and installation, operational use, inspection and monitoring, and maintenance. Safety-barrier diagrams support both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The paper will describe the background and syntax of the methodology and demonstrate the usefulness of such diagrams for hydrogen technologies.
ABSTRACT The Dutch National Model was revised during 1995 and 1996 in a task group consisting of ... more ABSTRACT The Dutch National Model was revised during 1995 and 1996 in a task group consisting of representatives of the relevant institutes and universities in the Netherlands. The advanced model 'STACKS' was chosen as the model of departure. From an evaluation some modifications were agreed, in particular for the surface layer and the treatment of directional wind shear in the model. The resulting Reference Model will serve as a calibration standard for a simplified version meant for regulatory purposes.
Page 1. 1 Annual Report 2000 Systems Analysis Department Risø-R-1230(EN) Risø-R-1230( EN) Systems... more Page 1. 1 Annual Report 2000 Systems Analysis Department Risø-R-1230(EN) Risø-R-1230( EN) Systems Analysis Department Annual Report 2000 Edited by Hans Larsen, Nijs Jan Duijm, Charlotte Olsson and Elin Jensen Risø National Laboratory Roskilde . Denmark ...
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