ABSTRACT The purpose of this chapter is to provide a current comprehensive understanding of racia... more ABSTRACT The purpose of this chapter is to provide a current comprehensive understanding of racial discrimination in organizations. We begin by reviewing relevant theory that explains why racial discrimination occurs and how it is manifested through prejudice, stereotyping, and aversive racism. This discussion is followed by a review of research on the various targets of racial discrimination (i.e., Blacks, Asians, American Indians, Native Hawaiians, Whites, and Hispanics). Subsequently, we consider types of racial discrimination by comparing and contrasting overt, traditional forms of racial discrimination (i.e., formal) with covert, current forms (i.e., interpersonal).
ABSTRACT Using a longitudinal design this study examines the relationship between job embeddednes... more ABSTRACT Using a longitudinal design this study examines the relationship between job embeddedness, organizational commitment and turnover intentions using a sample of South African professionals. Results show that job embeddedness had a positive relationship on organizational commitment and a negative relationship on turnover intentions. Furthermore, we find that this relationship was moderated by employees' cultural values, specifically, collectivism and power distance. The results of this research provide new insights into the generalizability of job embeddedness theory to non-Western countries, such as South Africa. The study also extends extant embeddedness theory to understand how employee individual differences, in particular cultural values, influence the relationship between job embeddedness and employees' job attitudes.
ABSTRACT The purpose of this chapter is to provide a current comprehensive understanding of racia... more ABSTRACT The purpose of this chapter is to provide a current comprehensive understanding of racial discrimination in organizations. We begin by reviewing relevant theory that explains why racial discrimination occurs and how it is manifested through prejudice, stereotyping, and aversive racism. This discussion is followed by a review of research on the various targets of racial discrimination (i.e., Blacks, Asians, American Indians, Native Hawaiians, Whites, and Hispanics). Subsequently, we consider types of racial discrimination by comparing and contrasting overt, traditional forms of racial discrimination (i.e., formal) with covert, current forms (i.e., interpersonal).
Political scientists traditionally have analyzed the effect of politics on subjective well-being ... more Political scientists traditionally have analyzed the effect of politics on subjective well-being (SWB) at the collective level, finding that more liberal countries report greater SWB. Conversely, psychologists have focused primarily on SWB at the individual level and shown that being more conservative corresponds in greater SWB. We integrate the theoretical foundations of these 2 literatures (e.g., livability and system justification theories) to compare and contrast the effects of country- and individual-level political orientation on SWB simultaneously. Using a panel of 16 West European countries representative of 1,134,384 individuals from 1970 to 2002, we demonstrated this SWB political paradox: More liberal countries and more conservative individuals had higher levels of SWB. More important, we explored measurement as a moderator of the political orientation-SWB relationship to shed some light on why this paradox exists. When orientation is measured in terms of enacted values (i.e., what the government actually does), liberalism corresponds in higher SWB, but when politics is measured in terms of espoused values (i.e., what individuals believe), greater conservatism coincided in higher SWB. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2014 APA, all rights reserved).
ABSTRACT The purpose of this chapter is to provide a current comprehensive understanding of racia... more ABSTRACT The purpose of this chapter is to provide a current comprehensive understanding of racial discrimination in organizations. We begin by reviewing relevant theory that explains why racial discrimination occurs and how it is manifested through prejudice, stereotyping, and aversive racism. This discussion is followed by a review of research on the various targets of racial discrimination (i.e., Blacks, Asians, American Indians, Native Hawaiians, Whites, and Hispanics). Subsequently, we consider types of racial discrimination by comparing and contrasting overt, traditional forms of racial discrimination (i.e., formal) with covert, current forms (i.e., interpersonal).
ABSTRACT Using a longitudinal design this study examines the relationship between job embeddednes... more ABSTRACT Using a longitudinal design this study examines the relationship between job embeddedness, organizational commitment and turnover intentions using a sample of South African professionals. Results show that job embeddedness had a positive relationship on organizational commitment and a negative relationship on turnover intentions. Furthermore, we find that this relationship was moderated by employees' cultural values, specifically, collectivism and power distance. The results of this research provide new insights into the generalizability of job embeddedness theory to non-Western countries, such as South Africa. The study also extends extant embeddedness theory to understand how employee individual differences, in particular cultural values, influence the relationship between job embeddedness and employees' job attitudes.
ABSTRACT The purpose of this chapter is to provide a current comprehensive understanding of racia... more ABSTRACT The purpose of this chapter is to provide a current comprehensive understanding of racial discrimination in organizations. We begin by reviewing relevant theory that explains why racial discrimination occurs and how it is manifested through prejudice, stereotyping, and aversive racism. This discussion is followed by a review of research on the various targets of racial discrimination (i.e., Blacks, Asians, American Indians, Native Hawaiians, Whites, and Hispanics). Subsequently, we consider types of racial discrimination by comparing and contrasting overt, traditional forms of racial discrimination (i.e., formal) with covert, current forms (i.e., interpersonal).
Political scientists traditionally have analyzed the effect of politics on subjective well-being ... more Political scientists traditionally have analyzed the effect of politics on subjective well-being (SWB) at the collective level, finding that more liberal countries report greater SWB. Conversely, psychologists have focused primarily on SWB at the individual level and shown that being more conservative corresponds in greater SWB. We integrate the theoretical foundations of these 2 literatures (e.g., livability and system justification theories) to compare and contrast the effects of country- and individual-level political orientation on SWB simultaneously. Using a panel of 16 West European countries representative of 1,134,384 individuals from 1970 to 2002, we demonstrated this SWB political paradox: More liberal countries and more conservative individuals had higher levels of SWB. More important, we explored measurement as a moderator of the political orientation-SWB relationship to shed some light on why this paradox exists. When orientation is measured in terms of enacted values (i.e., what the government actually does), liberalism corresponds in higher SWB, but when politics is measured in terms of espoused values (i.e., what individuals believe), greater conservatism coincided in higher SWB. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2014 APA, all rights reserved).
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