This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Streptococcus suis and their resistance patterns isolated from both clinically healthy carriers and diseased pigs in and around Guwahati, Assam,... more
This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Streptococcus suis and their resistance patterns isolated from both clinically healthy carriers and diseased pigs in and around Guwahati, Assam, India. A total of 497 samples were collected during October, 2012, to April, 2014, from clinically healthy (n=67) and diseased (n=230) pigs of varying age and either sex maintained under organized and unorganized farming systems. Samples were processed for isolation and identification of S. suis by biochemical characterization and polymerase chain reaction targeting the housekeeping gene glutamate dehydrogenase. In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of the recovered isolates against nine antibiotic groups comprising 17 antimicrobial agents was studied by standard method. Of the 497 samples examined, 7 (1.41%) isolates were confirmed to be S. suis of which 5 (1.87%) and 2 (0.87%) were derived from clinically healthy and diseased pigs, respectively. All t...
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Background: The present work was conducted to study the effect of incorporation of soy protein isolate (SPI) and Inulin (I) on certain Physico-chemical and sensory qualities of low-fat duck meat sausages. Methods: Duck meat sausages were... more
Background: The present work was conducted to study the effect of incorporation of soy protein isolate (SPI) and Inulin (I) on certain Physico-chemical and sensory qualities of low-fat duck meat sausages. Methods: Duck meat sausages were prepared by using three different formulations i.e. T1 (2.5% I), T2 (2.5% SPI) and T3 (2.5% SPI+2.5% I) along with a control (CT-0% SPI and I). The pH, water holding capacity, TBARS value, tyrosine value and sensory qualities were evaluated on days 1, 5 and 10. Result: Duck meat sausages with a combination of 2.5% soy protein isolate and 2.5% inulin were the best ones, with a shelf-life of 10 days under refrigeration.
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Of 343 swine examined, 34 (9.91%) were found to be affected with exudative epidermitis from which 39 S. hyicus and 6 S. aureus isolates were recovered. Out of 39 S. hyicus, 34 S. hyicus isolates were found to be positive for virulence... more
Of 343 swine examined, 34 (9.91%) were found to be affected with exudative epidermitis from which 39 S. hyicus and 6 S. aureus isolates were recovered. Out of 39 S. hyicus, 34 S. hyicus isolates were found to be positive for virulence genes of which, 6 isolates (17.64%) were positive for exhA gene and 28 isolates (82.35%) were positive for exhD gene with an exhibited band size of 316 bp and 588 bp respectively in PCR. Early recovery of swine with exudative epidermitis was found with amoxyclav with supportive therapy than ceftriaxone and tazobactam combination with supportive therapy though the recovery rates with both the antibiotics were 100 per cent.
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Mozzarella cheese is an extremely versatile product that has been widely used by the food sector as an essential ingredient in pizza, cheeseburger, cheese-based salads, etc. The main aim of the present investigation is to study the effect... more
Mozzarella cheese is an extremely versatile product that has been widely used by the food sector as an essential ingredient in pizza, cheeseburger, cheese-based salads, etc. The main aim of the present investigation is to study the effect of coagulating enzymes and types of milk on the physico-chemical, proximate composition and sensory attributes of iron fortified mozzarella cheese. Iron-fortified mozzarella cheese was prepared using chymosin (control group) and kiwifruit crude extract (treatment group) from three different types of milk (cow milk 100%, goat milk 100%, and cow: goat milk 50:50 ratio). SDS-PAGE of kiwifruit crude extract exhibited protein bands at 24.5 kDa, 20.3 kDa, and 18.8 kDa. The milk clotting time of kiwifruit crude extract exhibited a shorter coagulation time in the presence of CaCl2. Highly significant (p<0.01) difference between enzymes, types of milk, and the interaction effect between enzymes and types of milk were noted for pH. Similarly, a highly sig...
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A total of 316 pig carcasses were examined through meat inspection in different market places of Sivasagar district of Assam, India for a period of one year from April 2015 to May 2016. Out of which, 4 (1.27%) were found positive for... more
A total of 316 pig carcasses were examined through meat inspection in different market places of Sivasagar district of Assam, India for a period of one year from April 2015 to May 2016. Out of which, 4 (1.27%) were found positive for porcine cysticercosis with visible cysts. The highest density of Cysticercus cellulosae was found (11.40±0.67) × (4.8±0.58) mm in skeletal muscles. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was performed to confirm Cysticercus cellulosae and to validate the results of meat inspection. Oligonucleotide primers targeting against the large subunit rRNA gene (TBR primers) of Taenia solium were used in this study. On reactivity in PCR test, the TBR primers yielded products of 286bp in cysticercosis positive cases.
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207-211In the present investigation, out of 27 (24.10%) strains of Escherichia coli isolated from 112 beef samples comprising raw meat (45), kabab (36) and kofta (31), 9 (33.33%) belonging to 7 different serotypes were verotoxic as tested... more
207-211In the present investigation, out of 27 (24.10%) strains of Escherichia coli isolated from 112 beef samples comprising raw meat (45), kabab (36) and kofta (31), 9 (33.33%) belonging to 7 different serotypes were verotoxic as tested by vero cell cytotoxic assay. Serotype O145 was the predominant STEC in raw meat. Interestingly, one STEC-O157 strain was also detected. All the STEC strains were positive for Stx genes by polymerase chain reaction showing stx2 (77.78%) to be most predominant followed by stx1 (22.22%). Phenotypic enterohaemolysin production on washed sheep blood agar supplemented with CaCl2 revealed 6 (66.67%) STEC strains to be positive. Presence of STEC in cooked beef products, viz., kabab and kofta appeared to be a matter of concern and potential threat to public health
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Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) causes Japanese encephalitis, which is a leading form of viral encephalitis in Asia, with around 50,000 cases and 10,000 deaths per year in children below 15 years of age. The JEV has shown a tendency to... more
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) causes Japanese encephalitis, which is a leading form of viral encephalitis in Asia, with around 50,000 cases and 10,000 deaths per year in children below 15 years of age. The JEV has shown a tendency to extend to other geographic regions. Mosquitoes acts as potent vectors in spreading the viruses to humans. A selected group/ species of mosquitoes acts as vector in the presence of suitable host and dead end host. In this review the details regarding the vector have been discussed and summarized.
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A study was undertaken to find out the prevalence of bacterial dermatitis in captive Asian Elephants (Elephas maximus) of Assam. Staphylococcus spp. was the predominant causative organism. Coagulase positive (S. aureus and S. intermedius)... more
A study was undertaken to find out the prevalence of bacterial dermatitis in captive Asian Elephants (Elephas maximus) of Assam. Staphylococcus spp. was the predominant causative organism. Coagulase positive (S. aureus and S. intermedius) and coagulase negative (S. hyicus, S. choromogenes, S. caseolyticus and S. saprophyticus) bacteria were detected from the skin lesions. Antibiotic sensitivity test for bacterial isolates showed the highest sensitivity to Ceftriaxone/Tazobactum followed by Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid, Ceftriaxone/Sulbactum, Enrofloxacin and Mupirocin respectively. Among these, Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid and Mupirocin showed significant efficacy during the treatment process.
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Background and Aim: Milk is a highly perishable commodity, which is subjected to various types of contamination right from the farm level to the consumers' table. This study aimed to assess the quality of raw milk sold in and around... more
Background and Aim: Milk is a highly perishable commodity, which is subjected to various types of contamination right from the farm level to the consumers' table. This study aimed to assess the quality of raw milk sold in and around Guwahati city based on the microbial load. Materials and Methods: A total of 200 raw pooled milk samples collected from 25 different locations in and around Guwahati city were subjected to quality evaluation based on the methylene blue reduction test (MBRT), standard plate count, and coliform count as per the standard procedure. Results: Out of the 200 samples evaluated, more than 50% of them were graded as poor to very poor quality based on the MBRT results. None of the samples could be graded as excellent quality and only 14.5% were graded as good quality. The standard plate count and coliform count of all the raw milk samples were found to be significantly higher than the legal standard. A highly significant (p<0.01) difference was observed for...
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This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Streptococcus suis and their resistance patterns isolated from both clinically healthy carriers and diseased pigs in and around Guwahati, Assam,... more
This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Streptococcus suis and their resistance patterns isolated from both clinically healthy carriers and diseased pigs in and around Guwahati, Assam, India. A total of 497 samples were collected during October, 2012, to April, 2014, from clinically healthy (n=67) and diseased (n=230) pigs of varying age and either sex maintained under organized and unorganized farming systems. Samples were processed for isolation and identification of S. suis by biochemical characterization and polymerase chain reaction targeting the housekeeping gene glutamate dehydrogenase. In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of the recovered isolates against nine antibiotic groups comprising 17 antimicrobial agents was studied by standard method. Of the 497 samples examined, 7 (1.41%) isolates were confirmed to be S. suis of which 5 (1.87%) and 2 (0.87%) were derived from clinically healthy and diseased pigs, respectively. All t...
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Background & objectives: Assam is the most vulnerable state for Japanese encephalitis (JE) in India. The situation warrants characterization of epidemiological patterns of JE in vectors, pigs and human population. This investigation... more
Background & objectives: Assam is the most vulnerable state for Japanese encephalitis (JE) in India. The situation warrants characterization of epidemiological patterns of JE in vectors, pigs and human population. This investigation was aimed to determine the relative abundance of mosquito species and seroprevalence of JE in pigs in order to draw an epidemiological association with reported human JE cases in Assam. Methods: Pig sera and mosquitoes from selected farms in Sivasagar and Kamrup districts of Assam were collected fortnightly for one year during June 2015–May 2016. Pig sera were tested for JE antibodies by haemagglutination and virus neurtralization tests. Mosquito species were identified microscopically following the taxonomic keys. The results were analyzed with data on confirmed human JE cases in the selected districts. Results: Culex gelidus (26.07%) and Cx. tritaeniorhynchus (24.07%) were the most abundant species in collected mosquitoes (n = 997). A total of 22.99% of pigs (n = 335) were JEV seropositive and 45.65% of human acute encephalitis syndrome cases (n = 230) were positive for JE virus (JEV) infection. Relative mosquito abundance, pig positivity and human cases were highest during monsoon (June–September) and least during winter (December–February). Rise in mosquito population was observed during pre-monsoon season (March–May) and concurrently higher number of human cases and pig seropositivity were recorded. A good correlation was observed between mosquito number and JEV positivity in pigs/human, and between pigs and human cases (p < 0.05). Human population in Sivasagar was at higher risk for JE infection (OR: 6.46, p < 0.0001) than in Kamrup rural district. Interpretation & conclusion: This study indicates that a seasonal correlation exists between mosquito abundance and JEV seroconversion in pigs with concurrent human JEV outbreaks under field conditions in Sivasagar and Kamrup rural districts of Assam and that monitoring mosquito abundance/density and pig JEV seropositivity may help in predicting JEV outbreak in human population in the region.
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Brucellosis is endemic among dairy animals in India, contributing to production losses and posing a health risk to people, especially farmers and others in close contact with dairy animals or their products. Growing urban populations... more
Brucellosis is endemic among dairy animals in India, contributing to production losses and posing a health risk to people, especially farmers and others in close contact with dairy animals or their products. Growing urban populations demand increased milk supplies, resulting in intensifying dairy production at the peri-urban fringe. Peri-urban dairying is under-studied but has implications for disease transmission, both positive and negative. In this cross-sectional study, five Indian cities were selected to represent different geographies and urbanization extent. Around each, we randomly selected 34 peri-urban villages, and in each village three smallholder dairy farms (defined as having a maximum of 10 dairy animals) were randomly selected. The farmers were interviewed, and milk samples were taken from up to three animals. These were tested using a commercial ELISA for antibodies against Brucella abortus, and factors associated with herd seroprevalence were identified. In all, 164...
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In the present investigation, out of 27 (24.10%) strains of Escherichia coli isolated from 112 beef samples comprising raw meat (45), kabab (36) and kofta (31), 9 (33.33%) belonging to 7 different serotypes were verotoxic as tested by... more
In the present investigation, out of 27 (24.10%) strains of Escherichia coli isolated from 112 beef samples comprising raw meat (45), kabab (36) and kofta (31), 9 (33.33%) belonging to 7 different serotypes were verotoxic as tested by vero cell cytotoxic assay. Serotype O145 was the predominant STEC in raw meat. Interestingly, one STEC-O157 strain was also detected. All the STEC strains were positive for Stx genes by polymerase chain reaction showing stx2 (77.78%) to be most predominant followed by stx1 (22.22%). Phenotypic enterohaemolysin production on washed sheep blood agar supplemented with CaCl2 revealed 6 (66.67%) STEC strains to be positive. Presence of STEC in cooked beef products, viz., kabab and kofta appeared to be a matter of concern and potential threat to public health.
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The study was conducted among the rural farm women of Kamrup District of Assam in connection with their livestock management, health and empowerment. A purposive random sampling technique was used from the exhaustive list of the villages... more
The study was conducted among the rural farm women of Kamrup District of Assam in connection with their livestock management, health and empowerment. A purposive random sampling technique was used from the exhaustive list of the villages obtained from the offices of the BDO and Panchayats to select the farm women where ASHA (Accredited Social Health Activist) members in the Department of Health and Family Welfare under NRHM (National Rural Health Mission) were in action. Data pertaining to these areas were collected through a specially constructed pre-tested, reliable and valid interview schedule by personally approaching the rural farm women. Then the data such collected were compiled, tabulated and processed by calculating frequency, mean standard deviation and range and multiple correlation analysis. Based on the results conclusions and inferences relating livestock management, health and empowerment were drawn. It was found that by and large all the rural farm women were satisfi...
To control classical swine fever (CSF), a highly contagious viral disease causing serious losses in the pig industry worldwide, rapid detection and identification of the causative agent is a crucial step. In the present study, real-time... more
To control classical swine fever (CSF), a highly contagious viral disease causing serious losses in the pig industry worldwide, rapid detection and identification of the causative agent is a crucial step. In the present study, real-time RT-PCR and gel based RT-PCR techniques were compared for detection of CSF virus nucleic acid in both clinical as well as tissue samples. Clinical and tissue samples (325) were collected from CSF suspected outbreaks from different part of north eastern region of India. In gel based RT-PCR, % positivity was 44.61% while in realtime RT-PCR it was 57.23%. Highest per cent positivity was recorded in tonsil followed by mesenteric lymph node, blood, nasal swab, spleen, kidney and ileum. The study indicated that probe based RT-PCR could specifically detect CSF virus genome and detection limit was about one log higher than a gel based PCR assay targeting the non translated region. Total time required to complete the gel based RT-PCR including extraction of vi...
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ABSTRACT Streptococcus suis infection, a zoonotic disease (Perch et al. 1968), causes arthritis, pneumonia, septicaemia, endocarditis, polyserositis, and abscesses in pigs with high economic losses. Subclinical carrier animals are... more
ABSTRACT Streptococcus suis infection, a zoonotic disease (Perch et al. 1968), causes arthritis, pneumonia, septicaemia, endocarditis, polyserositis, and abscesses in pigs with high economic losses. Subclinical carrier animals are important source as bacteria are transmitted to susceptible young pigs (Okwumabua et al. 2003). Detection of S. suis by standard culture methods and serotyping are laborious and results can be inconclusive or ambiguous. This study was conducted keeping in view the emergence of S. suis infections, to detect the presence of gdh gene from S. suis isolated from porcine origin by PCR. Isolates (15) of Streptococcus suis were isolated from the 126 samples consisting of nasal swabs of apparently DNA extraction of S. suis was done using DNeasy blood and tissue kit following the manufacturer&#39;s instruction. PCR was performed to detect gdh gene of S. suis using oligonucleotide primers (Table 2) according to Okwumabua et al. (2003). The amplification of bacterial DNA for gdh gene was performed in thermal cycler in 50μl volume containing 5 μl of 10X PCR buffer, 1μl dNTPs, 1 μl primers, 3 μl of the template DNA and 1μl of Taq DNA polymerase. The conditions for PCR were 94°C for 5 min for initial denaturation of DNA within the sample followed by 30 cycles of 94°C for 1 min (denaturation), 55°C for 1 min (primer annealing), 72°C for 1 min (DNA extension) and a
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The present investigation was envisaged to study the inhibitory potential of food grade preservatives such as150 ppm sodium nitrite (SN) and 0.1% potassium sorbate (PS), as well as their combination on VTEC O157:H7 in simulating media for... more
The present investigation was envisaged to study the inhibitory potential of food grade preservatives such as150 ppm sodium nitrite (SN) and 0.1% potassium sorbate (PS), as well as their combination on VTEC O157:H7 in simulating media for beef gravy (pH 7.0 and 5.4) stored at 25C for 48 h and at 4C for 45 days. During storage at 25C at pH 7.0 and 5.4, SN and PS showed no significant impact on reduction of VTEC O157:H7. The combination of SN (150 ppm) and PS (0.1%) exerted maximum inhibitory effect on VTEC at pH 7.0 and 5.4 on Day 31 and 24, respectively, during storage at 4C. Inhibition of VTEC was significantly higher (P<0.05) in simulating medium (pH 5.4, pH adjusted with 2% lactic acid) with SN and PS compared to the simulating media for beef gravy (pH 5.4, pH adjusted with 6 N HCl) and the same preservatives at 4C.
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Escherichia coli of various serotypes has emerged to be an important agent of food borne diseases ranging from uncomplicated diarrhoea to haemorrhagic colitis and haemolytic uraemic syndrome in humans. The prevalence of different... more
Escherichia coli of various serotypes has emerged to be an important agent of food borne diseases ranging from uncomplicated diarrhoea to haemorrhagic colitis and haemolytic uraemic syndrome in humans. The prevalence of different serotypes of E.coli was assessed in buffalo meat and its products. A total of 348 samples comprising of 153 raw buffalo meat, 99 buffalo meat kababs and 96 buffalo shami kababs were analyzed, of which 87 (25%) were positive for E. coli. Serotyping of these isolates revealed the presence of 32 different serotypes. E. coli O33 (34.37%) followed by O26 (25%) were predominant serotypes. Interestingly, 3 strains of E.coli O157 isolates were also recorded. In-vitro antibiogram of these E.coli strains revealed that the isolates were highly sensitive to ciprofloxacin followed by gentamicin, streptomycin and co-trimoxazole whereas resistant to colistin, ampicillin and tetracycline.
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Rotavirus (RV) has been considered as one of the most important cause of severe gastroenteritis among human infants and the neonates of most farm animal species worldwide. The present study was undertaken to detect rotavirus from faecal... more
Rotavirus (RV) has been considered as one of the most important cause of severe gastroenteritis among human infants and the neonates of most farm animal species worldwide. The present study was undertaken to detect rotavirus from faecal samples of bovine calves and to investigate genotypic distribution of rotavirus among bovine population during the period from June 2014 to May 2015. A total of 196 faecal samples were collected from both diarrhoeic and nondiarrhoeic calves with age group up to 4 months from different places of Assam, India. Screening of the 196 samples by RNA-PAGE revealed 26 (13.26%) to be positive for bovine RV with characteristic migration pattern of group A RV. The same number samples screened by RT-PCR revealed 71 (36.22%) to be positive for both VP7 and VP4 genes of group A bovine RV. RT-PCR was found to be more sensitive than RNA-PAGE. All non-diarrhoeic samples were negative for RV. Genotyping of RV was carried out by nested-multiplex PCR using type-specific...
Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from 45(41.67%) out of 108 cattle suffering from dernatitis.It was involved either singly or in association with other staphylococci, Micrococcus sp., microfilaria and mange-mite. Pathogenicity trial... more
Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from 45(41.67%) out of 108 cattle suffering from dernatitis.It was involved either singly or in association with other staphylococci, Micrococcus sp., microfilaria and mange-mite. Pathogenicity trial with representative strains and the toxins of the same strains revealed pathogenic and dermonecrotoxic effects on rabbit skin. in-vitro drug sensitivity pattern depicted most sensitivity of the organism to cioxacillin, gentarnicin and chlorampheencol (100% each) and least to streptomycin (64.4).
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The study was conducted among the rural farm women of Kamrup District of Assam in connection with their livestock management, health and empowerment. A purposive random sampling technique was used from the exhaustive list of the villages... more
The study was conducted among the rural farm women of Kamrup District of Assam in connection with their livestock management, health and empowerment. A purposive random sampling technique was used from the exhaustive list of the villages obtained from the offices of the BDO and Panchayats to select the farm women where ASHA (Accredited Social Health Activist) members in the Department of Health and Family Welfare under NRHM (National Rural Health Mission) were in action. Data pertaining to these areas were collected through a specially constructed pre-tested, reliable and valid interview schedule by personally approaching the rural farm women. Then the data such collected were compiled, tabulated and processed by calculating frequency, mean standard deviation and range and multiple correlation analysis. Based on the results conclusions and inferences relating livestock management, health and empowerment were drawn. It was found that by and large all the rural farm women were satisfi...
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The present study was carried out for isolation and molecular characterization of Escherichia coli from faecal and meat samples of food animals viz. cattle, pigs and poultry. A total of 66 E. coli isolates were recovered from 420 samples... more
The present study was carried out for isolation and molecular characterization of Escherichia coli from faecal and meat samples of food animals viz. cattle, pigs and poultry. A total of 66 E. coli isolates were recovered from 420 samples of different food animals and further confirmed by PCR targeting E. coli specific uidA gene. These isolates were sensitive to chloramphenicol and ciprofloxacin and resistant to ampicillin and cloxacillin. Out of 66 isolates, 42 were typed into 13 different ‘O’ serogroups, 13 untypable and remaining 11 were identified as rough. Serogroup O84, O101, O118, O120 and O147 were predominant and serogroup O118 was found to be common in the samples of all 3 species of food animals. Five (7.57%) and 3 (4.54%) of E. coli isolates were found to harbor virulent genes, stx2 and est, respectively. Twenty representative E. coli isolates selected randomly from 20 different locations were subjected to molecular typing by PCR targeting Repetitive Extragenic Palindromi...
In the present investigation, out of 27 (24.10%) strains of Escherichia coli isolated from 112 beef samples comprising raw meat (45), kabab (36) and kofta (31), 9 (33.33%) belonging to 7 different serotypes were verotoxic as tested by... more
In the present investigation, out of 27 (24.10%) strains of Escherichia coli isolated from 112 beef samples comprising raw meat (45), kabab (36) and kofta (31), 9 (33.33%) belonging to 7 different serotypes were verotoxic as tested by vero cell cytotoxic assay. Serotype O145 was the predominant STEC in raw meat. Interestingly, one STEC-O157 strain was also detected. All the STEC strains were positive for Stx genes by polymerase chain reaction showing stx2 (77.78%) to be most predominant followed by stx1 (22.22%). Phenotypic enterohaemolysin production on washed sheep blood agar supplemented with CaCl2 revealed 6 (66.67%) STEC strains to be positive. Presence of STEC in cooked beef products, viz., kabab and kofta appeared to be a matter of concern and potential threat to public health.
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Background: The present study was undertaken to study the effect of different packaging methods on the shelf-life of iron fortified mozzarella cheese prepared from cow milk, goat milk and mixed milk using kiwi fruit extract.Methods:... more
Background: The present study was undertaken to study the effect of different packaging methods on the shelf-life of iron fortified mozzarella cheese prepared from cow milk, goat milk and mixed milk using kiwi fruit extract.Methods: Mozzarella cheese samples were packed both aerobically and under vacuum packaging condition and microbiological load (Total viable count, Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Shigella, Staphylococcus aureus, yeast and moulds and spores count) were monitored throughout the storage period in order to determine its shelf-life. Result: The total viable count (TVC) increased gradually from 0 day till 15 days of refrigerated storage for all the samples of iron fortified mozzarella cheese under both aerobic and vacuum packaging conditions irrespective of the types of milk and enzymes used. Under aerobic packaging condition, highest total viable count was observed for goat’s milk sample in both control and treatment groups all throughout the storage period. Mixed milk ...
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Forty-seven Staphylococcus hyicus strains, one each from 47 of 81 cattle examined, were isolated from cutaneous lesions on different parts of the body. Nineteen of the strains were isolated in pure culture and the rest were isolated in... more
Forty-seven Staphylococcus hyicus strains, one each from 47 of 81 cattle examined, were isolated from cutaneous lesions on different parts of the body. Nineteen of the strains were isolated in pure culture and the rest were isolated in association with either other staphylococci or microfilariae or mange mites. Three out of 10 representative strains produced cutaneous lesions when inoculated intradermally into rabbits.
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A study was conducted to investigate the effect of certain phytoingredients on the physico-chemical and sensory qualities of dry pork cubes dried by solar and oven drier. Oven-drying was done at 60°C while solar drying was done at... more
A study was conducted to investigate the effect of certain phytoingredients on the physico-chemical and sensory qualities of dry pork cubes dried by solar and oven drier. Oven-drying was done at 60°C while solar drying was done at 55-60°C. The results showed that during oven-drying and solar-drying the dry matter and protein contents of the dried samples decreased (p less than 0.05). Due to addition phytoingredients there are certain changes in the proximate composition of the dry products. TBARS values of the samples were affected due to antioxidant contents of the phytoingredients. The solar-dried samples had higher acceptability level than the oven-dried samples. The products were kept in aerobic and vaccum packaging method at room temperature and changes were observed during storage up to six months. The results were attributed to the various changes that occurred during the drying process. Solar-drying of meat samples could be adopted under the hot humid environment done under ...
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In the present investigation, out of 27 (24.10%) strains of Escherichia coli isolated from 112 beef samples comprising raw meat (45), kabab (36) and kofta (31), 9 (33.33%) belonging to 7 different serotypes were verotoxic as tested by... more
In the present investigation, out of 27 (24.10%) strains of Escherichia coli isolated from 112 beef samples comprising raw meat (45), kabab (36) and kofta (31), 9 (33.33%) belonging to 7 different serotypes were verotoxic as tested by vero cell cytotoxic assay. Serotype O145 was the predominant STEC in raw meat. Interestingly, one STEC-O157 strain was also detected. All the STEC strains were positive for Stx genes by polymerase chain reaction showing stx2 (77.78%) to be most predominant followed by stx1 (22.22%). Phenotypic enterohaemolysin production on washed sheep blood agar supplemented with CaCl2 revealed 6 (66.67%) STEC strains to be positive. Presence of STEC in cooked beef products, viz., kabab and kofta appeared to be a matter of concern and potential threat to public health.