RAS are more environmental-friendly than Flow Through Systems (FTS); with the exception of energy... more RAS are more environmental-friendly than Flow Through Systems (FTS); with the exception of energy demand, which hampers their viability. • Consumers are demanding sustainable products such as low carbon footprint seafood. • Environmental Life Cycle Assessment (eLCA) is the most popular method used for assessing environmetal impacts. • Energy audits are not as widespread as eLCA in the aquaculture industry, but they may be the best framework to define the energy demand and saving measures. Pilot-scale RAS cod system located in Getaria (Northern Spain) Meter -portable energy analyser RESULTS • RAS managers need guidelines and tools to optimise the production. • Energy audits can provide real data that can be used for decision-making. • Energy audit results can be used as a good quality input data for the Life Cycle Inventory (LCI). • Energy consumption hotspots have been identified: being the heat pump the top consumer. • Saving measures in RAS may include: software with energy perfor...
ABSTRACT Condition-Based Maintenance for diesel engines has contributed to reliability, energy-ef... more ABSTRACT Condition-Based Maintenance for diesel engines has contributed to reliability, energy-efficiency, and cost reduction. Both, the modelling of engine performance and fault detection require large amounts of data; usually, these are obtained on a test bench. In contrast, in operative engines, provoking faults onboard is not a viable proposition. Condition-Based Maintenance, fault detection and diagnosis need to be solved on engines installed in commercial vessels: the present contribution answers this need. A medium-speed diesel engine was monitored using thermocouples, pressure sensors, a propeller shaft torque meter and fuel oil flow-meters, during more than 10,000 running hours. Monitored data were used to train a three-layer feed-forward neural network, to generate the engine performance model; thus, determine the engine’s fuel consumption and faulty conditions. The faulty conditions considered were: (1) a polluted turbine; (2) a dirty air filter/compressor; (3) a dirty air cooler; (4) and bad fuel injection, i.e. bad combustion. The sensor’s precision and the experience gained by monitoring the engine served as a baseline to define the fault threshold values. The results proved the feasibility of installing a Condition-Based Maintenance, for vessels in operation, by monitoring engine performance and analysing the data with the aid of artificial neural networks.
... 200511. Glasson, J, Therival, R and Chadwick, A. 2005. ... December 2002 . pp.1476–1556. Jour... more ... 200511. Glasson, J, Therival, R and Chadwick, A. 2005. ... December 2002 . pp.1476–1556. Journal of Marine Design and Operations B (B1) View all references), or the analysis of the environmental load of different types of ship types (Holmegaard-Kristensen 200217. ...
Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part M: Journal of Engineering for the Maritime Environment, 2011
ABSTRACT The International Maritime Organization's (IMO's) G2 guideline (Guidelin... more ABSTRACT The International Maritime Organization's (IMO's) G2 guideline (Guidelines for ballast water sampling) clearly states that ballast water samples are required to be representative of the whole ballast water discharged. Enforcement and implementation of the ballast water convention largely depend on defendable case based on evidence that a ship entering territorial waters has not complied with regulations. The statistical representativeness of ballast water samples has been discussed in this study with additional emphasis on practicality of the sampling procedure. The mathematical formula for determining a sample size for a proportion from a finite population has been used to identify the minimum number of samples which could be considered as statistically representative of the ship's ballast water. Results clearly indicate that a large amount of ballast water, the 16 per cent of ballast water (8000 m(3)) for a ship discharging 50 000 m(3) of ballast water, must be sampled to achieve certain level of confidence which could be translated as a true representation of the ship's ballast water discharged and potentially used in any further legal actions by states or ship operators.
ABSTRACT Commercial fishing is heavily fuel dependant. The increase in the fuel price, together w... more ABSTRACT Commercial fishing is heavily fuel dependant. The increase in the fuel price, together with the stock decline, occupational risks of fishing, the possibilities of finding a different future for new generations, are some of the reasons that have made fishing arrive at its 'survival limits', in many parts of Europe. This contribution aims at providing shipowners and researcher with the experience of undertaking energy audits, to reduce the fuel bill of fishing vessels. In order to do so, 3 fishing vessels were assessed comprehensively, for 2010-2012, to determine their energy consumption flow. The results indicate that energy consumption depends upon: (a) the structure and size of the vessel; (b) the engine conditions and use patterns; (c) the fishing gears used; (d) the fishing and trip patterns; (e) the distance to the fishing ground; (f) target species and their migration routes; and (g) the traditions onboard. Likewise, no generalisation can be made regarding the way energy is consumed by onboard equipment/machinery when different fishing gears are compared. Energy audits will need to be site-specific and to include sufficient data to obtain representative results; these are likely to be more than in land-based industries, due to the peculiarities of this sector.
... BUILDING: AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE INTEGRATION OF THE USER PERSPECTIVE INTO SHIP BRIDGE DESI... more ... BUILDING: AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE INTEGRATION OF THE USER PERSPECTIVE INTO SHIP BRIDGE DESIGN J. Ezequiel THE SECURITY ... Carlos A. Pérez Labajos Editor Amable LópezPiñeiro Assistant Editor Alberto Pigazo López Associate Editor Ana Alegría de la ...
... 2010 The International Conference on Marine Technology 11-12 December 2010, BUET, Dhaka,Bangl... more ... 2010 The International Conference on Marine Technology 11-12 December 2010, BUET, Dhaka,Bangladesh ... Compliance with standards is, indeed, an essential condition for effectiveimplementation of any ... with more than 15 ppm into the sea is prohibited by MARPOL 73/78 ...
RAS are more environmental-friendly than Flow Through Systems (FTS); with the exception of energy... more RAS are more environmental-friendly than Flow Through Systems (FTS); with the exception of energy demand, which hampers their viability. • Consumers are demanding sustainable products such as low carbon footprint seafood. • Environmental Life Cycle Assessment (eLCA) is the most popular method used for assessing environmetal impacts. • Energy audits are not as widespread as eLCA in the aquaculture industry, but they may be the best framework to define the energy demand and saving measures. Pilot-scale RAS cod system located in Getaria (Northern Spain) Meter -portable energy analyser RESULTS • RAS managers need guidelines and tools to optimise the production. • Energy audits can provide real data that can be used for decision-making. • Energy audit results can be used as a good quality input data for the Life Cycle Inventory (LCI). • Energy consumption hotspots have been identified: being the heat pump the top consumer. • Saving measures in RAS may include: software with energy perfor...
ABSTRACT Condition-Based Maintenance for diesel engines has contributed to reliability, energy-ef... more ABSTRACT Condition-Based Maintenance for diesel engines has contributed to reliability, energy-efficiency, and cost reduction. Both, the modelling of engine performance and fault detection require large amounts of data; usually, these are obtained on a test bench. In contrast, in operative engines, provoking faults onboard is not a viable proposition. Condition-Based Maintenance, fault detection and diagnosis need to be solved on engines installed in commercial vessels: the present contribution answers this need. A medium-speed diesel engine was monitored using thermocouples, pressure sensors, a propeller shaft torque meter and fuel oil flow-meters, during more than 10,000 running hours. Monitored data were used to train a three-layer feed-forward neural network, to generate the engine performance model; thus, determine the engine’s fuel consumption and faulty conditions. The faulty conditions considered were: (1) a polluted turbine; (2) a dirty air filter/compressor; (3) a dirty air cooler; (4) and bad fuel injection, i.e. bad combustion. The sensor’s precision and the experience gained by monitoring the engine served as a baseline to define the fault threshold values. The results proved the feasibility of installing a Condition-Based Maintenance, for vessels in operation, by monitoring engine performance and analysing the data with the aid of artificial neural networks.
... 200511. Glasson, J, Therival, R and Chadwick, A. 2005. ... December 2002 . pp.1476–1556. Jour... more ... 200511. Glasson, J, Therival, R and Chadwick, A. 2005. ... December 2002 . pp.1476–1556. Journal of Marine Design and Operations B (B1) View all references), or the analysis of the environmental load of different types of ship types (Holmegaard-Kristensen 200217. ...
Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part M: Journal of Engineering for the Maritime Environment, 2011
ABSTRACT The International Maritime Organization's (IMO's) G2 guideline (Guidelin... more ABSTRACT The International Maritime Organization's (IMO's) G2 guideline (Guidelines for ballast water sampling) clearly states that ballast water samples are required to be representative of the whole ballast water discharged. Enforcement and implementation of the ballast water convention largely depend on defendable case based on evidence that a ship entering territorial waters has not complied with regulations. The statistical representativeness of ballast water samples has been discussed in this study with additional emphasis on practicality of the sampling procedure. The mathematical formula for determining a sample size for a proportion from a finite population has been used to identify the minimum number of samples which could be considered as statistically representative of the ship's ballast water. Results clearly indicate that a large amount of ballast water, the 16 per cent of ballast water (8000 m(3)) for a ship discharging 50 000 m(3) of ballast water, must be sampled to achieve certain level of confidence which could be translated as a true representation of the ship's ballast water discharged and potentially used in any further legal actions by states or ship operators.
ABSTRACT Commercial fishing is heavily fuel dependant. The increase in the fuel price, together w... more ABSTRACT Commercial fishing is heavily fuel dependant. The increase in the fuel price, together with the stock decline, occupational risks of fishing, the possibilities of finding a different future for new generations, are some of the reasons that have made fishing arrive at its 'survival limits', in many parts of Europe. This contribution aims at providing shipowners and researcher with the experience of undertaking energy audits, to reduce the fuel bill of fishing vessels. In order to do so, 3 fishing vessels were assessed comprehensively, for 2010-2012, to determine their energy consumption flow. The results indicate that energy consumption depends upon: (a) the structure and size of the vessel; (b) the engine conditions and use patterns; (c) the fishing gears used; (d) the fishing and trip patterns; (e) the distance to the fishing ground; (f) target species and their migration routes; and (g) the traditions onboard. Likewise, no generalisation can be made regarding the way energy is consumed by onboard equipment/machinery when different fishing gears are compared. Energy audits will need to be site-specific and to include sufficient data to obtain representative results; these are likely to be more than in land-based industries, due to the peculiarities of this sector.
... BUILDING: AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE INTEGRATION OF THE USER PERSPECTIVE INTO SHIP BRIDGE DESI... more ... BUILDING: AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE INTEGRATION OF THE USER PERSPECTIVE INTO SHIP BRIDGE DESIGN J. Ezequiel THE SECURITY ... Carlos A. Pérez Labajos Editor Amable LópezPiñeiro Assistant Editor Alberto Pigazo López Associate Editor Ana Alegría de la ...
... 2010 The International Conference on Marine Technology 11-12 December 2010, BUET, Dhaka,Bangl... more ... 2010 The International Conference on Marine Technology 11-12 December 2010, BUET, Dhaka,Bangladesh ... Compliance with standards is, indeed, an essential condition for effectiveimplementation of any ... with more than 15 ppm into the sea is prohibited by MARPOL 73/78 ...
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