Domain ontologies are now commonly used to enable heterogeneous information resources, such as kn... more Domain ontologies are now commonly used to enable heterogeneous information resources, such as knowledge-based systems, to communicate with each other. In this article, we present a classification of ontological mismatches, which represent various ways in which knowledge sharing can be impeded by different decisions made by the developers of different resources. We address some of the ways in which the
There has been much talk of the need to build intermediate models of the expertise required prepa... more There has been much talk of the need to build intermediate models of the expertise required preparatory to constructing a knowledge-based system in the legal domain. Such models offer advantages for verification, validation, maintenance and reuse. As yet, however, few such models have been reported at a useful level of detail. In this paper we describe a method for conceptualising legal domains as well as its application to a substantial fragment of the Dutch Unemployment Benefits Act (DUBA).
This paper addresses the interaction problem with respect to the representation of legal domain k... more This paper addresses the interaction problem with respect to the representation of legal domain knowledge. Two frame structures are designed to represent legal knowledge, with emphasis on legal norms. By applying a number of legal reasoning tasks, it is tested whether the structures allow for a representation that can be used for different purposes. It is found that the structures
Abstract In this paper we ,discuss the ,role of explicit specifications of domain ,conceptualisat... more Abstract In this paper we ,discuss the ,role of explicit specifications of domain ,conceptualisations ,- now popularly called "ontologies" - in,legal i nformation systems. We describe the advantages that accrue from producing an on tology for such systems, as well as the ontologies so far developed which are directed at t he legal domain. We ,then ,illustrate ,how ,taking ,an
The KRAFTproject aims to investigate how a distributed architecture can support the transformatio... more The KRAFTproject aims to investigate how a distributed architecture can support the transformation and reuse of a particular class of knowledge, namely constraints, and to fuse this knowledge so as to gain added value, by using it for constraint solving or data retrieval.
Department of Computer Science, The University of Liverpool, Chadwick Building, Peach Street, Liv... more Department of Computer Science, The University of Liverpool, Chadwick Building, Peach Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZF, UK, tel: +44-151-794 3706, fax: +44-151-794 3715, email: valli@csc.liv.ac.uk SAP AG Entw. HR HRMS Netherlands, PO Box 1461, D-69190 Walldorf, Germany, tel: +49-622776 47 45, fax: +49-6227-77 47 45, email: Pepijn.Visser@sap.com Dipartimento di Informatica, Universita' degli Studi di Bari, Via Orabona, 4, 70126 Bari, Italy, tel: +39-080-544 32 69, fax: +39-080-544 31 96, email: malerba@di.uniba.it BT Adastral Park, Martlesham Heath, Ipswich, Suffolk, IP5 3RE, UK, tel: +44-1473-605 487 fax: +44-1473-605 487, email: dean.m.jones@bt.com
In this article we address the formal specification of the legal ontology of Van Kralingen and Vi... more In this article we address the formal specification of the legal ontology of Van Kralingen and Visser (published in October 1995). We discuss four issues encountered while formalising an informally described ontology, and present an ONTOLINGUA specification of the ontology..
This article presents a structure of multiple shared ontologies to integrate heterogeneous source... more This article presents a structure of multiple shared ontologies to integrate heterogeneous sources. This structure is intended to be easy to implement to maintain and to scale, and also close to the human model of conceptualisation. The structure has been investigate in a small scale experiment set in the domain of the international coffee preparation. The coffee-preparing domain is attractive as it serves to illustrate that different communities may share knowledge at different abstraction levels.
1: Introduction. 2: Problem analysis and applied methods. 3: Selection of domain and tasks. 4: Th... more 1: Introduction. 2: Problem analysis and applied methods. 3: Selection of domain and tasks. 4: The domain specification. 5: Assessment. 6: Planning. Appendices: An assessment problem case a planning problem case.
In this paper we explore the trend towards the production of "ontologies" as part of th... more In this paper we explore the trend towards the production of "ontologies" as part of the development of knowledge based systems, both in general AI and in the legal domain in particular. We discuss four examples of this kind of work in the legal domain and identify areas on which future work might be directed.
Legal ontologies are useful in the design of knowledge systems because they are reusable. A libra... more Legal ontologies are useful in the design of knowledge systems because they are reusable. A library of such ontologies could greatly enhance the development of legal knowledge systems. In this article we address the creation of such a library. In particular, we discuss four legal ontologies and investigate how the ontologies can be indexed and represented in a library.
It is now widely recognised that constructing a domain model, or ontology, is an important step i... more It is now widely recognised that constructing a domain model, or ontology, is an important step in the development of knowledge based systems. What is lacking, however, is a clear understanding of how to build ontologies. In this paper we survey the work which has been done so far in beginning to provide a methodology for building ontologies. This work is still formative, and relies heavily on particular experiences. We also provide some discussion of this work, and identify the key issues that must be addressed if we are to move on from ontology construction being an art and to make it an understood engineering process.
Domain ontologies are now commonly used to enable heterogeneous information resources, such as kn... more Domain ontologies are now commonly used to enable heterogeneous information resources, such as knowledge-based systems, to communicate with each other. In this article, we present a classification of ontological mismatches, which represent various ways in which knowledge sharing can be impeded by different decisions made by the developers of different resources. We address some of the ways in which the
There has been much talk of the need to build intermediate models of the expertise required prepa... more There has been much talk of the need to build intermediate models of the expertise required preparatory to constructing a knowledge-based system in the legal domain. Such models offer advantages for verification, validation, maintenance and reuse. As yet, however, few such models have been reported at a useful level of detail. In this paper we describe a method for conceptualising legal domains as well as its application to a substantial fragment of the Dutch Unemployment Benefits Act (DUBA).
This paper addresses the interaction problem with respect to the representation of legal domain k... more This paper addresses the interaction problem with respect to the representation of legal domain knowledge. Two frame structures are designed to represent legal knowledge, with emphasis on legal norms. By applying a number of legal reasoning tasks, it is tested whether the structures allow for a representation that can be used for different purposes. It is found that the structures
Abstract In this paper we ,discuss the ,role of explicit specifications of domain ,conceptualisat... more Abstract In this paper we ,discuss the ,role of explicit specifications of domain ,conceptualisations ,- now popularly called "ontologies" - in,legal i nformation systems. We describe the advantages that accrue from producing an on tology for such systems, as well as the ontologies so far developed which are directed at t he legal domain. We ,then ,illustrate ,how ,taking ,an
The KRAFTproject aims to investigate how a distributed architecture can support the transformatio... more The KRAFTproject aims to investigate how a distributed architecture can support the transformation and reuse of a particular class of knowledge, namely constraints, and to fuse this knowledge so as to gain added value, by using it for constraint solving or data retrieval.
Department of Computer Science, The University of Liverpool, Chadwick Building, Peach Street, Liv... more Department of Computer Science, The University of Liverpool, Chadwick Building, Peach Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZF, UK, tel: +44-151-794 3706, fax: +44-151-794 3715, email: valli@csc.liv.ac.uk SAP AG Entw. HR HRMS Netherlands, PO Box 1461, D-69190 Walldorf, Germany, tel: +49-622776 47 45, fax: +49-6227-77 47 45, email: Pepijn.Visser@sap.com Dipartimento di Informatica, Universita' degli Studi di Bari, Via Orabona, 4, 70126 Bari, Italy, tel: +39-080-544 32 69, fax: +39-080-544 31 96, email: malerba@di.uniba.it BT Adastral Park, Martlesham Heath, Ipswich, Suffolk, IP5 3RE, UK, tel: +44-1473-605 487 fax: +44-1473-605 487, email: dean.m.jones@bt.com
In this article we address the formal specification of the legal ontology of Van Kralingen and Vi... more In this article we address the formal specification of the legal ontology of Van Kralingen and Visser (published in October 1995). We discuss four issues encountered while formalising an informally described ontology, and present an ONTOLINGUA specification of the ontology..
This article presents a structure of multiple shared ontologies to integrate heterogeneous source... more This article presents a structure of multiple shared ontologies to integrate heterogeneous sources. This structure is intended to be easy to implement to maintain and to scale, and also close to the human model of conceptualisation. The structure has been investigate in a small scale experiment set in the domain of the international coffee preparation. The coffee-preparing domain is attractive as it serves to illustrate that different communities may share knowledge at different abstraction levels.
1: Introduction. 2: Problem analysis and applied methods. 3: Selection of domain and tasks. 4: Th... more 1: Introduction. 2: Problem analysis and applied methods. 3: Selection of domain and tasks. 4: The domain specification. 5: Assessment. 6: Planning. Appendices: An assessment problem case a planning problem case.
In this paper we explore the trend towards the production of "ontologies" as part of th... more In this paper we explore the trend towards the production of "ontologies" as part of the development of knowledge based systems, both in general AI and in the legal domain in particular. We discuss four examples of this kind of work in the legal domain and identify areas on which future work might be directed.
Legal ontologies are useful in the design of knowledge systems because they are reusable. A libra... more Legal ontologies are useful in the design of knowledge systems because they are reusable. A library of such ontologies could greatly enhance the development of legal knowledge systems. In this article we address the creation of such a library. In particular, we discuss four legal ontologies and investigate how the ontologies can be indexed and represented in a library.
It is now widely recognised that constructing a domain model, or ontology, is an important step i... more It is now widely recognised that constructing a domain model, or ontology, is an important step in the development of knowledge based systems. What is lacking, however, is a clear understanding of how to build ontologies. In this paper we survey the work which has been done so far in beginning to provide a methodology for building ontologies. This work is still formative, and relies heavily on particular experiences. We also provide some discussion of this work, and identify the key issues that must be addressed if we are to move on from ontology construction being an art and to make it an understood engineering process.
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Papers by Pepijn Visser