Papers by Obed Tiwah John
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2020
Liver is one of the integral organs in human body. Hepatitis B and C are ranked high amongst kill... more Liver is one of the integral organs in human body. Hepatitis B and C are ranked high amongst killer diseases in the world and Nigeria is said to have large number of people unknowingly living with these viruses. One of the outstanding factors is the poor knowledge of hepatitis B and C amongst the general population including students. This study aimed at assessing knowledge of undergraduate students of ATBU, Bauchi regarding viral hepatitis B and C. This was a questionnaire-based study conducted among students in ATBU, Bauchi using pre-tested self-administered questionnaire. A total of 387 students were enlisted in the study. The tools used for data analysis were frequency distribution, Chi-square tests and odd ratio. Statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 25, R and Microsoft excel 2016 were used for data analysis. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. It was observed that 86.8% ATBU students have good knowledge of viral Hepatitis B and C sadly, 51 students representing 13.2% have never heard about viral hepatitis. It was also discovered that their knowledge about hepatitis B and C do not depend on the demographic variables, considered in the study. 54.5% students did not know their hepatitis B and C status. 69.8% students have inadequate knowledge about the modes of spreads of viral hepatitis B and C. Findings from this study revealed that ATBU students demonstrated high level of awareness of HBV and HCV infections. Thus, 54.5% participants did not know their status. Students who are well informed about hepatitis B and C were 2 times more likely to know their hepatitis B and C status compared to those with poor or no knowledge. And that, majority of ATBU students have inadequate knowledge about modes of spread of the viruses hence, an urgent need for action.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
International journal of research and innovation in applied science, Dec 31, 2022
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
International journal of research and innovation in applied science, Dec 31, 2022
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant public health concern worldwide, with vulnerable populati... more Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant public health concern worldwide, with vulnerable populations, such as inmates and staff within correctional centers, facing unique challenges. This study conducted in Taraba state, Nigeria, aimed to assess the knowledge and practices related to TB prevention among this specific population. Data were collected through structured interviews and analyzed with the help of SPSS version 25 to provide insights into TB awareness, attitudes, and behaviors within 3 correctional centers in Taraba State. Simple descriptive statistics such as percentages and frequency distribution tables were used. This study revealed a diverse socio-demographic profile of participants, with variations in gender, age, education, income, occupation, religion, household size, and smoking habits. While some respondents demonstrated accurate knowledge about TB, a substantial proportion held misconceptions about its causes, transmission, and symptoms. Attitudes towards TB were generally positive, with most participants considering it a serious disease; however, fear of infection and stigmatizing attitudes persisted. Practices related to TB prevention and seeking medical care showed a range of behaviors, highlighting the need for targeted interventions. The findings from this study emphasize the importance of tailored, culturally sensitive, and evidence-based TB education and awareness campaigns within correctional settings. These campaigns should address knowledge gaps, dispel myths, reduce stigma, and promote timely diagnosis and treatment. The study underscores the critical role of public health initiatives in ensuring that all individuals, regardless of their circumstances, have access to accurate information and the necessary resources to prevent and control TB effectively.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
International Journal of Research in Medical Science
Hepatitis B and C viruses are two unidentical viruses that infect the liver and causes a disease ... more Hepatitis B and C viruses are two unidentical viruses that infect the liver and causes a disease called viral hepatitis characterized by the presence of inflamed hepatocytes. This disease has since became pandemic and global health challenge. The prevalence of this disease varies geographically hence the need for regional studies so as to guide interventions and policy making. This study was carried out among 900 volunteers within the age range 8-80 of which 383 were males while 517 were females. Demographic information were collected through oral interview while blood samples for the serological tests were collected through venipuncture by specialists. Out of the 900 participants, 121(13.4%) and 109(12.1%) were positive for HBV and HCV respectively while 10(1.1%) were found to be coinfected. 53/383(5.9%) of the male and 68/517(7.6%) of the female population were positive for HBV while 39/383(4.3%) of the male and 70/517(7.8%) of the female population were positive for HCV. Participants that fall between the age of 20-43 were found to be the most infected by both viruses. A total of 10(1.1%) were however reported to be coinfected with this viruses. The findings of this study shows the existence of high prevalence of the disease in the region. Thus, the finding calls for interventions through awareness, education, testing, vaccination and treatments by relevant bodies.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science
Antimicrobial resistance is a significant global health problem that is increasing worldwide. Abo... more Antimicrobial resistance is a significant global health problem that is increasing worldwide. About 700,000 people die each year from antimicrobial resistant infections. This coupled with the high burden of infectious disease, a high population density, and weak health systems makes Nigeria a priority country for interventions targeted at reducing the occurrence of resistant infections and ultimately lowering the disease burden. One way to achieve this is by instituting Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs (ASPs) in our health facilities which aim at improving patient health outcome. The extent to which this has been achieved in Nigeria is unknown and this paper seeks to explore this. We conducted a cross sectional study on 14 hospitals selected from six states and the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) in Nigeria. The study utilises a questionnaire designed and scripted into Open Data Kit (ODK) to assess the needs of an ASP in a hospital setting. We found that only a few hospitals have ...
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS), 2022
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is the ability of microorganisms to withstand treatment with antim... more Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is the ability of microorganisms to withstand treatment with antimicrobial agents. Antimicrobial use in children tends to be higher than in adults, especially in developing countries such as Nigeria. In 2017, the percentage of antibiotics prescribed per patient encounter ranged from 26.8% to 71.1 with the highest proportion reported among children under five years of age, underscoring the need for AMS in pediatrics in Nigeria. A review of the literature on AMS in pediatrics across Nigeria show scanty studies. In view of this, the Centre for Initiative and Development (CFID) in collaboration with Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) through a grant from Pfizer conducted needs assessment in six healthcare facilities in six States of Nigeria. This was a hospital based cross sectional study conducted using well-structured questionnaire. The structured tools were administered to key hospital management in pediatrics department and data was analyzed using simple percentages. The study recorded low pediatrics AMS structures across all the six hospitals in six states. Results show that all the six hospitals do not produce antibiogram, Five hospitals 5(83.3%) do not have formal organizational structure for antimicrobial stewardship in pediatrics, most hospitals do not have formulary. Results also show that most hospitals do not have specific clinical guidelines for management of common infectious diseases in pediatrics. This reflects that pediatrics AMS practice is still in its infancy across hospitals in Nigeria. Findings from this study identifies useful drivers that will help to effectively implement pediatrics AMS in Nigeria. This study therefore, calls for urgent need of implementing antimicrobial stewardship in pediatrics across Nigeria which will be instrumental in spurring behavioral change towards rational dispensing and use of antibiotics in pediatrics and ultimately contribute towards reducing the risk of antimicrobial resistance development and spread of resistant bugs, improve pediatrics patient health outcomes and preserve the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy in pediatrics age groups.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS), 2022
Antimicrobial resistance is a significant global health problem that is increasing worldwide. Abo... more Antimicrobial resistance is a significant global health problem that is increasing worldwide. About 700,000 people die each year from antimicrobial resistant infections. This coupled with the high burden of infectious disease, a high population density, and weak health systems makes Nigeria a priority country for interventions targeted at reducing the occurrence of resistant infections and ultimately lowering the disease burden. One way to achieve this is by instituting Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs (ASPs) in our health facilities which aim at improving patient health outcome. The extent to which this has been achieved in Nigeria is unknown and this paper seeks to explore this. We conducted a cross sectional study on 14 hospitals selected from six states and the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) in Nigeria. The study utilises a questionnaire designed and scripted into Open Data Kit (ODK) to assess the needs of an ASP in a hospital setting. We found that only a few hospitals have AMS structures in place 11(78.6%). In addition, patients are not engaged in AMS activities across hospitals which is a requirement for ASPs to be successful. Overall, the study has identified gaps in the AMS program which can be leveraged to improve AMS within hospital settings. Moreover, the results underscores the urgent need to establish and strengthen AMS programs in Nigeria to help reduce the disease burden and improve health outcomes of the population.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES
Sub-Sahara Africa harbours most of the Malaria burden including Nigeria. There are scanty studies... more Sub-Sahara Africa harbours most of the Malaria burden including Nigeria. There are scanty studies that aim at modelling these cases particularly in the study area. This study therefore, focused on a multivariate time series model for malaria cases among the residents in Jimeta metropolis of Adamawa State. A secondary data on reported malaria cases for adults, pregnant women and children was collected from January 2011 to December 2020 on monthly basis from medical records at the specialist Hospital, Jimeta, Yola, Adamawa State. The vector autoregressive (VAR) model was employed for modelling. A descriptive analysis was performed on the data. The lag order selection for stationary VAR model suggest lag three as the optimal lag for VAR model with malaria cases among children, adult and pregnant women. To assess how well the model fit the data set, AIC of 26.9458 for model with lag (3) was best. The Breusch-Godfrey LM test for residual serial correlation of VAR model suggest no autocor...
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
FUDMA Journal of Sciences (FJS), 2022
Sub-Sahara Africa harbours most of the Malaria burden including Nigeria. There are scanty studies... more Sub-Sahara Africa harbours most of the Malaria burden including Nigeria. There are scanty studies that aim at modelling these cases particularly in the study area. This study therefore, focused on a multivariate time series model for malaria cases among the residents in Jimeta metropolis of Adamawa State. A secondary data on reported malaria cases for adults, pregnant women and children was collected from January 2011 to December 2020 on monthly basis from medical records at the specialist Hospital, Jimeta, Yola, Adamawa State. The vector autoregressive (VAR) model was employed for modelling. A descriptive analysis was performed on the data. The lag order selection for stationary VAR model suggest lag three as the optimal lag for VAR model with malaria cases among children, adult and pregnant women. To assess how well the model fit the data set, AIC of 26.9458 for model with lag (3) was best. The Breusch-Godfrey LM test for residual serial correlation of VAR model suggest no autocorrelation at each lag, there is no problem of autocorrelation, since the associated p-value is greater than the conventional 0.05 level of significance. Jarque-Bera test shows that the residuals are not normally distributed and the forecast made showed that, rates of malaria cases are higher among adult followed by children and then pregnant women.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS) | Volume VII, Issue III, March 2022 | ISSN 2454–6194, 2022
Hepatotropic viruses (HBV and HCV) and glucose metabolism disorder (Prediabetes Mellitus (Pre-DM)... more Hepatotropic viruses (HBV and HCV) and glucose metabolism disorder (Prediabetes Mellitus (Pre-DM) or Diabetes mellitus (DM)) are serious public health challenge. The triple are reported to be among the fastest growing diseases around the world. Little studies have been carried on the coinfections of these diseases. This study sought to determine the prevalence of hepatotropic viruses and glucose metabolism disorder and coinfections between the diseases. Methods: This was a cross-sectional analysis performed among 138 randomly selected asymptomatic subjects in Taraba State using Cohcran's formular for determining sample size. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square test of association were used with the help of Microsoft excel 2016, SPSS version 25 and Minitab version 17. Specimen collection and laboratory analysis were carried out inline with WHO guidelines by well trained and qualified laboratory staff of CFID. Results: The overall prevalence of HBV, HCV and glucose metabolism disorder recorded in the study were 8.7%, 15.2% and 4.3%. However, 9.4% of the subjects screened were prediabetic, 0.7% of the subjects were coinfected with HBV and DM, 0.7% were also coinfected with HCV and DM. None of the subjects were coinfected with the triple infections (HBV+HCV+DM). No statistically significant association was observed between glucose metabolism disorder and hepatotropic viruses. The demographic variables tested (gender and age) were not significantly associated with glucose metabolism disorder. However, age was statistically associated with one of the hepatotropic viruses (HCV). Conclusion: This study recorded high prevalence of hepatotropic viruses (HBV = 8.7% and HCV = 15.2%) and glucose metabolism disorder (Pre-DM = 9.7% and DM = 4.3%).
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Health care workers are at risk population to viral hepatitis infection due to constant exposure ... more Health care workers are at risk population to viral hepatitis infection due to constant exposure to the source of infectious agent. This study aimed to determine the statuses of hepatitis B and C viral infections as both single and/or co-infection among HCWs in a bid to determine the level of endemicity of both viral infections for the study group as well as add to the burden of knowledge available for viral hepatitis. The population of the study included HCWs at Federal Medical Center, Jalingo. The sample size was calculated using Cochran’s formula for determining sample size. Ethical clearance was obtained from the hospital management. Demographic data as well as blood samples were collected between December 2018- May 2019 from patients who met the inclusion criteria and willingly agreed to participate. Viral hepatitis tests were carried out using rapid diagnostic kits as described by the manufacture. Data collected were entered into Microsoft Excel 2016 and moved to statistical p...
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS), 2021
Viral hepatitis is the inflammation of the liver caused by some hepatotropic viruses that indiscr... more Viral hepatitis is the inflammation of the liver caused by some hepatotropic viruses that indiscriminately infect all populations with certain sub-populations being more at risk/vulnerable to the infection. The highest burden of the infection is seen in sub-Saharan Africa with Nigeria belonging to the highly endemic countries with Taraba state having the highest burden in the country. It is undisputable that data regarding the prevalence of this infection is key in the prevention, management and control of epidemic by responsible bodies and authorities globally. However, data regarding viral hepatitis among at risk population remain scanty and continuous to prevail despite the endemicity of the disease in the region. It is against this background that this study sought to determine the prevalence of the disease among two at risk populations in Jalingo-Taraba State who accessed testing services at center for initiative and development Taraba state-Nigeria. A total of 397 individuals comprising of 160 health care workers and 237 people living with HIV were considered for the study. A total of 138 subjects were males while 259 were females within the age bracket of 8-80 years. Out of the total participants, forty-six 46/397(11.6%) were positive for HBV out of which 9(2.27%) were HCW and 37(9.32%) were PLHIV. However, no statistically significant association was found between at-riskpopulation and HBV status. A total of 54/397(13.6%) subjects were positive to HCV out of which 17(4.28%) were HCW and 37(9.32%) were PLHIV but no statistically significant association was found between at-risk population and HCV status of the subjects. A total of 5/397 participants (1.26%) were coinfected with viral hepatitis B and C out of which (0(0%), 1(0.25%)) were Males and females HCWs while (0(0%), 4(1.01%)) were males and females PLHIV respectively. The age group between 22-33 and 34-45 recorded 20(5%) each for HBV while the age group of 70+ recorded 0(0%) prevalence for HBV. The age group of 34-45 recoded the highest prevalence of 23(5.8%) for HCV infection while the age group of 58-69 recorded 0(0%) followed by 70+ who recorded 2(0.5%). The findings of this study reported a high prevalence of viral hepatitis infection amongst at risk population and this is a clear indication that the ailment is posing serious threat to the health care system and the region at large. This calls for the employment of aggressive preventive and elimination measures so as to succeed in achieving vison 2030.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Co-infection is a phenomenon in which a person acquires multiple infections concurrently. Co-infe... more Co-infection is a phenomenon in which a person acquires multiple infections concurrently. Co-infections of HIV with hepatitis B and or hepatitis C (HCV) virus (es) among others are major public health problems. In Nigeria, there is a limited knowledge on viral hepatitis amongst at-risk populations (PLHIV). Taraba state is ranked as the state with the highest rate of both hepatitis B and C infections. Thus, this study sought to seek for causes and effects of relationship from the three groups of viruses namely; Hepatitis B virus, Hepatitis C virus and Human immunodeficiency virus as it affects human beings with specific objectives of determining the prevalence and co-infections of the viruses amongst people living with HIV (PLHIV) in federal medical center Jalingo (FMCJ). A cross sectional study was conducted among 237 PLHIV in FMCJ of which blood samples as well as demographic data were obtained after the mandatory pretest counselling with informed consent from the client. All samples were analyzed for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis C antibodies using rapid diagnostic test kits. Data were entered into Microsoft Excel and SPSS version 25 of which reliability and validity test were checked using Alpha Cronbach. Out of the subjects (PLHIV) sampled, 37 (15.6%) subjects had serum samples positive for HBsAg, whilst 38 (16%) subjects had samples positive for anti-HCV. Four subjects were positive for both HBV and HCV (1.7%). There was no statistical significant association between HBV and HCV Positive cases. The prevalence of the triple infection (HIV + HCV + HBV) was 4(1.7%) of which all occurred among female PLHIV. The prevalence of both HBV and HCV infection were high among female PLHIV than Male PLHIV that is 30(12.7%) against 7(3%) for HBV and 32(13.5%) against 6(2.5%) for HCV respectively. This study reported high prevalence of hepatotropic viruses (HBV and HCV) and coinfections among PLHIV in FMCJ. Findings from this study are of great public health concern due to the fatality rate associated with the triple infection. Thus, Screening for these viruses among HIV/AIDS patients is advocated and recommended as this will allow for early detection and proper management.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
https://ijshr.com/IJSHR_Vol.5_Issue.4_Oct2020/IJSHR_Abstract.002.html, 2020
Health care workers are at risk population to viral hepatitis infection due to constant exposure ... more Health care workers are at risk population to viral hepatitis infection due to constant exposure to the source of infectious agent. This study aimed to determine the statuses of hepatitis B and C viral infections as both single and/or co-infection among HCWs in a bid to determine the level of endemicity of both viral infections for the study group as well as add to the burden of knowledge available for viral hepatitis. The population of the study included HCWs at Federal Medical Center, Jalingo. The sample size was calculated using Cochran's formula for determining sample size. Ethical clearance was obtained from the hospital management. Demographic data as well as blood samples were collected between December 2018-May 2019 from patients who met the inclusion criteria and willingly agreed to participate. Viral hepatitis tests were carried out using rapid diagnostic kits as described by the manufacture. Data collected were entered into Microsoft Excel 2016 and moved to statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 25 and R for analysis. Out of the 160 participants, 5.60% and 10.60% were found to be positive for HBV and HCV respectively. Only 0.6% of the entire population were found to be co-infected with both HBV and HCV. Participants within the age bracket of 18-34 were found to have the highest prevalence of both the viruses. Male participants had the highest prevalence for HCV as the female had the highest for HBV. The findings of this study confirms that HCWs are at risk population to viral hepatitis infection with intermediate and high prevalence being reported for HBV and HCV positivity respectively, though several other factors including vaccination, knowledge, attitude and practices towards the viral infection by the participants might have played pivotal role in the endemicity.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
International Journal of Science and Healthcare Research, 2020
Health care workers are at risk population to viral hepatitis infection due to constant exposure ... more Health care workers are at risk population to viral hepatitis infection due to constant exposure to the source of infectious agent. This study aimed to determine the statuses of hepatitis B and C viral infections as both single and/or co-infection among HCWs in a bid to determine the level of endemicity of both viral infections for the study group as well as add to the burden of knowledge available for viral hepatitis. The population of the study included HCWs at Federal Medical Center, Jalingo. The sample size was calculated using Cochran's formula for determining sample size. Ethical clearance was obtained from the hospital management. Demographic data as well as blood samples were collected between December 2018-May 2019 from patients who met the inclusion criteria and willingly agreed to participate. Viral hepatitis tests were carried out using rapid diagnostic kits as described by the manufacture. Data collected were entered into Microsoft Excel 2016 and moved to statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 25 and R for analysis. Out of the 160 participants, 5.60% and 10.60% were found to be positive for HBV and HCV respectively. Only 0.6% of the entire population were found to be co-infected with both HBV and HCV. Participants within the age bracket of 18-34 were found to have the highest prevalence of both the viruses. Male participants had the highest prevalence for HCV as the female had the highest for HBV. The findings of this study confirms that HCWs are at risk population to viral hepatitis infection with intermediate and high prevalence being reported for HBV and HCV positivity respectively, though several other factors including vaccination, knowledge, attitude and practices towards the viral infection by the participants might have played pivotal role in the endemicity.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
International Journal of Research in Medical Science, 2020
Hepatitis B and C viruses are two unidentical viruses that infect the liver and causes a disease ... more Hepatitis B and C viruses are two unidentical viruses that infect the liver and causes a disease called viral hepatitis characterized by the presence of inflamed hepatocytes. This disease has since became pandemic and global health challenge. The prevalence of this disease varies geographically hence the need for regional studies so as to guide interventions and policy making. This study was carried out among 900 volunteers within the age range 8-80 of which 383 were males while 517 were females. Demographic information were collected through oral interview while blood samples for the serological tests were collected through venipuncture by specialists. Out of the 900 participants, 121(13.4%) and 109(12.1%) were positive for HBV and HCV respectively while 10(1.1%) were found to be coinfected. 53/383(5.9%) of the male and 68/517(7.6%) of the female population were positive for HBV while 39/383(4.3%) of the male and 70/517(7.8%) of the female population were positive for HCV. Participants that fall between the age of 20-43 were found to be the most infected by both viruses. A total of 10(1.1%) were however reported to be coinfected with this viruses. The findings of this study shows the existence of high prevalence of the disease in the region. Thus, the finding calls for interventions through awareness, education, testing, vaccination and treatments by relevant bodies.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS), 2020
Liver is one of the integral organs in human body. Hepatitis B and C are ranked high amongst kill... more Liver is one of the integral organs in human body. Hepatitis B and C are ranked high amongst killer diseases in the world and Nigeria is said to have large number of people unknowingly living with these viruses. One of the outstanding factors is the poor knowledge of hepatitis B and C amongst the general population including students. This study aimed at assessing knowledge of undergraduate students of ATBU, Bauchi regarding viral hepatitis B and C. This was a questionnaire-based study conducted among students in ATBU, Bauchi using pre-tested self-administered questionnaire. A total of 387 students were enlisted in the study. The tools used for data analysis were frequency distribution, Chi-square tests and odd ratio. Statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 25, R and Microsoft excel 2016 were used for data analysis. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. It was observed that 86.8% ATBU students have good knowledge of viral Hepatitis B and C sadly, 51 students representing 13.2% have never heard about viral hepatitis. It was also discovered that their knowledge about hepatitis B and C do not depend on the demographic variables, considered in the study. 54.5% students did not know their hepatitis B and C status. 69.8% students have inadequate knowledge about the modes of spreads of viral hepatitis B and C. Findings from this study revealed that ATBU students demonstrated high level of awareness of HBV and HCV infections. Thus, 54.5% participants did not know their status. Students who are well informed about hepatitis B and C were 2 times more likely to know their hepatitis B and C status compared to those with poor or no knowledge. And that, majority of ATBU students have inadequate knowledge about modes of spread of the viruses hence, an urgent need for action.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Conference Presentations by Obed Tiwah John
Reviews in Antiviral Therapy & Infectious Diseases, 2020
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Uploads
Papers by Obed Tiwah John
Conference Presentations by Obed Tiwah John