BackgroundThe high‐frequency ultrasonographic appearance of skin of dogs with atopic dermatitis (... more BackgroundThe high‐frequency ultrasonographic appearance of skin of dogs with atopic dermatitis (cAD) has not been described.ObjectivesTo compare high‐frequency ultrasonographic findings among lesional, macroscopically nonlesional skin of dogs with cAD, and the macroscopically nonlesional skin of healthy dogs. Additionally, to determine whether there is any correlation between the ultrasonographic findings in lesional skin and local Canine Atopic Dermatitis Extent and Severity Index, 4th iteration (CADESI‐04) or its domains (erythema, lichenification, excoriations/alopecia). As a secondary aim, six cAD dogs were re‐evaluated after management intervention.AnimalsTwenty dogs with cAD (six were re‐examined after treatment) and six healthy dogs.Materials and MethodsIn all dogs, ultrasonographic examination was performed on the same 10 skin sites, using a 50 MHz transducer. Wrinkling of skin surface, presence/width of subepidermal low echogenic band, hypoechogenicity of dermis and thickness of the skin were evaluated and scored/measured blindly.ResultsDermal hypoechogenicity was more common and severe in lesional compared to macroscopically nonlesional skin of dogs with cAD. In lesional skin, presence/severity of wrinkling of skin surface and of dermal hypoechogenicity were positively correlated with presence/severity of lichenification, while severity of dermal hypoechogenicity was positively correlated with local CADESI‐04. A positive correlation between the change in skin thickness and the change in the severity of erythema during treatment was noted.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceHigh‐frequency ultrasound biomicroscopy may be useful for the evaluation of skin of dogs with cAD and for evaluating the progression of skin lesions during treatment.
Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Jun 3, 2016
Case 1 A 16-year-old, 6.8 kg, castrated male Domestic Short-haired cat was presented to Louisiana... more Case 1 A 16-year-old, 6.8 kg, castrated male Domestic Short-haired cat was presented to Louisiana State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital with a 3-day history of progressive ataxia, tetraparesis, and altered mentation. The owner did not report having observed evidence of polyuria or polydipsia. The cat had been diagnosed with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) 4 years earlier and was receiving atenolol, benazepril, and aspirin. Dull mentation, patchy truncal alopecia, and a grade III of VI systolic heart murmur were noted during the physical examination. The neurologic examination revealed ambulatory tetraparesis that was more severe in the pelvic limbs, plantigrade stance, proprioceptive deficits in all limbs, and positional vertical nystagmus. The CBC, biochemistry profile, and abdominal ultrasound were unremarkable. The blood glucose concentration measured with the chemistry analyzer was 130 mg/dL (7.2 mmol/L). Subsequent blood glucose measurements (n = 6) using a glucometer validated for use in cats a ranged from 122 mg/dL (6.7 mmol/L) to 159 mg/dL (8.7 mmol/L) during the 5-day period the cat was hospitalized. These blood glucose concentrations combined with a normal serum fructosamine concentration (228 lmol/L, RI 192-288) ruled out overt diabetes mellitus (DM).
Journal of Veterinary Medical Education, Apr 1, 2007
The Infectious Diseases Data Observatory (IDDO, https://www.iddo.org) has launched a clinical dat... more The Infectious Diseases Data Observatory (IDDO, https://www.iddo.org) has launched a clinical data platform for the collation, curation, standardisation and reuse of individual participant data (IPD) on treatments for two of the most globally important neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), schistosomiasis (SCH) and soiltransmitted helminthiases (STHs). This initiative aims to harness the power of data-sharing by facilitating collaborative joint analyses of pooled datasets to generate robust evidence on the efficacy and safety of anthelminthic treatment regimens. A crucial component of this endeavour has been the development of a Research Agenda to
Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society, Oct 30, 2019
Caudal cruciate ligament (CaCL) rupture is uncommon in dogs and usually occurs with a concurrent ... more Caudal cruciate ligament (CaCL) rupture is uncommon in dogs and usually occurs with a concurrent rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL). A 10-month-old cross-bred dog was presented with left hind limb lameness. Orthopaedic examination revealed positive craniocaudal drawer sign in the left stifle. Arthrotomy confirmed CrCL rupture, and showed CaCL avulsion fracture at its origin. The stifle was stabilized using extracapsular lateral fabellotibial suture. Eight months postoperatively the dog was free of obvious lameness and remained sound until the last re-evaluation (3 years). This case raises the possibility that restoration of the CaCL function is not always essential for animals' successful outcome.
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Surgery, Jan 21, 2008
... 10. Lamb CR. Recent developments in diagnostic imaging of the gastrointestinal tract of the d... more ... 10. Lamb CR. Recent developments in diagnostic imaging of the gastrointestinal tract of the dog and cat. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 1999;29: 307-342. 11. Nyland TG, Mattoon JS, Wisner ER. ... Dig Dis Sci 1995; 40: 2152-2161. 21. McEntee G, Leahy A, Cottell D, et al. ...
Ultrasonography of the Urinary System Ultrasonographic examination of the urinary tract is common... more Ultrasonography of the Urinary System Ultrasonographic examination of the urinary tract is commonplace in veterinary medicine. Indications to perform an ultrasonographic examination of the urinary tract include: serum biochemistry findings, physical findings, species or age-related indications (e.g. breeds with familial renal disease, suspicion of congenital abnormalities in young animals) and radiographic findings that include abnormal appearing kidneys and/ or urinary bladder. Examination Technique For most dogs a 5-7.5MHz transducer is adequate while a 7.5-10MHz transducer is adequate for cats. For large and giant breeds of dogs a 3.5 MHz transducer may be required. The animal can be positioned in dorsal or lateral recumbency (the technique will be described with the assumption that the animal is in lateral recumbency however a similar technique can be applied with the animal positioned in dorsal recumbency). Preparation of the abdomen includes clipping the hair and applying acoustic coupling gel on the skin. The transducer positioned at the level of the expected location of the kidney, usually caudal to the last rib at the level of the dorsal abdomen near the spine for the left and at the level of the last intercostal space or just behind the last rib for the right kidney. Images in sagittal, dorsal and transverse plane can be acquired. Full examination by means of sliding and/ or angling the probe in a way that the whole kidney is examined in at least two planes (sagittal or dorsal and transverse) is recommended. In the sagittal plane the cortex, medulla and two hyperechoic lines (representing the peripelvic fibrous tissue), can be identified. In the dorsal plane the cortex and medulla of the kidney and the area of the renal pelvis can be identified along with the renal diverticulli. On the
Entrevista con Panagiotis (Pete) Mantis, autor de la obra Ecografia practica en pequenos animales... more Entrevista con Panagiotis (Pete) Mantis, autor de la obra Ecografia practica en pequenos animales. Abdomen, una nueva publicacion de Servet sobre ecografia abdominal en animales de compania.
Infection by Taenia solium poses a major burden across endemic countries. The World Health Organi... more Infection by Taenia solium poses a major burden across endemic countries. The World Health Organization (WHO) 2021-2030 Neglected Tropical Diseases roadmap has proposed that 30% of endemic countries achieve intensified T. solium control in hyperendemic areas by 2030. Understanding geographical variation in age-prevalence profiles and force-of-infection (FoI) estimates will inform intervention designs across settings. Human taeniasis (HTT) and human cysticercosis (HCC) age-prevalence data from 16 studies in Latin America, Africa, and Asia were extracted through a systematic review. Catalytic models, incorporating diagnostic performance uncertainty, were fitted to the data using Bayesian methods, to estimate rates of antibody (Ab)-seroconversion, infection acquisition and Ab-seroreversion or infection loss. HCC FoI and Ab-seroreversion rates were also estimated across 23 departments in Colombia from 28,100 individuals. Across settings, there was extensive variation in all-ages seroprevalence. Evidence for Ab-seroreversion or infection loss was found in most settings for both HTT and HCC and for HCC Ab-seroreversion in Colombia. The average duration until humans became Ab-seropositive/infected decreased as all-age (sero) prevalence increased. There was no clear relationship between the average duration humans remain Ab-seropositive and all-age seroprevalence. Marked geographical heterogeneity in T. solium transmission rates indicate the need for setting-specific intervention strategies to achieve the WHO goals. Editor's evaluation Dixon and colleagues have collated published "age-prevalence" data from 16 studies (4 from South America, 8 from Africa, and 4 from Asia) to estimate the force of infection of taeniasis/human cysticercosis across diverse endemic settings. This study addresses a major knowledge gap, as little is currently known regarding the extent of current/recent Taenia solium transmission worldwide. The
The identity of the cells that form the periosteum during development is controversial with curre... more The identity of the cells that form the periosteum during development is controversial with current dogma suggesting these are derived from a Sox9-positive progenitor. Herein, we characterize a newly created Prrx1eGFP reporter transgenic mouse line during limb formation and postnatally. Interestingly, in the embryo Prrx1eGFP-labeled cells become restricted around the Sox9-positive cartilage anlage without themselves becoming Sox9-positive. In the adult, the Prrx1eGFP transgene live labels a subpopulation of cells within the periosteum that are enriched at specific sites, and this population is diminished in aged mice. The green fluorescent protein (GFP)-labeled subpopulation can be isolated using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and represents approximately 8% of all isolated periosteal cells. The GFP-labeled subpopulation is significantly more osteogenic than unlabeled, GFP-negative periosteal cells. In addition, the osteogenic and chondrogenic capacity of periosteal cells in vitro can be extended with the addition of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) to the expansion media. We provide evidence to suggest that osteoblasts contributing to cortical bone formation in the embryo originate from Prrx1eGFP-positive cells within the perichondrium, which possibly piggyback on invading vascular cells and secrete new bone matrix. In summary, the Prrx1eGFP mouse is a powerful tool to visualize and isolate periosteal cells and to quantify their properties in the embryo and adult.
Meningoencephalocele is a protrusion of meninges and brain through an opening in the cranium; in ... more Meningoencephalocele is a protrusion of meninges and brain through an opening in the cranium; in humans it may be congenital, traumatic, neoplastic or idiopathic, whilst in small animals only congenital form has been reported. A 3-year-old, client-owned, neutered male DSH cat was referred with one-month history of three generalized tonic-clonic seizures and intermittent left thoracic limb spontaneous knuckling. Nine months ago, the animal had been bitten on the head by a wild carnivore. Prior to the traumatic event the cat was reported to be neurologically normal. On admission, physical examination was unremarkable. Neurological examination revealed left hemi-neglect syndrome, characterised by decreased postural reactions on the left thoracic and pelvic limb, and absent menace bilaterally, most likely post-ictal. Neuroanatomical localisation was right forebrain. Haematology, biochemistry and bile acid stimulation test were unremarkable. Blood serology for Toxoplasma gondii, FIV, FeLV and FCoV were all negative. MRI of the head revealed protrusion of brain and meninges into the right frontal sinus, mild meningeal contrast uptake of the protruding tissue and the adjacent brain in the calvarium. CSF analysis was unremarkable. Final diagnosis was traumatic frontoethmoidal meningoencephalocele with late-onset forebrain syndrome due to presumptive post-traumatic encephalomalacia. The cat remained seizure-free on the four-month follow-up. This is the first report of traumatic meningoencephalocele in small animals. The finding in this case emphasizes the importance of a complete neurological investigation in patients with history of head trauma despite the absence of initial neurological signs. Differentials for delayed neurological signs after traumatic meningoencephalocele include encephalomalacia, recurrent meningitis with/without CSF rhinorrhea or cerebral ischaemic infarction
Naturally occurring diabetes mellitus (DM) is common in domestic cats (Felis catus). It has been ... more Naturally occurring diabetes mellitus (DM) is common in domestic cats (Felis catus). It has been proposed as a model for human Type 2 DM given many shared features. Small case studies demonstrate feline DM also occurs as a result of insulin resistance due to a somato-trophinoma. The current study estimates the prevalence of hypersomatotropism or acro-megaly in the largest cohort of diabetic cats to date, evaluates clinical presentation and ease of recognition. Diabetic cats were screened for hypersomatotropism using serum total insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1; radioimmunoassay), followed by further evaluation of a subset of cases with suggestive IGF-1 (>1000 ng/ml) through pituitary imaging and / or histo-pathology. Clinicians indicated pre-test suspicion for hypersomatotropism. In total 1221 dia-betic cats were screened; 319 (26.1%) demonstrated a serum IGF-1>1000 ng/ml (95% confidence interval: 23.6–28.6%). Of these cats a subset of 63 (20%) underwent pituitary imaging a...
Ultrasonographic examination of the urinary tract is commonplace in veterinary medicine. Indicati... more Ultrasonographic examination of the urinary tract is commonplace in veterinary medicine. Indications to perform an ultrasonographic examination of the urinary tract include: serum biochemistry findings, physical findings, species or age-related indications (e.g. breeds with familial renal disease, suspicion of congenital abnormalities in young animals) and radiographic findings that include abnormal appearing kidneys and/ or urinary bladder.
BackgroundThe high‐frequency ultrasonographic appearance of skin of dogs with atopic dermatitis (... more BackgroundThe high‐frequency ultrasonographic appearance of skin of dogs with atopic dermatitis (cAD) has not been described.ObjectivesTo compare high‐frequency ultrasonographic findings among lesional, macroscopically nonlesional skin of dogs with cAD, and the macroscopically nonlesional skin of healthy dogs. Additionally, to determine whether there is any correlation between the ultrasonographic findings in lesional skin and local Canine Atopic Dermatitis Extent and Severity Index, 4th iteration (CADESI‐04) or its domains (erythema, lichenification, excoriations/alopecia). As a secondary aim, six cAD dogs were re‐evaluated after management intervention.AnimalsTwenty dogs with cAD (six were re‐examined after treatment) and six healthy dogs.Materials and MethodsIn all dogs, ultrasonographic examination was performed on the same 10 skin sites, using a 50 MHz transducer. Wrinkling of skin surface, presence/width of subepidermal low echogenic band, hypoechogenicity of dermis and thickness of the skin were evaluated and scored/measured blindly.ResultsDermal hypoechogenicity was more common and severe in lesional compared to macroscopically nonlesional skin of dogs with cAD. In lesional skin, presence/severity of wrinkling of skin surface and of dermal hypoechogenicity were positively correlated with presence/severity of lichenification, while severity of dermal hypoechogenicity was positively correlated with local CADESI‐04. A positive correlation between the change in skin thickness and the change in the severity of erythema during treatment was noted.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceHigh‐frequency ultrasound biomicroscopy may be useful for the evaluation of skin of dogs with cAD and for evaluating the progression of skin lesions during treatment.
Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Jun 3, 2016
Case 1 A 16-year-old, 6.8 kg, castrated male Domestic Short-haired cat was presented to Louisiana... more Case 1 A 16-year-old, 6.8 kg, castrated male Domestic Short-haired cat was presented to Louisiana State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital with a 3-day history of progressive ataxia, tetraparesis, and altered mentation. The owner did not report having observed evidence of polyuria or polydipsia. The cat had been diagnosed with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) 4 years earlier and was receiving atenolol, benazepril, and aspirin. Dull mentation, patchy truncal alopecia, and a grade III of VI systolic heart murmur were noted during the physical examination. The neurologic examination revealed ambulatory tetraparesis that was more severe in the pelvic limbs, plantigrade stance, proprioceptive deficits in all limbs, and positional vertical nystagmus. The CBC, biochemistry profile, and abdominal ultrasound were unremarkable. The blood glucose concentration measured with the chemistry analyzer was 130 mg/dL (7.2 mmol/L). Subsequent blood glucose measurements (n = 6) using a glucometer validated for use in cats a ranged from 122 mg/dL (6.7 mmol/L) to 159 mg/dL (8.7 mmol/L) during the 5-day period the cat was hospitalized. These blood glucose concentrations combined with a normal serum fructosamine concentration (228 lmol/L, RI 192-288) ruled out overt diabetes mellitus (DM).
Journal of Veterinary Medical Education, Apr 1, 2007
The Infectious Diseases Data Observatory (IDDO, https://www.iddo.org) has launched a clinical dat... more The Infectious Diseases Data Observatory (IDDO, https://www.iddo.org) has launched a clinical data platform for the collation, curation, standardisation and reuse of individual participant data (IPD) on treatments for two of the most globally important neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), schistosomiasis (SCH) and soiltransmitted helminthiases (STHs). This initiative aims to harness the power of data-sharing by facilitating collaborative joint analyses of pooled datasets to generate robust evidence on the efficacy and safety of anthelminthic treatment regimens. A crucial component of this endeavour has been the development of a Research Agenda to
Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society, Oct 30, 2019
Caudal cruciate ligament (CaCL) rupture is uncommon in dogs and usually occurs with a concurrent ... more Caudal cruciate ligament (CaCL) rupture is uncommon in dogs and usually occurs with a concurrent rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL). A 10-month-old cross-bred dog was presented with left hind limb lameness. Orthopaedic examination revealed positive craniocaudal drawer sign in the left stifle. Arthrotomy confirmed CrCL rupture, and showed CaCL avulsion fracture at its origin. The stifle was stabilized using extracapsular lateral fabellotibial suture. Eight months postoperatively the dog was free of obvious lameness and remained sound until the last re-evaluation (3 years). This case raises the possibility that restoration of the CaCL function is not always essential for animals' successful outcome.
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Surgery, Jan 21, 2008
... 10. Lamb CR. Recent developments in diagnostic imaging of the gastrointestinal tract of the d... more ... 10. Lamb CR. Recent developments in diagnostic imaging of the gastrointestinal tract of the dog and cat. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 1999;29: 307-342. 11. Nyland TG, Mattoon JS, Wisner ER. ... Dig Dis Sci 1995; 40: 2152-2161. 21. McEntee G, Leahy A, Cottell D, et al. ...
Ultrasonography of the Urinary System Ultrasonographic examination of the urinary tract is common... more Ultrasonography of the Urinary System Ultrasonographic examination of the urinary tract is commonplace in veterinary medicine. Indications to perform an ultrasonographic examination of the urinary tract include: serum biochemistry findings, physical findings, species or age-related indications (e.g. breeds with familial renal disease, suspicion of congenital abnormalities in young animals) and radiographic findings that include abnormal appearing kidneys and/ or urinary bladder. Examination Technique For most dogs a 5-7.5MHz transducer is adequate while a 7.5-10MHz transducer is adequate for cats. For large and giant breeds of dogs a 3.5 MHz transducer may be required. The animal can be positioned in dorsal or lateral recumbency (the technique will be described with the assumption that the animal is in lateral recumbency however a similar technique can be applied with the animal positioned in dorsal recumbency). Preparation of the abdomen includes clipping the hair and applying acoustic coupling gel on the skin. The transducer positioned at the level of the expected location of the kidney, usually caudal to the last rib at the level of the dorsal abdomen near the spine for the left and at the level of the last intercostal space or just behind the last rib for the right kidney. Images in sagittal, dorsal and transverse plane can be acquired. Full examination by means of sliding and/ or angling the probe in a way that the whole kidney is examined in at least two planes (sagittal or dorsal and transverse) is recommended. In the sagittal plane the cortex, medulla and two hyperechoic lines (representing the peripelvic fibrous tissue), can be identified. In the dorsal plane the cortex and medulla of the kidney and the area of the renal pelvis can be identified along with the renal diverticulli. On the
Entrevista con Panagiotis (Pete) Mantis, autor de la obra Ecografia practica en pequenos animales... more Entrevista con Panagiotis (Pete) Mantis, autor de la obra Ecografia practica en pequenos animales. Abdomen, una nueva publicacion de Servet sobre ecografia abdominal en animales de compania.
Infection by Taenia solium poses a major burden across endemic countries. The World Health Organi... more Infection by Taenia solium poses a major burden across endemic countries. The World Health Organization (WHO) 2021-2030 Neglected Tropical Diseases roadmap has proposed that 30% of endemic countries achieve intensified T. solium control in hyperendemic areas by 2030. Understanding geographical variation in age-prevalence profiles and force-of-infection (FoI) estimates will inform intervention designs across settings. Human taeniasis (HTT) and human cysticercosis (HCC) age-prevalence data from 16 studies in Latin America, Africa, and Asia were extracted through a systematic review. Catalytic models, incorporating diagnostic performance uncertainty, were fitted to the data using Bayesian methods, to estimate rates of antibody (Ab)-seroconversion, infection acquisition and Ab-seroreversion or infection loss. HCC FoI and Ab-seroreversion rates were also estimated across 23 departments in Colombia from 28,100 individuals. Across settings, there was extensive variation in all-ages seroprevalence. Evidence for Ab-seroreversion or infection loss was found in most settings for both HTT and HCC and for HCC Ab-seroreversion in Colombia. The average duration until humans became Ab-seropositive/infected decreased as all-age (sero) prevalence increased. There was no clear relationship between the average duration humans remain Ab-seropositive and all-age seroprevalence. Marked geographical heterogeneity in T. solium transmission rates indicate the need for setting-specific intervention strategies to achieve the WHO goals. Editor's evaluation Dixon and colleagues have collated published "age-prevalence" data from 16 studies (4 from South America, 8 from Africa, and 4 from Asia) to estimate the force of infection of taeniasis/human cysticercosis across diverse endemic settings. This study addresses a major knowledge gap, as little is currently known regarding the extent of current/recent Taenia solium transmission worldwide. The
The identity of the cells that form the periosteum during development is controversial with curre... more The identity of the cells that form the periosteum during development is controversial with current dogma suggesting these are derived from a Sox9-positive progenitor. Herein, we characterize a newly created Prrx1eGFP reporter transgenic mouse line during limb formation and postnatally. Interestingly, in the embryo Prrx1eGFP-labeled cells become restricted around the Sox9-positive cartilage anlage without themselves becoming Sox9-positive. In the adult, the Prrx1eGFP transgene live labels a subpopulation of cells within the periosteum that are enriched at specific sites, and this population is diminished in aged mice. The green fluorescent protein (GFP)-labeled subpopulation can be isolated using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and represents approximately 8% of all isolated periosteal cells. The GFP-labeled subpopulation is significantly more osteogenic than unlabeled, GFP-negative periosteal cells. In addition, the osteogenic and chondrogenic capacity of periosteal cells in vitro can be extended with the addition of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) to the expansion media. We provide evidence to suggest that osteoblasts contributing to cortical bone formation in the embryo originate from Prrx1eGFP-positive cells within the perichondrium, which possibly piggyback on invading vascular cells and secrete new bone matrix. In summary, the Prrx1eGFP mouse is a powerful tool to visualize and isolate periosteal cells and to quantify their properties in the embryo and adult.
Meningoencephalocele is a protrusion of meninges and brain through an opening in the cranium; in ... more Meningoencephalocele is a protrusion of meninges and brain through an opening in the cranium; in humans it may be congenital, traumatic, neoplastic or idiopathic, whilst in small animals only congenital form has been reported. A 3-year-old, client-owned, neutered male DSH cat was referred with one-month history of three generalized tonic-clonic seizures and intermittent left thoracic limb spontaneous knuckling. Nine months ago, the animal had been bitten on the head by a wild carnivore. Prior to the traumatic event the cat was reported to be neurologically normal. On admission, physical examination was unremarkable. Neurological examination revealed left hemi-neglect syndrome, characterised by decreased postural reactions on the left thoracic and pelvic limb, and absent menace bilaterally, most likely post-ictal. Neuroanatomical localisation was right forebrain. Haematology, biochemistry and bile acid stimulation test were unremarkable. Blood serology for Toxoplasma gondii, FIV, FeLV and FCoV were all negative. MRI of the head revealed protrusion of brain and meninges into the right frontal sinus, mild meningeal contrast uptake of the protruding tissue and the adjacent brain in the calvarium. CSF analysis was unremarkable. Final diagnosis was traumatic frontoethmoidal meningoencephalocele with late-onset forebrain syndrome due to presumptive post-traumatic encephalomalacia. The cat remained seizure-free on the four-month follow-up. This is the first report of traumatic meningoencephalocele in small animals. The finding in this case emphasizes the importance of a complete neurological investigation in patients with history of head trauma despite the absence of initial neurological signs. Differentials for delayed neurological signs after traumatic meningoencephalocele include encephalomalacia, recurrent meningitis with/without CSF rhinorrhea or cerebral ischaemic infarction
Naturally occurring diabetes mellitus (DM) is common in domestic cats (Felis catus). It has been ... more Naturally occurring diabetes mellitus (DM) is common in domestic cats (Felis catus). It has been proposed as a model for human Type 2 DM given many shared features. Small case studies demonstrate feline DM also occurs as a result of insulin resistance due to a somato-trophinoma. The current study estimates the prevalence of hypersomatotropism or acro-megaly in the largest cohort of diabetic cats to date, evaluates clinical presentation and ease of recognition. Diabetic cats were screened for hypersomatotropism using serum total insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1; radioimmunoassay), followed by further evaluation of a subset of cases with suggestive IGF-1 (>1000 ng/ml) through pituitary imaging and / or histo-pathology. Clinicians indicated pre-test suspicion for hypersomatotropism. In total 1221 dia-betic cats were screened; 319 (26.1%) demonstrated a serum IGF-1>1000 ng/ml (95% confidence interval: 23.6–28.6%). Of these cats a subset of 63 (20%) underwent pituitary imaging a...
Ultrasonographic examination of the urinary tract is commonplace in veterinary medicine. Indicati... more Ultrasonographic examination of the urinary tract is commonplace in veterinary medicine. Indications to perform an ultrasonographic examination of the urinary tract include: serum biochemistry findings, physical findings, species or age-related indications (e.g. breeds with familial renal disease, suspicion of congenital abnormalities in young animals) and radiographic findings that include abnormal appearing kidneys and/ or urinary bladder.
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