The declining trend of male fecundity is a major global health and social concern. Among numerous... more The declining trend of male fecundity is a major global health and social concern. Among numerous other confounding factors, variations in male fertility parameters in different regions have repeatedly been suggested to be influenced by geographic locations. The impact of overall lifestyle, behavioural patterns, ethnicity, work stress and associated factors upon health differ greatly between developed and developing countries. These factors, individually or in combination, affect male reproductive functions ensuing the discrepancies in semen qualities in connection with geographic variations. However, reports comparing semen characteristics between developed and developing countries are sparse. The present study finds its novelty in presenting a comparison in semen parameters of infertile men in the United States (n = 76) that fairly represents the population of a highly developed region and Iraq (n = 102), the representative of male populations of a developing region. Samples were collected and analysed according to WHO (WHO laboratory manual for the examination and processing of human semen, WHO; 2010) criteria by means of the Mann–Whitney test. The US population demonstrated lower sperm concentration, total count, and total and progressive sperm motility with a higher seminal total antioxidant capacity (TAC) as compared to the Iraqi population. This report encourages further investigations concerning the confounding factors leading to such alterations in semen qualities between these two geographic areas.
The current WHO 2010 manual for human semen analysis defines leukocytospermia as the presence of ... more The current WHO 2010 manual for human semen analysis defines leukocytospermia as the presence of peroxidase-positive leukocytes at a concentration >1×10⁶/mL of semen. Granular leukocytes when activated are capable of generating high levels of reactive oxygen species in semen resulting in oxidative stress. Oxidative stress has been correlated with poor sperm quality, increased level of sperm DNA fragmentation and low fertility potential. The presence of leukocytes and pathogens in the semen may be a sign of infection and/or localized inflammatory response in the male genital tract and the accessory glands. Common uro-pathogens including Chlamydia trachomatis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Mycoplasma hominis, and Escherichia coli can cause epididymitis, epididymo-orchitis, or prostatitis. The relationship between leukocytospermia and infection is unclear. Therefore, we describe the pathogens responsible for male genital tract infections and their association with l...
It is very important to identify the factors which affect normal sperm functions. New Bio-chemica... more It is very important to identify the factors which affect normal sperm functions. New Bio-chemical parameters in seminal plasma were analyzed to determine the biochemical factors that affect normal sperm function. The research groups consists of infertile groups Asthenozoospermia (n=31) and Normozoospermia (n=27) with a healthy men as a control (n=24). The patients have been selected and examined according to the World Health Organization (2010). In addition the seminal fluid analysis the biochemical parameters were analyzed in the seminal plasma of each sample including; Total antioxidant capacity, Catalase, Glutathione Reductase , glutathione and Malondialdehyde.Results showed a decrease in seminal plasma total antioxidant capacity of Astheno-zoospermia and Normozoospermia , and a significance decrease in catalase level for both infertile groups, Malondialdehyde level significantly increased in both infertile groups and Glutathione level significantly decreased in Asthenozoospermi...
In the modern world about 15% couples are unable conceive due to infertility. Male factor inferti... more In the modern world about 15% couples are unable conceive due to infertility. Male factor infertility contributes half of all infertility cases. Poor sperm quality is the main cause in male infertility. Recent researches focused on the chemical composition of seminal plasma to explain the causes of low sperm quality. In the present study, semen samples from 106 infertile men [oligoasthenozoospermia OSZ ((n=38), asthenozoospermia ASZ (n=27) and normozoospermia NOZ (n=41)] and 25 fertile men were analyzed using computer-aided sperm analysis (CASA) system. concentrations of selected trace elements viz. Ca, Cu, Fe, Zn, Mg, Mo, Ni and Se in all the samples were determined using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy , and the associations between the concentrations of trace elements with that of sperm concentration, motility and morphology were investigated. Results were analyzed statistically via ANOVA using Minitab statistic program version 15. Results revealed that w...
Background Oxidative stress has been implicated in male infertility through decrease in sperm qua... more Background Oxidative stress has been implicated in male infertility through decrease in sperm quality. However, men with normal semen parameters (normozoospermia) may be unable to fertilize their partners even when they have normal sperm function. Thus, they would be considered infertile. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of unexplained male infertility. Methods In this case–control study, infertile men with normozoospermia (n = 46) and fertile control group (n = 21) underwent seminal fluid analyses according to WHO 2010 criteria. Serum and seminal plasma levels of total antioxidant capacity (TAC), glutathione, malondialdehyde, uric acid and albumin were also measured using colorimetric methods. Results The level of total antioxidant capacity in both serum and seminal plasma was significantly lower in normozoospermic infertile men in comparison with fertile group (p
The declining trend of male fecundity is a major global health and social concern. Among numerous... more The declining trend of male fecundity is a major global health and social concern. Among numerous other confounding factors, variations in male fertility parameters in different regions have repeatedly been suggested to be influenced by geographic locations. The impact of overall lifestyle, behavioural patterns, ethnicity, work stress and associated factors upon health differ greatly between developed and developing countries. These factors, individually or in combination, affect male reproductive functions ensuing the discrepancies in semen qualities in connection with geographic variations. However, reports comparing semen characteristics between developed and developing countries are sparse. The present study finds its novelty in presenting a comparison in semen parameters of infertile men in the United States (n = 76) that fairly represents the population of a highly developed region and Iraq (n = 102), the representative of male populations of a developing region. Samples were collected and analysed according to WHO (WHO laboratory manual for the examination and processing of human semen, WHO; 2010) criteria by means of the Mann–Whitney test. The US population demonstrated lower sperm concentration, total count, and total and progressive sperm motility with a higher seminal total antioxidant capacity (TAC) as compared to the Iraqi population. This report encourages further investigations concerning the confounding factors leading to such alterations in semen qualities between these two geographic areas.
The declining trend of male fecundity is a major global health and social concern. Among numerous... more The declining trend of male fecundity is a major global health and social concern. Among numerous other confounding factors, variations in male fertility parameters in different regions have repeatedly been suggested to be influenced by geographic locations. The impact of overall lifestyle, behavioural patterns, ethnicity, work stress and associated factors upon health differ greatly between developed and developing countries. These factors, individually or in combination, affect male reproductive functions ensuing the discrepancies in semen qualities in connection with geographic variations. However, reports comparing semen characteristics between developed and developing countries are sparse. The present study finds its novelty in presenting a comparison in semen parameters of infertile men in the United States (n = 76) that fairly represents the population of a highly developed region and Iraq (n = 102), the representative of male populations of a developing region. Samples were collected and analysed according to WHO (WHO laboratory manual for the examination and processing of human semen, WHO; 2010) criteria by means of the Mann–Whitney test. The US population demonstrated lower sperm concentration, total count, and total and progressive sperm motility with a higher seminal total antioxidant capacity (TAC) as compared to the Iraqi population. This report encourages further investigations concerning the confounding factors leading to such alterations in semen qualities between these two geographic areas.
The current WHO 2010 manual for human semen analysis defines leukocytospermia as the presence of ... more The current WHO 2010 manual for human semen analysis defines leukocytospermia as the presence of peroxidase-positive leukocytes at a concentration >1×10⁶/mL of semen. Granular leukocytes when activated are capable of generating high levels of reactive oxygen species in semen resulting in oxidative stress. Oxidative stress has been correlated with poor sperm quality, increased level of sperm DNA fragmentation and low fertility potential. The presence of leukocytes and pathogens in the semen may be a sign of infection and/or localized inflammatory response in the male genital tract and the accessory glands. Common uro-pathogens including Chlamydia trachomatis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Mycoplasma hominis, and Escherichia coli can cause epididymitis, epididymo-orchitis, or prostatitis. The relationship between leukocytospermia and infection is unclear. Therefore, we describe the pathogens responsible for male genital tract infections and their association with l...
It is very important to identify the factors which affect normal sperm functions. New Bio-chemica... more It is very important to identify the factors which affect normal sperm functions. New Bio-chemical parameters in seminal plasma were analyzed to determine the biochemical factors that affect normal sperm function. The research groups consists of infertile groups Asthenozoospermia (n=31) and Normozoospermia (n=27) with a healthy men as a control (n=24). The patients have been selected and examined according to the World Health Organization (2010). In addition the seminal fluid analysis the biochemical parameters were analyzed in the seminal plasma of each sample including; Total antioxidant capacity, Catalase, Glutathione Reductase , glutathione and Malondialdehyde.Results showed a decrease in seminal plasma total antioxidant capacity of Astheno-zoospermia and Normozoospermia , and a significance decrease in catalase level for both infertile groups, Malondialdehyde level significantly increased in both infertile groups and Glutathione level significantly decreased in Asthenozoospermi...
In the modern world about 15% couples are unable conceive due to infertility. Male factor inferti... more In the modern world about 15% couples are unable conceive due to infertility. Male factor infertility contributes half of all infertility cases. Poor sperm quality is the main cause in male infertility. Recent researches focused on the chemical composition of seminal plasma to explain the causes of low sperm quality. In the present study, semen samples from 106 infertile men [oligoasthenozoospermia OSZ ((n=38), asthenozoospermia ASZ (n=27) and normozoospermia NOZ (n=41)] and 25 fertile men were analyzed using computer-aided sperm analysis (CASA) system. concentrations of selected trace elements viz. Ca, Cu, Fe, Zn, Mg, Mo, Ni and Se in all the samples were determined using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy , and the associations between the concentrations of trace elements with that of sperm concentration, motility and morphology were investigated. Results were analyzed statistically via ANOVA using Minitab statistic program version 15. Results revealed that w...
Background Oxidative stress has been implicated in male infertility through decrease in sperm qua... more Background Oxidative stress has been implicated in male infertility through decrease in sperm quality. However, men with normal semen parameters (normozoospermia) may be unable to fertilize their partners even when they have normal sperm function. Thus, they would be considered infertile. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of unexplained male infertility. Methods In this case–control study, infertile men with normozoospermia (n = 46) and fertile control group (n = 21) underwent seminal fluid analyses according to WHO 2010 criteria. Serum and seminal plasma levels of total antioxidant capacity (TAC), glutathione, malondialdehyde, uric acid and albumin were also measured using colorimetric methods. Results The level of total antioxidant capacity in both serum and seminal plasma was significantly lower in normozoospermic infertile men in comparison with fertile group (p
The declining trend of male fecundity is a major global health and social concern. Among numerous... more The declining trend of male fecundity is a major global health and social concern. Among numerous other confounding factors, variations in male fertility parameters in different regions have repeatedly been suggested to be influenced by geographic locations. The impact of overall lifestyle, behavioural patterns, ethnicity, work stress and associated factors upon health differ greatly between developed and developing countries. These factors, individually or in combination, affect male reproductive functions ensuing the discrepancies in semen qualities in connection with geographic variations. However, reports comparing semen characteristics between developed and developing countries are sparse. The present study finds its novelty in presenting a comparison in semen parameters of infertile men in the United States (n = 76) that fairly represents the population of a highly developed region and Iraq (n = 102), the representative of male populations of a developing region. Samples were collected and analysed according to WHO (WHO laboratory manual for the examination and processing of human semen, WHO; 2010) criteria by means of the Mann–Whitney test. The US population demonstrated lower sperm concentration, total count, and total and progressive sperm motility with a higher seminal total antioxidant capacity (TAC) as compared to the Iraqi population. This report encourages further investigations concerning the confounding factors leading to such alterations in semen qualities between these two geographic areas.
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Research and Review Articles by Ayad Palani
Papers by Ayad Palani