This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Streptoc... more This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Streptococcus suis and their resistance patterns isolated from both clinically healthy carriers and diseased pigs in and around Guwahati, Assam, India. A total of 497 samples were collected during October, 2012, to April, 2014, from clinically healthy (n=67) and diseased (n=230) pigs of varying age and either sex maintained under organized and unorganized farming systems. Samples were processed for isolation and identification of S. suis by biochemical characterization and polymerase chain reaction targeting the housekeeping gene glutamate dehydrogenase. In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of the recovered isolates against nine antibiotic groups comprising 17 antimicrobial agents was studied by standard method. Of the 497 samples examined, 7 (1.41%) isolates were confirmed to be S. suis of which 5 (1.87%) and 2 (0.87%) were derived from clinically healthy and diseased pigs, respectively. All t...
Background: The present work was conducted to study the effect of incorporation of soy protein is... more Background: The present work was conducted to study the effect of incorporation of soy protein isolate (SPI) and Inulin (I) on certain Physico-chemical and sensory qualities of low-fat duck meat sausages. Methods: Duck meat sausages were prepared by using three different formulations i.e. T1 (2.5% I), T2 (2.5% SPI) and T3 (2.5% SPI+2.5% I) along with a control (CT-0% SPI and I). The pH, water holding capacity, TBARS value, tyrosine value and sensory qualities were evaluated on days 1, 5 and 10. Result: Duck meat sausages with a combination of 2.5% soy protein isolate and 2.5% inulin were the best ones, with a shelf-life of 10 days under refrigeration.
Of 343 swine examined, 34 (9.91%) were found to be affected with exudative epidermitis from which... more Of 343 swine examined, 34 (9.91%) were found to be affected with exudative epidermitis from which 39 S. hyicus and 6 S. aureus isolates were recovered. Out of 39 S. hyicus, 34 S. hyicus isolates were found to be positive for virulence genes of which, 6 isolates (17.64%) were positive for exhA gene and 28 isolates (82.35%) were positive for exhD gene with an exhibited band size of 316 bp and 588 bp respectively in PCR. Early recovery of swine with exudative epidermitis was found with amoxyclav with supportive therapy than ceftriaxone and tazobactam combination with supportive therapy though the recovery rates with both the antibiotics were 100 per cent.
Mozzarella cheese is an extremely versatile product that has been widely used by the food sector ... more Mozzarella cheese is an extremely versatile product that has been widely used by the food sector as an essential ingredient in pizza, cheeseburger, cheese-based salads, etc. The main aim of the present investigation is to study the effect of coagulating enzymes and types of milk on the physico-chemical, proximate composition and sensory attributes of iron fortified mozzarella cheese. Iron-fortified mozzarella cheese was prepared using chymosin (control group) and kiwifruit crude extract (treatment group) from three different types of milk (cow milk 100%, goat milk 100%, and cow: goat milk 50:50 ratio). SDS-PAGE of kiwifruit crude extract exhibited protein bands at 24.5 kDa, 20.3 kDa, and 18.8 kDa. The milk clotting time of kiwifruit crude extract exhibited a shorter coagulation time in the presence of CaCl2. Highly significant (p<0.01) difference between enzymes, types of milk, and the interaction effect between enzymes and types of milk were noted for pH. Similarly, a highly sig...
A total of 316 pig carcasses were examined through meat inspection in different market places of ... more A total of 316 pig carcasses were examined through meat inspection in different market places of Sivasagar district of Assam, India for a period of one year from April 2015 to May 2016. Out of which, 4 (1.27%) were found positive for porcine cysticercosis with visible cysts. The highest density of Cysticercus cellulosae was found (11.40±0.67) × (4.8±0.58) mm in skeletal muscles. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was performed to confirm Cysticercus cellulosae and to validate the results of meat inspection. Oligonucleotide primers targeting against the large subunit rRNA gene (TBR primers) of Taenia solium were used in this study. On reactivity in PCR test, the TBR primers yielded products of 286bp in cysticercosis positive cases.
207-211In the present investigation, out of 27 (24.10%) strains of Escherichia coli isolated from... more 207-211In the present investigation, out of 27 (24.10%) strains of Escherichia coli isolated from 112 beef samples comprising raw meat (45), kabab (36) and kofta (31), 9 (33.33%) belonging to 7 different serotypes were verotoxic as tested by vero cell cytotoxic assay. Serotype O145 was the predominant STEC in raw meat. Interestingly, one STEC-O157 strain was also detected. All the STEC strains were positive for Stx genes by polymerase chain reaction showing stx2 (77.78%) to be most predominant followed by stx1 (22.22%). Phenotypic enterohaemolysin production on washed sheep blood agar supplemented with CaCl2 revealed 6 (66.67%) STEC strains to be positive. Presence of STEC in cooked beef products, viz., kabab and kofta appeared to be a matter of concern and potential threat to public health
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) causes Japanese encephalitis, which is a leading form of viral ... more Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) causes Japanese encephalitis, which is a leading form of viral encephalitis in Asia, with around 50,000 cases and 10,000 deaths per year in children below 15 years of age. The JEV has shown a tendency to extend to other geographic regions. Mosquitoes acts as potent vectors in spreading the viruses to humans. A selected group/ species of mosquitoes acts as vector in the presence of suitable host and dead end host. In this review the details regarding the vector have been discussed and summarized.
A study was undertaken to find out the prevalence of bacterial dermatitis in captive Asian Elepha... more A study was undertaken to find out the prevalence of bacterial dermatitis in captive Asian Elephants (Elephas maximus) of Assam. Staphylococcus spp. was the predominant causative organism. Coagulase positive (S. aureus and S. intermedius) and coagulase negative (S. hyicus, S. choromogenes, S. caseolyticus and S. saprophyticus) bacteria were detected from the skin lesions. Antibiotic sensitivity test for bacterial isolates showed the highest sensitivity to Ceftriaxone/Tazobactum followed by Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid, Ceftriaxone/Sulbactum, Enrofloxacin and Mupirocin respectively. Among these, Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid and Mupirocin showed significant efficacy during the treatment process.
Background and Aim: Milk is a highly perishable commodity, which is subjected to various types of... more Background and Aim: Milk is a highly perishable commodity, which is subjected to various types of contamination right from the farm level to the consumers' table. This study aimed to assess the quality of raw milk sold in and around Guwahati city based on the microbial load. Materials and Methods: A total of 200 raw pooled milk samples collected from 25 different locations in and around Guwahati city were subjected to quality evaluation based on the methylene blue reduction test (MBRT), standard plate count, and coliform count as per the standard procedure. Results: Out of the 200 samples evaluated, more than 50% of them were graded as poor to very poor quality based on the MBRT results. None of the samples could be graded as excellent quality and only 14.5% were graded as good quality. The standard plate count and coliform count of all the raw milk samples were found to be significantly higher than the legal standard. A highly significant (p<0.01) difference was observed for...
This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Streptoc... more This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Streptococcus suis and their resistance patterns isolated from both clinically healthy carriers and diseased pigs in and around Guwahati, Assam, India. A total of 497 samples were collected during October, 2012, to April, 2014, from clinically healthy (n=67) and diseased (n=230) pigs of varying age and either sex maintained under organized and unorganized farming systems. Samples were processed for isolation and identification of S. suis by biochemical characterization and polymerase chain reaction targeting the housekeeping gene glutamate dehydrogenase. In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of the recovered isolates against nine antibiotic groups comprising 17 antimicrobial agents was studied by standard method. Of the 497 samples examined, 7 (1.41%) isolates were confirmed to be S. suis of which 5 (1.87%) and 2 (0.87%) were derived from clinically healthy and diseased pigs, respectively. All t...
This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Streptoc... more This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Streptococcus suis and their resistance patterns isolated from both clinically healthy carriers and diseased pigs in and around Guwahati, Assam, India. A total of 497 samples were collected during October, 2012, to April, 2014, from clinically healthy (n=67) and diseased (n=230) pigs of varying age and either sex maintained under organized and unorganized farming systems. Samples were processed for isolation and identification of S. suis by biochemical characterization and polymerase chain reaction targeting the housekeeping gene glutamate dehydrogenase. In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of the recovered isolates against nine antibiotic groups comprising 17 antimicrobial agents was studied by standard method. Of the 497 samples examined, 7 (1.41%) isolates were confirmed to be S. suis of which 5 (1.87%) and 2 (0.87%) were derived from clinically healthy and diseased pigs, respectively. All t...
Background: The present work was conducted to study the effect of incorporation of soy protein is... more Background: The present work was conducted to study the effect of incorporation of soy protein isolate (SPI) and Inulin (I) on certain Physico-chemical and sensory qualities of low-fat duck meat sausages. Methods: Duck meat sausages were prepared by using three different formulations i.e. T1 (2.5% I), T2 (2.5% SPI) and T3 (2.5% SPI+2.5% I) along with a control (CT-0% SPI and I). The pH, water holding capacity, TBARS value, tyrosine value and sensory qualities were evaluated on days 1, 5 and 10. Result: Duck meat sausages with a combination of 2.5% soy protein isolate and 2.5% inulin were the best ones, with a shelf-life of 10 days under refrigeration.
Of 343 swine examined, 34 (9.91%) were found to be affected with exudative epidermitis from which... more Of 343 swine examined, 34 (9.91%) were found to be affected with exudative epidermitis from which 39 S. hyicus and 6 S. aureus isolates were recovered. Out of 39 S. hyicus, 34 S. hyicus isolates were found to be positive for virulence genes of which, 6 isolates (17.64%) were positive for exhA gene and 28 isolates (82.35%) were positive for exhD gene with an exhibited band size of 316 bp and 588 bp respectively in PCR. Early recovery of swine with exudative epidermitis was found with amoxyclav with supportive therapy than ceftriaxone and tazobactam combination with supportive therapy though the recovery rates with both the antibiotics were 100 per cent.
Mozzarella cheese is an extremely versatile product that has been widely used by the food sector ... more Mozzarella cheese is an extremely versatile product that has been widely used by the food sector as an essential ingredient in pizza, cheeseburger, cheese-based salads, etc. The main aim of the present investigation is to study the effect of coagulating enzymes and types of milk on the physico-chemical, proximate composition and sensory attributes of iron fortified mozzarella cheese. Iron-fortified mozzarella cheese was prepared using chymosin (control group) and kiwifruit crude extract (treatment group) from three different types of milk (cow milk 100%, goat milk 100%, and cow: goat milk 50:50 ratio). SDS-PAGE of kiwifruit crude extract exhibited protein bands at 24.5 kDa, 20.3 kDa, and 18.8 kDa. The milk clotting time of kiwifruit crude extract exhibited a shorter coagulation time in the presence of CaCl2. Highly significant (p<0.01) difference between enzymes, types of milk, and the interaction effect between enzymes and types of milk were noted for pH. Similarly, a highly sig...
A total of 316 pig carcasses were examined through meat inspection in different market places of ... more A total of 316 pig carcasses were examined through meat inspection in different market places of Sivasagar district of Assam, India for a period of one year from April 2015 to May 2016. Out of which, 4 (1.27%) were found positive for porcine cysticercosis with visible cysts. The highest density of Cysticercus cellulosae was found (11.40±0.67) × (4.8±0.58) mm in skeletal muscles. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was performed to confirm Cysticercus cellulosae and to validate the results of meat inspection. Oligonucleotide primers targeting against the large subunit rRNA gene (TBR primers) of Taenia solium were used in this study. On reactivity in PCR test, the TBR primers yielded products of 286bp in cysticercosis positive cases.
207-211In the present investigation, out of 27 (24.10%) strains of Escherichia coli isolated from... more 207-211In the present investigation, out of 27 (24.10%) strains of Escherichia coli isolated from 112 beef samples comprising raw meat (45), kabab (36) and kofta (31), 9 (33.33%) belonging to 7 different serotypes were verotoxic as tested by vero cell cytotoxic assay. Serotype O145 was the predominant STEC in raw meat. Interestingly, one STEC-O157 strain was also detected. All the STEC strains were positive for Stx genes by polymerase chain reaction showing stx2 (77.78%) to be most predominant followed by stx1 (22.22%). Phenotypic enterohaemolysin production on washed sheep blood agar supplemented with CaCl2 revealed 6 (66.67%) STEC strains to be positive. Presence of STEC in cooked beef products, viz., kabab and kofta appeared to be a matter of concern and potential threat to public health
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) causes Japanese encephalitis, which is a leading form of viral ... more Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) causes Japanese encephalitis, which is a leading form of viral encephalitis in Asia, with around 50,000 cases and 10,000 deaths per year in children below 15 years of age. The JEV has shown a tendency to extend to other geographic regions. Mosquitoes acts as potent vectors in spreading the viruses to humans. A selected group/ species of mosquitoes acts as vector in the presence of suitable host and dead end host. In this review the details regarding the vector have been discussed and summarized.
A study was undertaken to find out the prevalence of bacterial dermatitis in captive Asian Elepha... more A study was undertaken to find out the prevalence of bacterial dermatitis in captive Asian Elephants (Elephas maximus) of Assam. Staphylococcus spp. was the predominant causative organism. Coagulase positive (S. aureus and S. intermedius) and coagulase negative (S. hyicus, S. choromogenes, S. caseolyticus and S. saprophyticus) bacteria were detected from the skin lesions. Antibiotic sensitivity test for bacterial isolates showed the highest sensitivity to Ceftriaxone/Tazobactum followed by Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid, Ceftriaxone/Sulbactum, Enrofloxacin and Mupirocin respectively. Among these, Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid and Mupirocin showed significant efficacy during the treatment process.
Background and Aim: Milk is a highly perishable commodity, which is subjected to various types of... more Background and Aim: Milk is a highly perishable commodity, which is subjected to various types of contamination right from the farm level to the consumers' table. This study aimed to assess the quality of raw milk sold in and around Guwahati city based on the microbial load. Materials and Methods: A total of 200 raw pooled milk samples collected from 25 different locations in and around Guwahati city were subjected to quality evaluation based on the methylene blue reduction test (MBRT), standard plate count, and coliform count as per the standard procedure. Results: Out of the 200 samples evaluated, more than 50% of them were graded as poor to very poor quality based on the MBRT results. None of the samples could be graded as excellent quality and only 14.5% were graded as good quality. The standard plate count and coliform count of all the raw milk samples were found to be significantly higher than the legal standard. A highly significant (p<0.01) difference was observed for...
This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Streptoc... more This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Streptococcus suis and their resistance patterns isolated from both clinically healthy carriers and diseased pigs in and around Guwahati, Assam, India. A total of 497 samples were collected during October, 2012, to April, 2014, from clinically healthy (n=67) and diseased (n=230) pigs of varying age and either sex maintained under organized and unorganized farming systems. Samples were processed for isolation and identification of S. suis by biochemical characterization and polymerase chain reaction targeting the housekeeping gene glutamate dehydrogenase. In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of the recovered isolates against nine antibiotic groups comprising 17 antimicrobial agents was studied by standard method. Of the 497 samples examined, 7 (1.41%) isolates were confirmed to be S. suis of which 5 (1.87%) and 2 (0.87%) were derived from clinically healthy and diseased pigs, respectively. All t...
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