Aim: To study what medication fathers are being prescribed in the months preceding conception. Me... more Aim: To study what medication fathers are being prescribed in the months preceding conception. Methods: A retrospective cohort study of Danish national registries, comprising all births in Denmark 1997–2017 (1.3 million births). Time trends and absolute levels of paternal prescription medication in the 6 months prior to conception were assessed. While all medications were examined ( N = 1335), we focused on the main medication groups, medications that have increased in use over time, and medications for which previous evidence exists of an effect on sperm quality. Results: The average number of prescriptions increased over the study period (from 0.75 prescriptions to 0.82 per birth). Polypharmacy (three or more prescriptions) increased from less than 8% to 10% of fathers. The use of pain medication, proton-pump inhibitors, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and some inhalants have all increased markedly over the last 20 years. Conclusions: Potential harm to the offspring done b...
STUDY QUESTION Is fecundity, measured as self-reported time to first pregnancy (TTP), a marker fo... more STUDY QUESTION Is fecundity, measured as self-reported time to first pregnancy (TTP), a marker for subsequent health and survival? SUMMARY ANSWER Long TTP was a marker for increased mortality among women and higher hospitalization rates for both women and men. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Poor semen quality has been linked to increased mortality and morbidity from a wide range of diseases. Associations among fecundity, health and survival among women are still uncertain and studies on actual measures of fecundity and health outcomes are rare. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION We performed a prospective cohort study of 7825 women and 6279 men, aged 18 and above with measures on first TTP, who participated in one of the Danish nation-wide twin surveys in 1994 (twins born 1953–1976) and 1998 (twins born 1931–1952). They were followed-up for mortality and hospital admissions from the interview until 2018. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Twins were identified in the Danish Twin Registry and...
Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-sjp-10.1177_1403494820987468 for Paternal prescription medication... more Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-sjp-10.1177_1403494820987468 for Paternal prescription medication before conception: A retrospective cohort study of all births in Denmark 1997–2017 by M.J. Wensink, S. Rizzi, T.K. Jensen, N.E. Skakkebaek, Y. Lu, R. Lindahl-Jacobsen and M.L. Eisenberg in Scandinavian Journal of Public Health
Is parental age at delivery associated with a man&amp... more Is parental age at delivery associated with a man's semen quality? In this large register-based study both mother's and father's age are found to have minimal effects on semen quality in men. Both maternal and paternal age have been associated with a range of adverse health effects in the offspring. Given the varied health effects of parental age upon offspring, and the sensitivity of genital development to external factors, it is plausible that the age of a man's mother and father at conception may impact his reproductive health. To our knowledge this is the first examination of the effects of parental age on semen quality. A retrospective cohort study of 10 965 men with semen data and parental data. The study was based on Danish men referred to the Copenhagen Sperm Analysis Laboratory due to infertility in their partnership. Men born from 1960 and delivering a semen sample until year 2000 were included. The men were linked to the Danish Civil Registration System to obtain information on parent's age at delivery. Logistic regression analyses were used to calculate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for impaired semen quality. Linear regression analyses were used to examine a relationship between semen parameters and paternal age. There were no convincing effect of either mother's or father's age on a man's semen quality. As no trends were noted, the few statistically significant results are likely attributable to chance. Information regarding individual subject characteristics which may impact sperm production (i.e. smoking, BMI) were not available. While our sample size was large, we cannot exclude the possibility that a trend may have been identified with a still larger sample. In addition, the Danish Civil Registration System is merely administrative and hence does not discriminate between biological and adopted children. However, the low rate of adoption (≈2%) suggests that misclassification would have a minimal impact. The men were all referred to the laboratory for infertility problems in their partnership and, therefore, do not represent the general population. We, however, compared semen quality among men within the cohort, and it is therefore less important whether they, in fact, represent the general population. The current study found no link between parental age and a son's semen quality, suggesting other factors may explain recent impairments in…
Is parental age at delivery associated with a man&amp... more Is parental age at delivery associated with a man's semen quality? In this large register-based study both mother's and father's age are found to have minimal effects on semen quality in men. Both maternal and paternal age have been associated with a range of adverse health effects in the offspring. Given the varied health effects of parental age upon offspring, and the sensitivity of genital development to external factors, it is plausible that the age of a man's mother and father at conception may impact his reproductive health. To our knowledge this is the first examination of the effects of parental age on semen quality. A retrospective cohort study of 10 965 men with semen data and parental data. The study was based on Danish men referred to the Copenhagen Sperm Analysis Laboratory due to infertility in their partnership. Men born from 1960 and delivering a semen sample until year 2000 were included. The men were linked to the Danish Civil Registration System to obtain information on parent's age at delivery. Logistic regression analyses were used to calculate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for impaired semen quality. Linear regression analyses were used to examine a relationship between semen parameters and paternal age. There were no convincing effect of either mother's or father's age on a man's semen quality. As no trends were noted, the few statistically significant results are likely attributable to chance. Information regarding individual subject characteristics which may impact sperm production (i.e. smoking, BMI) were not available. While our sample size was large, we cannot exclude the possibility that a trend may have been identified with a still larger sample. In addition, the Danish Civil Registration System is merely administrative and hence does not discriminate between biological and adopted children. However, the low rate of adoption (≈2%) suggests that misclassification would have a minimal impact. The men were all referred to the laboratory for infertility problems in their partnership and, therefore, do not represent the general population. We, however, compared semen quality among men within the cohort, and it is therefore less important whether they, in fact, represent the general population. The current study found no link between parental age and a son's semen quality, suggesting other factors may explain recent impairments in…
In Utah, the prevalence of unhealthy male risk behaviors are lower than in most other male popula... more In Utah, the prevalence of unhealthy male risk behaviors are lower than in most other male populations, whereas women experience higher mortality risk because of higher fertility rates. Therefore, we hypothesize that the Utah sex differential in mortality would be small and less than in Sweden and Denmark. Life tables from Utah, Denmark, and Sweden were used to calculate cohort life expectancies for men and women born in 1850-1910. The sex difference in cohort life expectancy was similar or larger in Utah when compared with Denmark and Sweden. The change over time in the sex differences in cohort life expectancy was approximately 2 years smaller for active Mormons in Utah than for other groups suggesting lifestyle as an important component for the overall change seen in cohort life expectancy. Sex differences in cohort life expectancy at the age of 50 years were similar for individuals actively affiliated with the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and for Denmark and Sweden. The hypothesis that a smaller sex difference in cohort life expectancies in Utah would be detected in relation to Denmark and Sweden was not supported. In Utah, the male-female differences in life expectancy remain substantial pointing toward biological mechanisms or other unmeasured risk factors.
In Utah, the prevalence of unhealthy male risk behaviors are lower than in most other male popula... more In Utah, the prevalence of unhealthy male risk behaviors are lower than in most other male populations, whereas women experience higher mortality risk because of higher fertility rates. Therefore, we hypothesize that the Utah sex differential in mortality would be small and less than in Sweden and Denmark. Life tables from Utah, Denmark, and Sweden were used to calculate cohort life expectancies for men and women born in 1850-1910. The sex difference in cohort life expectancy was similar or larger in Utah when compared with Denmark and Sweden. The change over time in the sex differences in cohort life expectancy was approximately 2 years smaller for active Mormons in Utah than for other groups suggesting lifestyle as an important component for the overall change seen in cohort life expectancy. Sex differences in cohort life expectancy at the age of 50 years were similar for individuals actively affiliated with the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and for Denmark and Sweden. The hypothesis that a smaller sex difference in cohort life expectancies in Utah would be detected in relation to Denmark and Sweden was not supported. In Utah, the male-female differences in life expectancy remain substantial pointing toward biological mechanisms or other unmeasured risk factors.
In Utah, the prevalence of unhealthy male risk behaviors are lower than in most other male popula... more In Utah, the prevalence of unhealthy male risk behaviors are lower than in most other male populations, whereas women experience higher mortality risk because of higher fertility rates. Therefore, we hypothesize that the Utah sex differential in mortality would be small and less than in Sweden and Denmark. Life tables from Utah, Denmark, and Sweden were used to calculate cohort life expectancies for men and women born in 1850-1910. The sex difference in cohort life expectancy was similar or larger in Utah when compared with Denmark and Sweden. The change over time in the sex differences in cohort life expectancy was approximately 2 years smaller for active Mormons in Utah than for other groups suggesting lifestyle as an important component for the overall change seen in cohort life expectancy. Sex differences in cohort life expectancy at the age of 50 years were similar for individuals actively affiliated with the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and for Denmark and Sweden. The hypothesis that a smaller sex difference in cohort life expectancies in Utah would be detected in relation to Denmark and Sweden was not supported. In Utah, the male-female differences in life expectancy remain substantial pointing toward biological mechanisms or other unmeasured risk factors.
Aim: To study what medication fathers are being prescribed in the months preceding conception. Me... more Aim: To study what medication fathers are being prescribed in the months preceding conception. Methods: A retrospective cohort study of Danish national registries, comprising all births in Denmark 1997–2017 (1.3 million births). Time trends and absolute levels of paternal prescription medication in the 6 months prior to conception were assessed. While all medications were examined ( N = 1335), we focused on the main medication groups, medications that have increased in use over time, and medications for which previous evidence exists of an effect on sperm quality. Results: The average number of prescriptions increased over the study period (from 0.75 prescriptions to 0.82 per birth). Polypharmacy (three or more prescriptions) increased from less than 8% to 10% of fathers. The use of pain medication, proton-pump inhibitors, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and some inhalants have all increased markedly over the last 20 years. Conclusions: Potential harm to the offspring done b...
STUDY QUESTION Is fecundity, measured as self-reported time to first pregnancy (TTP), a marker fo... more STUDY QUESTION Is fecundity, measured as self-reported time to first pregnancy (TTP), a marker for subsequent health and survival? SUMMARY ANSWER Long TTP was a marker for increased mortality among women and higher hospitalization rates for both women and men. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Poor semen quality has been linked to increased mortality and morbidity from a wide range of diseases. Associations among fecundity, health and survival among women are still uncertain and studies on actual measures of fecundity and health outcomes are rare. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION We performed a prospective cohort study of 7825 women and 6279 men, aged 18 and above with measures on first TTP, who participated in one of the Danish nation-wide twin surveys in 1994 (twins born 1953–1976) and 1998 (twins born 1931–1952). They were followed-up for mortality and hospital admissions from the interview until 2018. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Twins were identified in the Danish Twin Registry and...
Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-sjp-10.1177_1403494820987468 for Paternal prescription medication... more Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-sjp-10.1177_1403494820987468 for Paternal prescription medication before conception: A retrospective cohort study of all births in Denmark 1997–2017 by M.J. Wensink, S. Rizzi, T.K. Jensen, N.E. Skakkebaek, Y. Lu, R. Lindahl-Jacobsen and M.L. Eisenberg in Scandinavian Journal of Public Health
Is parental age at delivery associated with a man&amp... more Is parental age at delivery associated with a man's semen quality? In this large register-based study both mother's and father's age are found to have minimal effects on semen quality in men. Both maternal and paternal age have been associated with a range of adverse health effects in the offspring. Given the varied health effects of parental age upon offspring, and the sensitivity of genital development to external factors, it is plausible that the age of a man's mother and father at conception may impact his reproductive health. To our knowledge this is the first examination of the effects of parental age on semen quality. A retrospective cohort study of 10 965 men with semen data and parental data. The study was based on Danish men referred to the Copenhagen Sperm Analysis Laboratory due to infertility in their partnership. Men born from 1960 and delivering a semen sample until year 2000 were included. The men were linked to the Danish Civil Registration System to obtain information on parent's age at delivery. Logistic regression analyses were used to calculate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for impaired semen quality. Linear regression analyses were used to examine a relationship between semen parameters and paternal age. There were no convincing effect of either mother's or father's age on a man's semen quality. As no trends were noted, the few statistically significant results are likely attributable to chance. Information regarding individual subject characteristics which may impact sperm production (i.e. smoking, BMI) were not available. While our sample size was large, we cannot exclude the possibility that a trend may have been identified with a still larger sample. In addition, the Danish Civil Registration System is merely administrative and hence does not discriminate between biological and adopted children. However, the low rate of adoption (≈2%) suggests that misclassification would have a minimal impact. The men were all referred to the laboratory for infertility problems in their partnership and, therefore, do not represent the general population. We, however, compared semen quality among men within the cohort, and it is therefore less important whether they, in fact, represent the general population. The current study found no link between parental age and a son's semen quality, suggesting other factors may explain recent impairments in…
Is parental age at delivery associated with a man&amp... more Is parental age at delivery associated with a man's semen quality? In this large register-based study both mother's and father's age are found to have minimal effects on semen quality in men. Both maternal and paternal age have been associated with a range of adverse health effects in the offspring. Given the varied health effects of parental age upon offspring, and the sensitivity of genital development to external factors, it is plausible that the age of a man's mother and father at conception may impact his reproductive health. To our knowledge this is the first examination of the effects of parental age on semen quality. A retrospective cohort study of 10 965 men with semen data and parental data. The study was based on Danish men referred to the Copenhagen Sperm Analysis Laboratory due to infertility in their partnership. Men born from 1960 and delivering a semen sample until year 2000 were included. The men were linked to the Danish Civil Registration System to obtain information on parent's age at delivery. Logistic regression analyses were used to calculate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for impaired semen quality. Linear regression analyses were used to examine a relationship between semen parameters and paternal age. There were no convincing effect of either mother's or father's age on a man's semen quality. As no trends were noted, the few statistically significant results are likely attributable to chance. Information regarding individual subject characteristics which may impact sperm production (i.e. smoking, BMI) were not available. While our sample size was large, we cannot exclude the possibility that a trend may have been identified with a still larger sample. In addition, the Danish Civil Registration System is merely administrative and hence does not discriminate between biological and adopted children. However, the low rate of adoption (≈2%) suggests that misclassification would have a minimal impact. The men were all referred to the laboratory for infertility problems in their partnership and, therefore, do not represent the general population. We, however, compared semen quality among men within the cohort, and it is therefore less important whether they, in fact, represent the general population. The current study found no link between parental age and a son's semen quality, suggesting other factors may explain recent impairments in…
In Utah, the prevalence of unhealthy male risk behaviors are lower than in most other male popula... more In Utah, the prevalence of unhealthy male risk behaviors are lower than in most other male populations, whereas women experience higher mortality risk because of higher fertility rates. Therefore, we hypothesize that the Utah sex differential in mortality would be small and less than in Sweden and Denmark. Life tables from Utah, Denmark, and Sweden were used to calculate cohort life expectancies for men and women born in 1850-1910. The sex difference in cohort life expectancy was similar or larger in Utah when compared with Denmark and Sweden. The change over time in the sex differences in cohort life expectancy was approximately 2 years smaller for active Mormons in Utah than for other groups suggesting lifestyle as an important component for the overall change seen in cohort life expectancy. Sex differences in cohort life expectancy at the age of 50 years were similar for individuals actively affiliated with the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and for Denmark and Sweden. The hypothesis that a smaller sex difference in cohort life expectancies in Utah would be detected in relation to Denmark and Sweden was not supported. In Utah, the male-female differences in life expectancy remain substantial pointing toward biological mechanisms or other unmeasured risk factors.
In Utah, the prevalence of unhealthy male risk behaviors are lower than in most other male popula... more In Utah, the prevalence of unhealthy male risk behaviors are lower than in most other male populations, whereas women experience higher mortality risk because of higher fertility rates. Therefore, we hypothesize that the Utah sex differential in mortality would be small and less than in Sweden and Denmark. Life tables from Utah, Denmark, and Sweden were used to calculate cohort life expectancies for men and women born in 1850-1910. The sex difference in cohort life expectancy was similar or larger in Utah when compared with Denmark and Sweden. The change over time in the sex differences in cohort life expectancy was approximately 2 years smaller for active Mormons in Utah than for other groups suggesting lifestyle as an important component for the overall change seen in cohort life expectancy. Sex differences in cohort life expectancy at the age of 50 years were similar for individuals actively affiliated with the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and for Denmark and Sweden. The hypothesis that a smaller sex difference in cohort life expectancies in Utah would be detected in relation to Denmark and Sweden was not supported. In Utah, the male-female differences in life expectancy remain substantial pointing toward biological mechanisms or other unmeasured risk factors.
In Utah, the prevalence of unhealthy male risk behaviors are lower than in most other male popula... more In Utah, the prevalence of unhealthy male risk behaviors are lower than in most other male populations, whereas women experience higher mortality risk because of higher fertility rates. Therefore, we hypothesize that the Utah sex differential in mortality would be small and less than in Sweden and Denmark. Life tables from Utah, Denmark, and Sweden were used to calculate cohort life expectancies for men and women born in 1850-1910. The sex difference in cohort life expectancy was similar or larger in Utah when compared with Denmark and Sweden. The change over time in the sex differences in cohort life expectancy was approximately 2 years smaller for active Mormons in Utah than for other groups suggesting lifestyle as an important component for the overall change seen in cohort life expectancy. Sex differences in cohort life expectancy at the age of 50 years were similar for individuals actively affiliated with the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and for Denmark and Sweden. The hypothesis that a smaller sex difference in cohort life expectancies in Utah would be detected in relation to Denmark and Sweden was not supported. In Utah, the male-female differences in life expectancy remain substantial pointing toward biological mechanisms or other unmeasured risk factors.
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