This research paper is design to investigate the dynamics of interrelationships between/among Ter... more This research paper is design to investigate the dynamics of interrelationships between/among Terrorism, Tourism, and GDP growth in Nigeria. This study used number of terrorist attack, and number of international tourist arrivals as proxy for Terrorism and Tourism respectively. Time series techniques including Unit Root Test, VAR test for serial correlation and ARCH, CUSUM test for stability, Impulse Response Function were used with data from 1 st Quarter 1981 to 4 th Quarter 2013. The results of the unit root tests are reported in Table 2. The results indicate that Terrorism, Tourism, and GDP growth are stationary at level. The CUSUM-test showed that all the residuals are stable over long run coefficient and short run dynamics. The results indicate the absence of any instability of the coefficients because the plots of the CUSUM statistics fall inside the critical bands of the 5% confidence intervals of parameter stability. The Impulse Response Function analysis showed that an innovation into terrorism tends to decrease in GDP growth. Thus, there is an urgent need for the government to stop the activities of the terrorists if Nigeria is to promote her economic growth.
International Journal of Mathematics and Computer Research, 2021
The Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test has long been an essential tool for researchers conducting ... more The Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test has long been an essential tool for researchers conducting studies on multiple experimental groups with or without one or more control groups. This article encapsulates the fundamentals of ANOVA for an intended benefit of the reader of scientific literature who does not possess expertise in statistics. The emphasis is on conceptually-based perspectives regarding the use and interpretation of ANOVA results, with minimal coverage of the mathematical foundations. Data entry, checking basic parametric assumptions of ANOVA, descriptive statistics of the data by treatment groups, fitting ANOVA model, statistical significance of the test based on p-value, and post-hoc analysis are all explored using R-software.
This study aims to determine the relationship between the chemical compositions of twenty-five (... more This study aims to determine the relationship between the chemical compositions of twenty-five (25) soft drinks sold in Nigeria. Sample concentration of twenty-five (25) soft drinks used in the study was collected from the National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was employed to explain the relationship between the chemical compositions and determine the soft drinks' chemical composition distribution. The result has shown that all except acidity and antioxidant has a significantly strong positive relationship among the chemical structures. PCA suggested retaining three components that explained about 82.465 per cent of the data set's total variability. It was observed that carbonated water, fructose, sucrose, main concentration, stabiliser, E412, colouring and gelatin were the major compositions of the soft drinks in Nigeria, Base on the findings in this study, it is recommendations that; Consumers who are allergic to sugar or diabetic should avoid taking any of the soft drinks with high sugar concentration. Soft drinks companies producing drinks with high sugar content should consider their customers who are diabetic and allergic to high sugar levels.
International Journal of Healthcare and Medical Sciences, 2020
COVID-19 is currently threatening countries in the world. Presently in Nigeria, there are about 2... more COVID-19 is currently threatening countries in the world. Presently in Nigeria, there are about 29,286 confirmed cases, 11,828 discharged and 654 deaths as of 6th July 2020. It is against this background that this study was targeted at modeling daily cases of COVID-19's deaths in Nigeria using count regression models like; Poisson Regression (PR), Negative Binomial Regression (NBR) and Generalized Poisson Regression (GPR) model. The study aim at fitting an appropriate count Regression model to the confirmed, active and critical cases of COVID-19 in Nigeria after 130 days. The data for the study was extracted from the daily COVID-19 cases update released by the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) online database from February 28th, 2020-6th, July 2020. The extracted data were used in the simulation of Poisson, Negative Binomial, and Generalized Poisson Regression model with a program written in STATA version 14 and fitted to the data at a 5% significance level. The best model was selected based on the values of-2logL, AIC, and BIC selection test/criteria. The results obtained from the analysis revealed that the Poisson regression could not capture over-dispersion, so other forms of Poisson Regression models such as the Negative Binomial Regression and Generalized Poisson Regression were used in the estimation. Of the three count Regression models, Generalized Poisson Regression was the best model for fitting daily cumulative confirmed, active and critical COVID-19 cases in Nigeria when overdispersion is present in the predictors because it had the least-2log-Likelihood, AIC, and BIC. It was also discovered that active and critical cases have a positive and significant effect on the number of COVID-19 related deaths in Nigeria.
This study aims to determine the relationship between the chemical compositions of twenty-five (2... more This study aims to determine the relationship between the chemical compositions of twenty-five (25) soft drinks sold in Nigeria. Sample concentration of twenty-five (25) soft drinks used in the study was collected from the National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was employed to explain the relationship between the chemical compositions and determine the soft drinks' chemical composition distribution. The result has shown that all except acidity and antioxidant has a significantly strong positive relationship among the chemical structures. PCA suggested retaining three components that explained about 82.465 per cent of the data set's total variability. It was observed that carbonated water, fructose, sucrose, main concentration, stabiliser, E412, colouring and gelatin were the major compositions of the soft drinks in Nigeria, Base on the findings in this study, it is recommendations that; Consumers who are alle...
The study examine the effect of Government’s expenditure on economic and social services developm... more The study examine the effect of Government’s expenditure on economic and social services development in Nigeria over the period of 1961 to 2018. The study used Canonical Correlation Analysis, the test carried out include; Structure Vector for Economic and social Service and Redundancy Index. The result reveals that strong positive relationship exists between national recurrent expenditure and economic service and Social service. The study also discover that Nigeria Government placed more emphasis on other economic services like; Oil and gas, trade, infrastructure and manufacturing, followed by Transport and Communication, Construction, and Agriculture being the least. In the case of the Social service, it was discovered that Nigeria Government placed more emphasis on other social services like; food subsidies, police, fire services, housing, community management, policy research, information and labour, followed by Health, and Education being the least. Based on the findings, the st...
This study employs quantile regression analysis to examine possible non-linearity in the determin... more This study employs quantile regression analysis to examine possible non-linearity in the determinants of corporate effective tax rate (ETR). The results generally indicate that the examined determinants have significant impact on ETR along the decides and confirm non-linearity in the distribution of ETR. Firm size, firm leverage and inventory intensity are most influential variables while capital intensity and profitability are fairly influential across the ETR of firms. However, tax expert, firm size and inventory intensity are the most influential for firms with lower ETR. The study also confirms that large firms enjoy political clout but smaller firms are also able to reduce their fiscal pressure. The influence of human controllable factors is also evident in the study.
This study aims to determine the relationship between the chemical compositions of twenty-five (2... more This study aims to determine the relationship between the chemical compositions of twenty-five (25) soft drinks sold in Nigeria. Sample concentration of twenty-five (25) soft drinks used in the study was collected from the National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was employed to explain the relationship between the chemical compositions and determine the soft drinks' chemical composition distribution. The result has shown that all except acidity and antioxidant has a significantly strong positive relationship among the chemical structures. PCA suggested retaining three components that explained about 82.465 per cent of the data set's total variability. It was observed that carbonated water, fructose, sucrose, main concentration, stabiliser, E412, colouring and gelatin were the major compositions of the soft drinks in Nigeria, Base on the findings in this study, it is recommendations that; Consumers who are alle...
This research paper is design to investigate the dynamics of interrelationships between/among Ter... more This research paper is design to investigate the dynamics of interrelationships between/among Terrorism, Tourism, and GDP growth in Nigeria. This study used number of terrorist attack, and number of international tourist arrivals as proxy for Terrorism and Tourism respectively. Time series techniques including Unit Root Test, VAR test for serial correlation and ARCH, CUSUM test for stability, Impulse Response Function were used with data from 1st Quarter 1981 to 4th Quarter 2013. The results of the unit root tests are reported in Table 2. The results indicate that Terrorism, Tourism, and GDP growth are stationary at level. The CUSUM-test showed that all the residuals are stable over long run coefficient and short run dynamics. The results indicate the absence of any instability of the coefficients because the plots of the CUSUM statistics fall inside the critical bands of the 5% confidence intervals of parameter stability. The Impulse Response Function analysis showed that an innovation into terrorism tends to decrease in GDP growth. Thus, there is an urgent need for the government to stop the activities of the terrorists if Nigeria is to promote her economic growth.
The study examine the effect of Government's expenditure on economic and social services deve... more The study examine the effect of Government's expenditure on economic and social services development in Nigeria over the period of 1961 to 2018. The study used Canonical Correlation Analysis, the test carried out include; Structure Vector for Economic and social Service and Redundancy Index. The result reveals that strong positive relationship exists between national recurrent expenditure and economic service and Social service. The study also discover that Nigeria Government placed more emphasis on other economic services like; Oil and gas, trade, infrastructure and manufacturing, followed by Transport and Communication, Construction, and Agriculture being the least. In the case of the Social service, it was discovered that Nigeria Government placed more emphasis on other social services like; food subsidies, police, fire services, housing, community management, policy research, information and labour, followed by Health, and Education being the least. Based on the findings, th...
This paper examines the exchange rate volatility with GARCH-type model of the daily exchange rate... more This paper examines the exchange rate volatility with GARCH-type model of the daily exchange rate return series from January 2012 – August 2016 for Naira/Chinese Yuan, Naira/India Rupees, Naira/Spain Euro, Naira/UK Pounds and Naira/US Dollar returns. The studies compare estimates of variants of GARCH (1, 1), EGARCH (1, 1), TGARCH (1,1) and GJR-GARCH (1,1) models. The result from all models indict presence of volatility in the five currencies and equally indicate that most of the asymmetric models rejected the existence of a leverage effect except for models with volatility break. For GARCH (1, 1), GJR-GARCH (1, 1,) EGARCH (1,1) and TGARCH (1, 1), it was observed that India have the best exchange rate with the highest log-likelihood (Log L) and the lowest AIC and BIC followed by USA, China, Spain and United Kingdom respectively. The four models was later compared for the exchange rates of the five countries under consideration i.e. China, India, Spain, UK and USA to select the best ...
This research paper is design to investigate the dynamics of interrelationships between/among Ter... more This research paper is design to investigate the dynamics of interrelationships between/among Terrorism, Tourism, and GDP growth in Nigeria. This study used number of terrorist attack, and number of international tourist arrivals as proxy for Terrorism and Tourism respectively. Time series techniques including Unit Root Test, VAR test for serial correlation and ARCH, CUSUM test for stability, Impulse Response Function were used with data from 1 st Quarter 1981 to 4 th Quarter 2013. The results of the unit root tests are reported in Table 2. The results indicate that Terrorism, Tourism, and GDP growth are stationary at level. The CUSUM-test showed that all the residuals are stable over long run coefficient and short run dynamics. The results indicate the absence of any instability of the coefficients because the plots of the CUSUM statistics fall inside the critical bands of the 5% confidence intervals of parameter stability. The Impulse Response Function analysis showed that an innovation into terrorism tends to decrease in GDP growth. Thus, there is an urgent need for the government to stop the activities of the terrorists if Nigeria is to promote her economic growth.
International Journal of Mathematics and Computer Research, 2021
The Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test has long been an essential tool for researchers conducting ... more The Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test has long been an essential tool for researchers conducting studies on multiple experimental groups with or without one or more control groups. This article encapsulates the fundamentals of ANOVA for an intended benefit of the reader of scientific literature who does not possess expertise in statistics. The emphasis is on conceptually-based perspectives regarding the use and interpretation of ANOVA results, with minimal coverage of the mathematical foundations. Data entry, checking basic parametric assumptions of ANOVA, descriptive statistics of the data by treatment groups, fitting ANOVA model, statistical significance of the test based on p-value, and post-hoc analysis are all explored using R-software.
This study aims to determine the relationship between the chemical compositions of twenty-five (... more This study aims to determine the relationship between the chemical compositions of twenty-five (25) soft drinks sold in Nigeria. Sample concentration of twenty-five (25) soft drinks used in the study was collected from the National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was employed to explain the relationship between the chemical compositions and determine the soft drinks' chemical composition distribution. The result has shown that all except acidity and antioxidant has a significantly strong positive relationship among the chemical structures. PCA suggested retaining three components that explained about 82.465 per cent of the data set's total variability. It was observed that carbonated water, fructose, sucrose, main concentration, stabiliser, E412, colouring and gelatin were the major compositions of the soft drinks in Nigeria, Base on the findings in this study, it is recommendations that; Consumers who are allergic to sugar or diabetic should avoid taking any of the soft drinks with high sugar concentration. Soft drinks companies producing drinks with high sugar content should consider their customers who are diabetic and allergic to high sugar levels.
International Journal of Healthcare and Medical Sciences, 2020
COVID-19 is currently threatening countries in the world. Presently in Nigeria, there are about 2... more COVID-19 is currently threatening countries in the world. Presently in Nigeria, there are about 29,286 confirmed cases, 11,828 discharged and 654 deaths as of 6th July 2020. It is against this background that this study was targeted at modeling daily cases of COVID-19's deaths in Nigeria using count regression models like; Poisson Regression (PR), Negative Binomial Regression (NBR) and Generalized Poisson Regression (GPR) model. The study aim at fitting an appropriate count Regression model to the confirmed, active and critical cases of COVID-19 in Nigeria after 130 days. The data for the study was extracted from the daily COVID-19 cases update released by the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) online database from February 28th, 2020-6th, July 2020. The extracted data were used in the simulation of Poisson, Negative Binomial, and Generalized Poisson Regression model with a program written in STATA version 14 and fitted to the data at a 5% significance level. The best model was selected based on the values of-2logL, AIC, and BIC selection test/criteria. The results obtained from the analysis revealed that the Poisson regression could not capture over-dispersion, so other forms of Poisson Regression models such as the Negative Binomial Regression and Generalized Poisson Regression were used in the estimation. Of the three count Regression models, Generalized Poisson Regression was the best model for fitting daily cumulative confirmed, active and critical COVID-19 cases in Nigeria when overdispersion is present in the predictors because it had the least-2log-Likelihood, AIC, and BIC. It was also discovered that active and critical cases have a positive and significant effect on the number of COVID-19 related deaths in Nigeria.
This study aims to determine the relationship between the chemical compositions of twenty-five (2... more This study aims to determine the relationship between the chemical compositions of twenty-five (25) soft drinks sold in Nigeria. Sample concentration of twenty-five (25) soft drinks used in the study was collected from the National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was employed to explain the relationship between the chemical compositions and determine the soft drinks' chemical composition distribution. The result has shown that all except acidity and antioxidant has a significantly strong positive relationship among the chemical structures. PCA suggested retaining three components that explained about 82.465 per cent of the data set's total variability. It was observed that carbonated water, fructose, sucrose, main concentration, stabiliser, E412, colouring and gelatin were the major compositions of the soft drinks in Nigeria, Base on the findings in this study, it is recommendations that; Consumers who are alle...
The study examine the effect of Government’s expenditure on economic and social services developm... more The study examine the effect of Government’s expenditure on economic and social services development in Nigeria over the period of 1961 to 2018. The study used Canonical Correlation Analysis, the test carried out include; Structure Vector for Economic and social Service and Redundancy Index. The result reveals that strong positive relationship exists between national recurrent expenditure and economic service and Social service. The study also discover that Nigeria Government placed more emphasis on other economic services like; Oil and gas, trade, infrastructure and manufacturing, followed by Transport and Communication, Construction, and Agriculture being the least. In the case of the Social service, it was discovered that Nigeria Government placed more emphasis on other social services like; food subsidies, police, fire services, housing, community management, policy research, information and labour, followed by Health, and Education being the least. Based on the findings, the st...
This study employs quantile regression analysis to examine possible non-linearity in the determin... more This study employs quantile regression analysis to examine possible non-linearity in the determinants of corporate effective tax rate (ETR). The results generally indicate that the examined determinants have significant impact on ETR along the decides and confirm non-linearity in the distribution of ETR. Firm size, firm leverage and inventory intensity are most influential variables while capital intensity and profitability are fairly influential across the ETR of firms. However, tax expert, firm size and inventory intensity are the most influential for firms with lower ETR. The study also confirms that large firms enjoy political clout but smaller firms are also able to reduce their fiscal pressure. The influence of human controllable factors is also evident in the study.
This study aims to determine the relationship between the chemical compositions of twenty-five (2... more This study aims to determine the relationship between the chemical compositions of twenty-five (25) soft drinks sold in Nigeria. Sample concentration of twenty-five (25) soft drinks used in the study was collected from the National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was employed to explain the relationship between the chemical compositions and determine the soft drinks' chemical composition distribution. The result has shown that all except acidity and antioxidant has a significantly strong positive relationship among the chemical structures. PCA suggested retaining three components that explained about 82.465 per cent of the data set's total variability. It was observed that carbonated water, fructose, sucrose, main concentration, stabiliser, E412, colouring and gelatin were the major compositions of the soft drinks in Nigeria, Base on the findings in this study, it is recommendations that; Consumers who are alle...
This research paper is design to investigate the dynamics of interrelationships between/among Ter... more This research paper is design to investigate the dynamics of interrelationships between/among Terrorism, Tourism, and GDP growth in Nigeria. This study used number of terrorist attack, and number of international tourist arrivals as proxy for Terrorism and Tourism respectively. Time series techniques including Unit Root Test, VAR test for serial correlation and ARCH, CUSUM test for stability, Impulse Response Function were used with data from 1st Quarter 1981 to 4th Quarter 2013. The results of the unit root tests are reported in Table 2. The results indicate that Terrorism, Tourism, and GDP growth are stationary at level. The CUSUM-test showed that all the residuals are stable over long run coefficient and short run dynamics. The results indicate the absence of any instability of the coefficients because the plots of the CUSUM statistics fall inside the critical bands of the 5% confidence intervals of parameter stability. The Impulse Response Function analysis showed that an innovation into terrorism tends to decrease in GDP growth. Thus, there is an urgent need for the government to stop the activities of the terrorists if Nigeria is to promote her economic growth.
The study examine the effect of Government's expenditure on economic and social services deve... more The study examine the effect of Government's expenditure on economic and social services development in Nigeria over the period of 1961 to 2018. The study used Canonical Correlation Analysis, the test carried out include; Structure Vector for Economic and social Service and Redundancy Index. The result reveals that strong positive relationship exists between national recurrent expenditure and economic service and Social service. The study also discover that Nigeria Government placed more emphasis on other economic services like; Oil and gas, trade, infrastructure and manufacturing, followed by Transport and Communication, Construction, and Agriculture being the least. In the case of the Social service, it was discovered that Nigeria Government placed more emphasis on other social services like; food subsidies, police, fire services, housing, community management, policy research, information and labour, followed by Health, and Education being the least. Based on the findings, th...
This paper examines the exchange rate volatility with GARCH-type model of the daily exchange rate... more This paper examines the exchange rate volatility with GARCH-type model of the daily exchange rate return series from January 2012 – August 2016 for Naira/Chinese Yuan, Naira/India Rupees, Naira/Spain Euro, Naira/UK Pounds and Naira/US Dollar returns. The studies compare estimates of variants of GARCH (1, 1), EGARCH (1, 1), TGARCH (1,1) and GJR-GARCH (1,1) models. The result from all models indict presence of volatility in the five currencies and equally indicate that most of the asymmetric models rejected the existence of a leverage effect except for models with volatility break. For GARCH (1, 1), GJR-GARCH (1, 1,) EGARCH (1,1) and TGARCH (1, 1), it was observed that India have the best exchange rate with the highest log-likelihood (Log L) and the lowest AIC and BIC followed by USA, China, Spain and United Kingdom respectively. The four models was later compared for the exchange rates of the five countries under consideration i.e. China, India, Spain, UK and USA to select the best ...
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