This paper surveys the literature and assesses the magnitude, persistence, and depth of poverty a... more This paper surveys the literature and assesses the magnitude, persistence, and depth of poverty and inequality in Sub-Saharan Africa using empirical analysis. Our analysis explores linkages between three key facts about devel-opment in Sub-Saharan Africa: poor economic growth, poor performance in terms of public health indicators, and resilient high-income inequality. Most of the differential between growth rates in Sub-Saharan Africa and other devel-oping countries can be explained by two measures of human capital-secondary enrolment and infant mortality. We also find that the growth trend in Sub-Saharan Africa does not significantly differ from other developing countries that have fallen into a poverty trap.
This report was prepared for the World Bank Institute (WBI) under the overall guidance of Marlain... more This report was prepared for the World Bank Institute (WBI) under the overall guidance of Marlaine Lockheed, Manager, Evaluation Group. The team was led by Nidhi Khattri and Jaime Quizon. This report benefited from a review by an expert panel of Gail P. Davenport (HRSLO), Victoria Elliot (OEDCM), Elizabeth M. King (EASHD), Bruno Andre Laporte (WBIKL), Emiliana Vegas (YPP), and Tao Yao of the American Institutes for Research. Violaine
bl ic Di sc lo su re A ut ho riz ed Pu bl ic Di sc lo su re A ut ho riz ed Pu bl ic Di sc lo su r... more bl ic Di sc lo su re A ut ho riz ed Pu bl ic Di sc lo su re A ut ho riz ed Pu bl ic Di sc lo su re A ut ho riz ed Pu bl ic Di sc lo su re A ut ho riz ed Produced by the Research Support Team
This report provides an evaluation of the impact of World Bank Institute (WBI) client programs. T... more This report provides an evaluation of the impact of World Bank Institute (WBI) client programs. The report discusses the evaluation methodology, results, and recommendations. In Chapter 2 an overview of the specific evaluation questions, an overview of the methodology, and sampling and data-collection results is presented. Chapter 3 discusses effectiveness of the learning activities and their impact on participants, Chapter 4 outlines the features of the WBI learning activities and their relationship to effectiveness and impact and Chapter 5 highlights the contribution of WBI's activities to developing knowledge and capacity and discusses the efficiency of WBI activities.
This report examines land access, disputes, and dispute resolution in Timor-Leste, using findings... more This report examines land access, disputes, and dispute resolution in Timor-Leste, using findings from the justice module included in an extension of the 2007 Timor-Leste Survey of Living Standards (TLSLS2) and a review of relevant social-science literature. The extension survey (TLSLSx) revisited a nationally representative subsample of the TLSLS2 between April and October 2008. The respondent for the justice module was randomly selected to be the household head or his/her spouse, and the TLSLSx revisited 1,716 respondents across Timor-Leste's thirteen districts. Survey topics included: (1) access to information and decision making; (2) opinions and knowledge of the law; (3) trust and local institutions; and (4) dispute resolution. Findings from this survey have been summarized in three short briefing papers focusing on land and conflict, youth perspectives, and community trust and decision making.
India is widely considered a success story in terms of growth and poverty reduction. In just over... more India is widely considered a success story in terms of growth and poverty reduction. In just over two decades, national poverty rates have fallen by more than 20 percentage points, from 45.6 percent in 1983 to 27.5 percent in 2004–05. However it is widely acknowledged that growth has not touched everyone equitably and that many groups are left behind amid improving living standards. Among them are tribal groups identified by the Constitution as Scheduled Tribes, though their self-preferred term is Adivasi (literally “original inhabitants”). Comprising about 8 percent of India’s population, they account for a fourth of the population living in the poorest wealth decile. Their poverty rates are closer to where the general population was 20 years ago (figure 1). While they have seen considerable progress —poverty among tribal groups declined by more than a third over 1983–2005—yet nearly half the country’s Scheduled Tribe population remains in poverty, an indication of their low starti...
This paper documents the vast expansion of schooling over the past several decades. It begins by ... more This paper documents the vast expansion of schooling over the past several decades. It begins by considering international panel data and makes the observation that poor countries today have higher average education levels than countries at the same level of economic development used to have in the past. It is then argued that this trend can be attributed to the enhanced demand for schooling because of the increase in openness. The analysis of educational expansion in cross-country framework and in China's provinces provides support for the view that educational expansion is related to economy's openness.
India is widely considered a success story in terms of growth and poverty reduction. In just over... more India is widely considered a success story in terms of growth and poverty reduction. In just over two decades, national poverty rates have fallen by more than 20 percentage points, from 45.6 percent in 1983 to 27.5 percent in 2004-05. However it is widely acknowledged that growth has not touched everyone equitably and that many groups are left behind amid improving living standards. Among them are tribal groups identified by the constitution as scheduled tribes, though their self-preferred term is adivasi (literally 'original inhabitants'). Comprising about 8 percent of India's population, they account for a fourth of the population living in the poorest wealth decile. The starkest marker of tribal deprivation is child mortality. Under-five mortality rates among tribal children in rural areas remain startlingly high (at about 100 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2005 compared with 82 among all children). Unlike other excluded groups in India, such as scheduled castes, tri...
This briefing note examines perspectives on trust, authority, and responsibility for decision mak... more This briefing note examines perspectives on trust, authority, and responsibility for decision making in Timor-Leste, using findings from the justice module included in an extension of the 2007 Timor-Leste Survey of Living Standards (TLSLS2) and a review of relevant social-science literature. It is hoped that this report will be a valuable resource for civil servants, civil society, and donor agencies working in Timor-Leste. This note examines relationships among East Timorese, focusing on trust, views on authority, and decision-making power. It begins by discussing the relationships between individuals specifically, trust in one's neighbors and perspectives on safety. While trust is essentially about these interpersonal relationships, research has shown that high levels of trust are associated with improved economic outcomes and better maintenance of public goods. Thus, trust within a society is important for a much wider set of outcomes. In later sections, the authors move to a...
This paper surveys the literature and assesses the magnitude, persistence, and depth of poverty a... more This paper surveys the literature and assesses the magnitude, persistence, and depth of poverty and inequality in Sub-Saharan Africa using empirical analysis. Our analysis explores linkages between three key facts about development in Sub-Saharan Africa: poor economic growth, poor performance in terms of public health indicators, and resilient high-income inequality. Most of the differential between growth rates in Sub-Saharan Africa and other developing countries can be explained by two measures of human capital-secondary enrolment and infant mortality. We also find that the growth trend in Sub-Saharan Africa does not significantly differ from other developing countries that have fallen into a poverty trap.
This briefing note examines intergenerational aspects of community involvement, trust, and author... more This briefing note examines intergenerational aspects of community involvement, trust, and authority, and dispute participation/resolution in Timor-Leste, using findings from the justice module included in an extension of the 2007 Timor-Leste Survey of Living Standards (TLSLS2) and a review of relevant social-science literature. It is hoped that this report will be a valuable resource for civil servants, civil society organizations, and donor agencies working with youth in Timor-Leste. The extension survey (TLSLSx) revisited a nationally representative subsample of the TLSLS2 between April and October 2008. The respondent for the justice module was randomly selected to be the household head or his/her spouse, and topics included: (1) access to information and decision making; (2) opinions and knowledge of the law; (3) trust and local institutions; and (4) dispute resolution. Findings from this survey have been summarized in three short briefing papers focusing on youth perspectives,...
Mauritius is a high middle-income country with low levels of poverty and inequality. The headcoun... more Mauritius is a high middle-income country with low levels of poverty and inequality. The headcount poverty level was 6.9 percent in 2012; measured by the international standard of United States (U.S.) $2 per day (PPP), poverty was less than 1 percent. On inequality, Mauritius also fared well compared to its peer middle-income countries. On the negative side, Mauritius’ growth has not been equally shared, despite the general improvement in welfare. The economy’s polarization was associated with a structural transformation from labor-intensive industries to services and knowledge-intensive industries. Inclusiveness remains the main challenge for the current growth pattern. When Mauritius will be able to become a high-income country will depend on its ability to improve the labor force’s skill set, develop infrastructure, and further improve the business environment to attract foreign direct investment (FDI) and generate domestic investment. Reduction in inequality and boost of shared ...
This paper surveys the literature and assesses the magnitude, persistence, and depth of poverty a... more This paper surveys the literature and assesses the magnitude, persistence, and depth of poverty and inequality in Sub-Saharan Africa using empirical analysis. Our analysis explores linkages between three key facts about devel-opment in Sub-Saharan Africa: poor economic growth, poor performance in terms of public health indicators, and resilient high-income inequality. Most of the differential between growth rates in Sub-Saharan Africa and other devel-oping countries can be explained by two measures of human capital-secondary enrolment and infant mortality. We also find that the growth trend in Sub-Saharan Africa does not significantly differ from other developing countries that have fallen into a poverty trap.
This report was prepared for the World Bank Institute (WBI) under the overall guidance of Marlain... more This report was prepared for the World Bank Institute (WBI) under the overall guidance of Marlaine Lockheed, Manager, Evaluation Group. The team was led by Nidhi Khattri and Jaime Quizon. This report benefited from a review by an expert panel of Gail P. Davenport (HRSLO), Victoria Elliot (OEDCM), Elizabeth M. King (EASHD), Bruno Andre Laporte (WBIKL), Emiliana Vegas (YPP), and Tao Yao of the American Institutes for Research. Violaine
bl ic Di sc lo su re A ut ho riz ed Pu bl ic Di sc lo su re A ut ho riz ed Pu bl ic Di sc lo su r... more bl ic Di sc lo su re A ut ho riz ed Pu bl ic Di sc lo su re A ut ho riz ed Pu bl ic Di sc lo su re A ut ho riz ed Pu bl ic Di sc lo su re A ut ho riz ed Produced by the Research Support Team
This report provides an evaluation of the impact of World Bank Institute (WBI) client programs. T... more This report provides an evaluation of the impact of World Bank Institute (WBI) client programs. The report discusses the evaluation methodology, results, and recommendations. In Chapter 2 an overview of the specific evaluation questions, an overview of the methodology, and sampling and data-collection results is presented. Chapter 3 discusses effectiveness of the learning activities and their impact on participants, Chapter 4 outlines the features of the WBI learning activities and their relationship to effectiveness and impact and Chapter 5 highlights the contribution of WBI's activities to developing knowledge and capacity and discusses the efficiency of WBI activities.
This report examines land access, disputes, and dispute resolution in Timor-Leste, using findings... more This report examines land access, disputes, and dispute resolution in Timor-Leste, using findings from the justice module included in an extension of the 2007 Timor-Leste Survey of Living Standards (TLSLS2) and a review of relevant social-science literature. The extension survey (TLSLSx) revisited a nationally representative subsample of the TLSLS2 between April and October 2008. The respondent for the justice module was randomly selected to be the household head or his/her spouse, and the TLSLSx revisited 1,716 respondents across Timor-Leste's thirteen districts. Survey topics included: (1) access to information and decision making; (2) opinions and knowledge of the law; (3) trust and local institutions; and (4) dispute resolution. Findings from this survey have been summarized in three short briefing papers focusing on land and conflict, youth perspectives, and community trust and decision making.
India is widely considered a success story in terms of growth and poverty reduction. In just over... more India is widely considered a success story in terms of growth and poverty reduction. In just over two decades, national poverty rates have fallen by more than 20 percentage points, from 45.6 percent in 1983 to 27.5 percent in 2004–05. However it is widely acknowledged that growth has not touched everyone equitably and that many groups are left behind amid improving living standards. Among them are tribal groups identified by the Constitution as Scheduled Tribes, though their self-preferred term is Adivasi (literally “original inhabitants”). Comprising about 8 percent of India’s population, they account for a fourth of the population living in the poorest wealth decile. Their poverty rates are closer to where the general population was 20 years ago (figure 1). While they have seen considerable progress —poverty among tribal groups declined by more than a third over 1983–2005—yet nearly half the country’s Scheduled Tribe population remains in poverty, an indication of their low starti...
This paper documents the vast expansion of schooling over the past several decades. It begins by ... more This paper documents the vast expansion of schooling over the past several decades. It begins by considering international panel data and makes the observation that poor countries today have higher average education levels than countries at the same level of economic development used to have in the past. It is then argued that this trend can be attributed to the enhanced demand for schooling because of the increase in openness. The analysis of educational expansion in cross-country framework and in China's provinces provides support for the view that educational expansion is related to economy's openness.
India is widely considered a success story in terms of growth and poverty reduction. In just over... more India is widely considered a success story in terms of growth and poverty reduction. In just over two decades, national poverty rates have fallen by more than 20 percentage points, from 45.6 percent in 1983 to 27.5 percent in 2004-05. However it is widely acknowledged that growth has not touched everyone equitably and that many groups are left behind amid improving living standards. Among them are tribal groups identified by the constitution as scheduled tribes, though their self-preferred term is adivasi (literally 'original inhabitants'). Comprising about 8 percent of India's population, they account for a fourth of the population living in the poorest wealth decile. The starkest marker of tribal deprivation is child mortality. Under-five mortality rates among tribal children in rural areas remain startlingly high (at about 100 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2005 compared with 82 among all children). Unlike other excluded groups in India, such as scheduled castes, tri...
This briefing note examines perspectives on trust, authority, and responsibility for decision mak... more This briefing note examines perspectives on trust, authority, and responsibility for decision making in Timor-Leste, using findings from the justice module included in an extension of the 2007 Timor-Leste Survey of Living Standards (TLSLS2) and a review of relevant social-science literature. It is hoped that this report will be a valuable resource for civil servants, civil society, and donor agencies working in Timor-Leste. This note examines relationships among East Timorese, focusing on trust, views on authority, and decision-making power. It begins by discussing the relationships between individuals specifically, trust in one's neighbors and perspectives on safety. While trust is essentially about these interpersonal relationships, research has shown that high levels of trust are associated with improved economic outcomes and better maintenance of public goods. Thus, trust within a society is important for a much wider set of outcomes. In later sections, the authors move to a...
This paper surveys the literature and assesses the magnitude, persistence, and depth of poverty a... more This paper surveys the literature and assesses the magnitude, persistence, and depth of poverty and inequality in Sub-Saharan Africa using empirical analysis. Our analysis explores linkages between three key facts about development in Sub-Saharan Africa: poor economic growth, poor performance in terms of public health indicators, and resilient high-income inequality. Most of the differential between growth rates in Sub-Saharan Africa and other developing countries can be explained by two measures of human capital-secondary enrolment and infant mortality. We also find that the growth trend in Sub-Saharan Africa does not significantly differ from other developing countries that have fallen into a poverty trap.
This briefing note examines intergenerational aspects of community involvement, trust, and author... more This briefing note examines intergenerational aspects of community involvement, trust, and authority, and dispute participation/resolution in Timor-Leste, using findings from the justice module included in an extension of the 2007 Timor-Leste Survey of Living Standards (TLSLS2) and a review of relevant social-science literature. It is hoped that this report will be a valuable resource for civil servants, civil society organizations, and donor agencies working with youth in Timor-Leste. The extension survey (TLSLSx) revisited a nationally representative subsample of the TLSLS2 between April and October 2008. The respondent for the justice module was randomly selected to be the household head or his/her spouse, and topics included: (1) access to information and decision making; (2) opinions and knowledge of the law; (3) trust and local institutions; and (4) dispute resolution. Findings from this survey have been summarized in three short briefing papers focusing on youth perspectives,...
Mauritius is a high middle-income country with low levels of poverty and inequality. The headcoun... more Mauritius is a high middle-income country with low levels of poverty and inequality. The headcount poverty level was 6.9 percent in 2012; measured by the international standard of United States (U.S.) $2 per day (PPP), poverty was less than 1 percent. On inequality, Mauritius also fared well compared to its peer middle-income countries. On the negative side, Mauritius’ growth has not been equally shared, despite the general improvement in welfare. The economy’s polarization was associated with a structural transformation from labor-intensive industries to services and knowledge-intensive industries. Inclusiveness remains the main challenge for the current growth pattern. When Mauritius will be able to become a high-income country will depend on its ability to improve the labor force’s skill set, develop infrastructure, and further improve the business environment to attract foreign direct investment (FDI) and generate domestic investment. Reduction in inequality and boost of shared ...
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