Background: Unconventional perfusion flaps offer multiple potential advantages compared with trad... more Background: Unconventional perfusion flaps offer multiple potential advantages compared with traditional flaps. Although there are numerous experimental articles on unconventional perfusion flaps, the multiple animal species involved, the myriad vascular constructions used, and the frequently conflicting data reported make synthesis of this information challenging. The main aim of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature on the experimental use of unconventional perfusion flaps, to identify the best experimental models proposed and to estimate their global survival rate. Methods: The authors performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of all articles written in English, French, Italian, Spanish, and Portuguese on the experimental use of unconventional perfusion flaps and indexed to PubMed from 1981 until February 1, 2017. Results: A total of 68 studies were found, corresponding to 86 optimized experimental models and 1073 unconventional p...
While the teaching of gross anatomy remains a topic of considerable discussion (and occasional co... more While the teaching of gross anatomy remains a topic of considerable discussion (and occasional controversy), in terms of the time allocated, timing within the course, content and clinical relevance, and the use of cadavers and dissection by students, there is relatively little discourse about whether gross anatomy should be taught systemically and/or regionally or whether anatomy should be integrated or a stand-alone course. This brief article analyses the differences between the systemic and region approaches, suggests ways in which the efficacy of these approaches might be investigated, and assesses how they might be integrated into other biomedical sciences and into clinical disciplines. Overall, we conclude that, even within health care studies courses such as medicine that are integrated, there should be a standalone component for the study of gross anatomy that takes a regional approach; although undoubtedly study of anatomy both systemically and regionally would be the ideal situation (time and resources permitting)
Frequently, deep partial and full-thickness skin wounds do not spontaneously regenerate. To resto... more Frequently, deep partial and full-thickness skin wounds do not spontaneously regenerate. To restore the normal function of skin, epidermal and dermal components have to be supplied to the wound bed by grafting various substrates. Available options are limited and frequently costly. Herein, authors present a possible approach using 3D skin scaffolds capable of mimicking structure and biological functions of the extracellular matrix, providing, in parallel, a good environment for cell attachment, proliferation and differentiation. Low-molecular weight chitosan-based membranes were prepared by freeze-drying and ionizing radiation techniques to be used as skin scaffolds. Poly (vinyl alcohol), PVA, vinyl pyrrolidone, VP, and gelatin from cold water fish were incorporated. Information regarding membranes’ physical-chemical properties from SEM analysis, swelling and weight loss, together with biological response through in vitro assays (using Human Caucasian Fetal Foreskin Fibroblast) allo...
O Futebol é um jogo desportivo coletivo com uma grande popularidade e que ocupa um lugar de basta... more O Futebol é um jogo desportivo coletivo com uma grande popularidade e que ocupa um lugar de bastante importância no desporto moderno, onde se apresenta, não só como um espetáculo desportivo, mas também como um meio de Educação Física e um campo de aplicação da ciência. Na atualidade o Futebol é uma modalidade de grande interesse e impacto na sociedade, facto este que faz emergir a importância de o conhecer e compreender melhor, seja ao nível social, financeiro ou desportivo.N/
The main aim of this work was to study the usefulness of human β-defensins 2 (BD-2) and 3 (BD-3),... more The main aim of this work was to study the usefulness of human β-defensins 2 (BD-2) and 3 (BD-3), which are part of the innate immune system, in the treatment of infected ischemic skin flaps. We investigated the effect of transducing rat ischemic skin flaps with lentiviral vectors encoding human BD-2, BD-3, or both BD-2 and BD-3, to increase flap survival in the context of a P. aeruginosa infection associated with a foreign body. The secondary endpoints assessed were: bacterial counts, and biofilm formation on the surface of the foreign body. A local ischemic environment was created by producing arterialized venous flaps in the left epigastric region of rats. Flaps were intentionally infected by placing underneath them two catheters with 105 CFU of P. aeruginosa before the surgical wounds were hermetically closed. Flap biopsies were performed 3 and 7 days post-operatively, and the specimens submitted to immunohistochemical analysis for BD-2 and BD-3, as well as to bacterial quantifi...
AbstractBackground Sacral nerve stimulation is a common treatment for various pelvic floor disord... more AbstractBackground Sacral nerve stimulation is a common treatment for various pelvic floor disorders. It consists of the percutaneous introduction of electrodes through the posterior sacral foramina for therapeutic stimulation of the target sacral spinal nerve. The aim of our study was to determine the surface anatomical landmarks of the sacrum to facilitate identification of the posterior sacral foramina.MethodsThis study was conducted on 20 human cadavers. The cadavers were placed in a prone position, and all the soft tissues of the sacral region were removed to allow exposure of the osseous structures. Different measurements were taken in relation to the posterior sacral foramina, the posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS) and the median sacral crest (MSC). A median coefficient of variation (CV) was determined.ResultsThe diameter of the second sacral foramen showed the greatest variability. The distances between each individual foramen and the MSC had an acceptable variability (CV < 20%). In contrast, the distance between foramina had a high variability. The distance between PSIS and the second posterior sacral foramen was also found to have an acceptable variability (CV < 20%). However, the angle formed by an horizontal line between PSIS and a line between PSIS and S2 foramina had high variability.ConclusionsWe found that the distance between sacral foramina and MSC is relatively constant while the distance between foramina and the relations between foramina and PSIS is highly variable. Detailed knowledge of the anatomy may facilitate electrode placement and is complementary to the regular use of fluoroscopy.
The venous drainage of the human testis consists of two oppositely oriented currents towards and ... more The venous drainage of the human testis consists of two oppositely oriented currents towards and away from the mediastinum testis. These centrifugal and centripetal currents have been known and studied since the nineteenth century. Based on our own observations of 35 human testes prepared by the technique of serial cleared thick sections oriented in three axial body planes, we describe a submediastinal venous plexus, located on the deep surface of the mediastinum, receiving its tributaries from within the parenchyma and giving off collaterals to form the pampiniform plexus. We propose the name coronary submediastinal venous plexus owing to its most characteristic disposition
Background: Unconventional perfusion flaps offer multiple potential advantages compared with trad... more Background: Unconventional perfusion flaps offer multiple potential advantages compared with traditional flaps. Although there are numerous experimental articles on unconventional perfusion flaps, the multiple animal species involved, the myriad vascular constructions used, and the frequently conflicting data reported make synthesis of this information challenging. The main aim of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature on the experimental use of unconventional perfusion flaps, to identify the best experimental models proposed and to estimate their global survival rate. Methods: The authors performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of all articles written in English, French, Italian, Spanish, and Portuguese on the experimental use of unconventional perfusion flaps and indexed to PubMed from 1981 until February 1, 2017. Results: A total of 68 studies were found, corresponding to 86 optimized experimental models and 1073 unconventional p...
While the teaching of gross anatomy remains a topic of considerable discussion (and occasional co... more While the teaching of gross anatomy remains a topic of considerable discussion (and occasional controversy), in terms of the time allocated, timing within the course, content and clinical relevance, and the use of cadavers and dissection by students, there is relatively little discourse about whether gross anatomy should be taught systemically and/or regionally or whether anatomy should be integrated or a stand-alone course. This brief article analyses the differences between the systemic and region approaches, suggests ways in which the efficacy of these approaches might be investigated, and assesses how they might be integrated into other biomedical sciences and into clinical disciplines. Overall, we conclude that, even within health care studies courses such as medicine that are integrated, there should be a standalone component for the study of gross anatomy that takes a regional approach; although undoubtedly study of anatomy both systemically and regionally would be the ideal situation (time and resources permitting)
Frequently, deep partial and full-thickness skin wounds do not spontaneously regenerate. To resto... more Frequently, deep partial and full-thickness skin wounds do not spontaneously regenerate. To restore the normal function of skin, epidermal and dermal components have to be supplied to the wound bed by grafting various substrates. Available options are limited and frequently costly. Herein, authors present a possible approach using 3D skin scaffolds capable of mimicking structure and biological functions of the extracellular matrix, providing, in parallel, a good environment for cell attachment, proliferation and differentiation. Low-molecular weight chitosan-based membranes were prepared by freeze-drying and ionizing radiation techniques to be used as skin scaffolds. Poly (vinyl alcohol), PVA, vinyl pyrrolidone, VP, and gelatin from cold water fish were incorporated. Information regarding membranes’ physical-chemical properties from SEM analysis, swelling and weight loss, together with biological response through in vitro assays (using Human Caucasian Fetal Foreskin Fibroblast) allo...
O Futebol é um jogo desportivo coletivo com uma grande popularidade e que ocupa um lugar de basta... more O Futebol é um jogo desportivo coletivo com uma grande popularidade e que ocupa um lugar de bastante importância no desporto moderno, onde se apresenta, não só como um espetáculo desportivo, mas também como um meio de Educação Física e um campo de aplicação da ciência. Na atualidade o Futebol é uma modalidade de grande interesse e impacto na sociedade, facto este que faz emergir a importância de o conhecer e compreender melhor, seja ao nível social, financeiro ou desportivo.N/
The main aim of this work was to study the usefulness of human β-defensins 2 (BD-2) and 3 (BD-3),... more The main aim of this work was to study the usefulness of human β-defensins 2 (BD-2) and 3 (BD-3), which are part of the innate immune system, in the treatment of infected ischemic skin flaps. We investigated the effect of transducing rat ischemic skin flaps with lentiviral vectors encoding human BD-2, BD-3, or both BD-2 and BD-3, to increase flap survival in the context of a P. aeruginosa infection associated with a foreign body. The secondary endpoints assessed were: bacterial counts, and biofilm formation on the surface of the foreign body. A local ischemic environment was created by producing arterialized venous flaps in the left epigastric region of rats. Flaps were intentionally infected by placing underneath them two catheters with 105 CFU of P. aeruginosa before the surgical wounds were hermetically closed. Flap biopsies were performed 3 and 7 days post-operatively, and the specimens submitted to immunohistochemical analysis for BD-2 and BD-3, as well as to bacterial quantifi...
AbstractBackground Sacral nerve stimulation is a common treatment for various pelvic floor disord... more AbstractBackground Sacral nerve stimulation is a common treatment for various pelvic floor disorders. It consists of the percutaneous introduction of electrodes through the posterior sacral foramina for therapeutic stimulation of the target sacral spinal nerve. The aim of our study was to determine the surface anatomical landmarks of the sacrum to facilitate identification of the posterior sacral foramina.MethodsThis study was conducted on 20 human cadavers. The cadavers were placed in a prone position, and all the soft tissues of the sacral region were removed to allow exposure of the osseous structures. Different measurements were taken in relation to the posterior sacral foramina, the posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS) and the median sacral crest (MSC). A median coefficient of variation (CV) was determined.ResultsThe diameter of the second sacral foramen showed the greatest variability. The distances between each individual foramen and the MSC had an acceptable variability (CV < 20%). In contrast, the distance between foramina had a high variability. The distance between PSIS and the second posterior sacral foramen was also found to have an acceptable variability (CV < 20%). However, the angle formed by an horizontal line between PSIS and a line between PSIS and S2 foramina had high variability.ConclusionsWe found that the distance between sacral foramina and MSC is relatively constant while the distance between foramina and the relations between foramina and PSIS is highly variable. Detailed knowledge of the anatomy may facilitate electrode placement and is complementary to the regular use of fluoroscopy.
The venous drainage of the human testis consists of two oppositely oriented currents towards and ... more The venous drainage of the human testis consists of two oppositely oriented currents towards and away from the mediastinum testis. These centrifugal and centripetal currents have been known and studied since the nineteenth century. Based on our own observations of 35 human testes prepared by the technique of serial cleared thick sections oriented in three axial body planes, we describe a submediastinal venous plexus, located on the deep surface of the mediastinum, receiving its tributaries from within the parenchyma and giving off collaterals to form the pampiniform plexus. We propose the name coronary submediastinal venous plexus owing to its most characteristic disposition
VARIAÇÕES ANATÔMICAS: O AVANÇO DA CIÊNCIA NO BRASIL, 2023
O presente estudo do nervo radial por revisão e classificação das principais variações anatómicas... more O presente estudo do nervo radial por revisão e classificação das principais variações anatómicas, em relação com os pontos de compressão ou lesão, fundamenta-se em dissecções humanas efetuadas em Teatro Anatómico de Lisboa, Pernambuco, Santiago do Chile e Varsóvia. É apresentada revisão histórica e bibliográfica dos principais achados anatómicos referentes, desde o século XVI, completando com atualização clinico-cirúrgica acerca das principais aplicações clínicas, como o manejo de síndromes compressivas. As lesões por estiramento do nervo radial resultam, em geral, de fraturas diafisárias umerais, ou na sequência das manipulações ortopédicas de reparação. As lesões compressivas do nervo surgem nos pontos de relação com outras estruturas envolventes, musculares, tendinosas ou fasciais, e variam na sintomatologia, consoante sejam lesadas fibras sensitivas e/ou motoras. A compressão do ramo interósseo posterior (ramo motor), a nível da arcada do músculo supinador produz sintomas motores com afeção do grupo muscular póstero-lateral do antebraço, como “mão pendente” (Síndrome do supinador); A compressão do ramo anterior, sensitivo, ao nível do “túnel radial”, no trajeto profundo do nervo, ou no ponto em que o nervo emerge superficialmente, por perfuração da fáscia para se tornar subcutâneo, cursando com queixas sensitivas sem afeção motora (síndrome de Wartenberg). A anatomia clínica do nervo radial é menos explorada, modernamente, por comparação com a clínica de síndromes compressivas do nervo mediano, o que acresce ao interesse pelo estudo anatómico do nervo, pela maior dificuldade de preparação.
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