Dr.Rajkumar Nayak

We present new upper and lower bounds for the numerical radius of a bounded linear operator defined on a complex Hilbert space, which improve on the existing bounds. We also obtain some upper and lower bounds for the numerical radius of operator matrices and illustrate with numerical examples that these bounds are better than the existing bounds.

Valentine M. Moghadam (2003:33-36) has found that the position of women within the labor market in frequently studied as an empirical measure of women's status. For those who argue that women's economic dependence on men is the root cause of their disadvantages status, the gender composition of the labor force and change in the structure of labor force towards are key targets. Major factor of change is that the employed women tend to have greater control over decision making within the family. Households also benefit when women control income and spending and the well being of children is increasingly linked to female education and income. Many feminist regard women's involvement in paid employment as a path way to social and gender consciousness, autonomy and empowerment. Investment in women's education and employment is increasingly understood is integral to building the national human resources base. Now we can say that women's employment pattern are largely shaped by the political economy of the region and the female employment patterns are largely shaped by the political economy of the region and the female employment has been constrained by overall limited industrialization.On the basis of the above and other select studies we may state that selfmotivation is the most efficient factor to improve the condition of women in society. It is only due to secular education that women become aware of their rights and may give their major contribution in paid work and due to the participation of women in paid work; women are well positioned in the Society.

After globalization and privatization, new trends of commercialization of education and competition in education has been started. There is also more impact of mass media and internet on teenagers after globalization. Western culture depicted through mass media and internet has considerable impact on teenagers. Due to impact of education, in cities to a greater extent gender equality has been achieved. Consequently, the social culture of western countries has been started gradually in India. Alcoholism as part of western culture has become modern lifestyle among teenagers including girls, especially living in cities. But, it is noted that, alcoholism at a very lower age led to many of the social problems such as crimes and health problems such as liver problems, obesity, Hepatitis-B, etc. Women are basic foundations for civilized and healthy society. But alcoholism among girls at an early age, results in unhealthy society in future. Hence, there is needed to assess the problem of alcoholism among teenager girls and the present study is proved as significant in analyzing the social problem of alcoholism among teenage girls in Bokaro Steel city. Introduction: The present thesis entitled "Teenage Girls and Alcoholism: A Sociological Analysis" is an empirical study and analysis of fast increasing alcoholism among the teenage girls from sociological perspective, focusing specifically on its extent, causes and the consequences. Having analyzed and explained the various dimensions, manifestations and ramifications of alcoholism among teenage girls in the city of Bangalore, an attempt is made in this chapter to summarize the major findings and draw broad conclusions based on which suggestions of ameliorative, preventive and curative value could be made. Globalization and liberalization agreements were initiated by the Government twenty-five years back, which was aimed to get and share technology from the western countries. Along with such technology and investment transfer from western countries, the Indian culture has also gradually transforming. In other words, with the impact of western countries, there is increase in westernization of Indian culture. Consequently, few of the habits such as alcoholism and modern lifestyles, have spread in Indian society. Due to the impact of westernization and metropolitan culture, teenage girls are learning and even habituated alcoholism at an early age. They are unaware about the adverse effects of alcohol on physical and psychological health. Though, value education is imparted in schools and colleges, due to the impact of television, friends, internet, mobile phones, social networking, etc, many of the teenagers have become prey for alcoholism habits. When the causes for alcoholism are explored, there is impact of their friends, which is major reason for addiction to alcohol. Few of the teenagers have also started drinking by the impact of their alcoholic parents. Many of the teenage girls are also influenced by exaggeration of alcohol advertisements in television, internet, social networking, etc. In this way, alcoholism among teenagers in cosmopolitan cities and metropolitan cities is on the increase. Freedom from parents in family, more pocket money given by parents and lack of attention or negligence of children by parents are also playing influencing factors for increase in alcoholism among teenage girls in cities. Few of the teenage girls are facing few of the health problems derived from alcoholism and there is regular health checkup for a few of the teenage girls. Still, there is increase in alcoholism among teenage girls in cities like Bangalore. The researcher visited pubs, social parties (where alcoholic drinks are being served), hostels, schools and colleges to collect primary data needed for the research study. It is observed that, many of these teenage girls, though habituated to alcoholism; still they have rejected the same as they were afraid. Few of the teenage girls have also given incorrect data on their drinking habits and information collected from these teenage girls has not been considered. Finally, the primary data collected from the 240 teenage girls is found as reliable and true. As such, the findings were derived from analyzed data collected from 240 teenage girls. Rationale of the Study: After globalization and privatization, new trends of commercialization of education and competition in education has been started. There is also more impact of mass media and internet on teenagers after globalization. Western culture depicted through mass media and internet has considerable impact on teenagers. Due to impact of education, in cities to a greater extent gender equality has been achieved. Consequently, the social culture of western countries has been started gradually in India. Alcoholism as part of western culture has become modern lifestyle among teenagers including girls, especially living in cities. But, it is noted that, alcoholism at a very lower age led to many of the social problems such as crimes and health problems such as liver problems, obesity, Hepatitis-B, etc. Women are basic foundations for civilized and healthy society. But alcoholism among girls at an early age, results in unhealthy society in future. Hence, there is needed to assess the problem of alcoholism among teenager girls and the present study is proved as significant in analyzing the social problem of alcoholism among teenage girls in Bokaro city.

Education is the most crucial element for improving or influencing learning system and gathering of knowledge(in-depth knowledge), Skill, values, art, moral, laws, belief, formation of habit etc. on the other hand educational method includes lectures, demonstration, discussion, problem solving project method, storytelling method, direct and indirect discussion and interaction. Therefore, we can say education is the sum total of all systems and procedures to give holistic or optimal development of an individual. In general education takes place under the supervision of teacher or educator. Therefore, students or learners can improve themselves in accordance their potentialities and capacities. If we want to say the form of education in that case there are three general form of education i.e. Formal, informal and Non-Formal. Here learner can gather experience from not only institutional based education i.e. formal but also collective or social based education i.e. informal and Semi-formal form of education. RATIONALE OF THE STUDY The justification for this investigation is to know the impact of alienation, internet addiction and birth order on anxiety and academic achievement of college undergraduate students. The point of training is additionally all round improvement of character of the individual however significant accentuation is on scholarly advancement. Be that as it may, presently a day's understudies are very estranged from the contemplating condition. Alienation is a condition with in the brains of people that starts acting in various ways when they can't cop up with the social condition. Understudy alienation is a worldwide issue. It isn't kept to the limits of under creating nations and created nations. Wonder of alienation is moderate and methodical at the full of feeling level. It might have some particular Psychological fortifies, which may be available in specific sorts of characters. This can prompt such issues as pressure, anxiety, forlornness and alteration issues in understudies. In any case, each youngster goes to college with specific desires and wishes at the forefront of their thoughts. At the point when these desires are not met, they may feel

This has been extensively researched and promoted throughout the professional literature that concept of collaborative learning is very vital to achieve academic goals with group of subjects" 4. The word "collaborative learning refers to an education method in which subjects at numerous performance levels work together in small groups to achieve a mutual goal". Subjects are accountable for their own learning as well each another's. Therefore, the accomplishment of one subject can help other subjects to be fruitful. In recent years, secondary schools have implemented more and more computer rooms as well as multimedia-learning classrooms to provide an instrument information technology education. "Subjects work independently on computer-constructed instructional trainings for one or more periods. This learning environment might fit well for instructions personalized to individual needs, but it can also create multiple problems such as hostility, increasing anxiety and dullness when subjects use machines" 5. Subjects get secluded from each another in the sitting arrangement i.e. facing towards computer, subjects are discouraged from sharing material or backing to and by other subjects. "Social-Competence is an important ingredient of modern civilization: and is the essential attainment of the members of a progressive onward moving society" 76. "Social-Competence is the condition of possessing the social, emotional and intellectual skills and behaviors needed to succeed as a member of society" RATIONALE OF THE STUDY Personality of an individual is developed by three domains of education i.e. cognitive, affective and psychomotor. It is conjointly true that individual might not have inborn ability to perform the given task with efficiency thence all ways of instruction don't align with learning capacities of each individual learner. Teachers depend on group instruction in which subjects experience problems in understanding the concepts and projects. At high school stage, emotional and social pressure is increasing day by day. Subjects do not have the capacity and training to solve their problems which they face in their daily life. Children are

The present study regarding the academic procrastination reveals some astonishing facts. Procrastination or delaying means is human behavior in which the action of delaying or postponing his work. This observed by lots of people/students that shows only human tendencies Ferrari, O'Callaghan, Newbegin (2005). Procrastination is so common that it's widely used. Procrastination is the word meant just, delaying from the context. Procrastination is delaying doing something you should do, usually because you don't want to do. There are expressions which mean delaying such as putting off Shelving or delaying work. The problem of procrastination is much more serious then it seems to be. It is prevalent in all corners of the world. Students in schools and colleges face a face a very common problem about procrastination in academic field. Some others avoid for a longer time or ever forever. Even some students think that procrastination can lead them to mental stress, so they do less procrastination.

Today there is a major issue of cybercrime. It is huge territory shrouded as of late. Presently demonetization is a major factor of expanding cybercrime in light of the fact that for the most part exchanges are being done through net banking, paytm and different sources. After the demonetization (500 and 1000 rupees note boycott) individuals have no alternative for showcasing aside from cashless exchanges. It is just conceivable with web. For the most part individuals after demonetization are by methods for cashless exchange in this way cybercrime is at beguiling stage in India. Along these lines educator students ought to know about cybercrime and about preventive proportion of this issue. An instructor can show various understudies and mindful them about cybercrime issue. It is likewise influencing an Achievements, mental exhaustion and enthusiastic development. Each understudy invest such a great amount of energy in the web and thus they are disregarding study. They are not ready to alter their time between the web and study .They needs so much remarks, as dissimilar to. In the event that they get no remarks and not at all like and different things on their post, they become sad. These things influence such a great amount on understudies Achievements, mental weakness and passionate development. Their psyche doesn't permit to think about. Facebook, tweeter, social locales an excessive amount of join with understudies feelings. Generally understudies do various sorts of exercises on the web. There is a scores acquired, which demonstrates the exercises done by all understudies.

When you lose a parent, you realize how vital they are to the foundation of your life. It's impossible to understand what it means until that curtain is pulled. You're an orphan. But then I think that life is kind of remarkable, and the thing that causes the biggest pain can also bring amazing energy. Abstract:

High School Students by virtue of their having reached a crucial stage in their developmental life span and academics are vulnerable to disruptions in the normative development of their self-concept albeit self-esteem. The construct of self-esteem has been defined by Woolfolk (2005) as an affective act and encapsulates the value or worth we attach to our self assessments. It becomes vital to understand that global self esteem is the sum total of the values we attach to ourselves in various domains of our lives. Marsh (1986) provides an insight into how academic self esteem of students influences their academic pursuits and is an integral aspect of their global self esteem also. Since in our industrialized societies educational achievement is a necessary precursor to future career placements, it becomes imperative to acknowledge the role of latent factors of personality traits, intellectual capacities and affective orientations of the students in contributing to differential academic achievements. The self-esteem of a student thus serves as a barometer for the evaluations that are formed about his own self in totality. Also studies have shown that achievement in educational pursuits belies levels of academic self esteem. (Blanton, Crocher & Miller, 2000; Marsh, Byrne & Young 1999). Educational achievement and academic self esteem seems to be highly interrelated and each one influences the other. Nonetheless the foundation for academic achievement seems to be positive academic self esteem which has to be cultivated at an early stage of our lives. William and Montgomery (1995) warrant that research is needed to confirm the nature of educational achievement. According to the self consistency theory, self esteem shapes our behaviour because of the self consistency motive (Rosenberg, 1989), and that adolescents with high academic self esteem would act in ways to enhance it i.e. they would work harder to achieve their goals. In sum while analysing the literature on academic self esteem, an unexplored yet highly relevant issue that emerged was that the personality traits, intellectual capacities and

The study aimed at examining the role of critical thinking in ego identity statuses (identity achievement, identity moratorium, identity foreclosure and identity diffusion) among adolescents. Three hypotheses were formulated for empirical verification. These are: Identity achieved adolescents would be high on critical thinking as compared to diffusions, foreclosures and moratoriums; Moratorium adolescents would be high on critical thinking as compared to diffusions and foreclosures; Foreclosure adolescents would be high on critical thinking as compared to diffusions. The study was conducted on 100 adolescents (their age ranges between 17-21). The research methods include Extended

High School Students by virtue of their having reached a crucial stage in their developmental life span and academics are vulnerable to disruptions in the normative development of their self-concept albeit self-esteem. The construct of self-esteem has been defined by Woolfolk (2005) as an affective act and encapsulates the value or worth we attach to our self assessments. It becomes vital to understand that global self esteem is the sum total of the values we attach to ourselves in various domains of our lives. Marsh (1986) provides an insight into how academic self esteem of students influences their academic pursuits and is an integral aspect of their global self esteem also. Since in our industrialized societies educational achievement is a necessary precursor to future career placements, it becomes imperative to acknowledge the role of latent factors of personality traits, intellectual capacities and affective orientations of the students in contributing to differential academic achievements. The self-esteem of a student thus serves as a barometer for the evaluations that are formed about his own self in totality. Also studies have shown that achievement in educational pursuits belies levels of academic self esteem. (Blanton, Crocher & Miller, 2000; Marsh, Byrne & Young 1999). Educational achievement and academic self esteem seems to be highly interrelated and each one influences the other. Nonetheless the foundation for academic achievement seems to be positive academic self esteem which has to be cultivated at an early stage of our lives. William and Montgomery (1995) warrant that research is needed to confirm the nature of educational achievement. According to the self consistency theory, self esteem shapes our behaviour because of the self consistency motive (Rosenberg, 1989), and that adolescents with high academic self esteem would act in ways to enhance it i.e. they would work harder to achieve their goals. In sum while analysing the literature on academic self esteem, an unexplored yet highly relevant issue that emerged was that the personality traits, intellectual capacities and

It is well known to everyone that women are much more vulnerable towards physical as well as mental danger in comparison to men. And Manu's provisions of protection for the women folk are an assurance of significant status to women, recognizing their sensitivity towards social evils. Women were never treated deprived in comparison to men. In the society of the Manusmṛti people are classified to maintain peace and to attain spiritual upliftment on Hindu ideals.

In recent years, it is palpable that the rapid advancement of technology, industrialisation, betterment in means of transport and all that we call 'modern' has come with an alarming cost of environmental degradation. Global warming, Ozone layer depletion, increasing population, pollutions and disruptions in weather cycle are but slight indications of ever bigger catastrophes that lay yet ahead. The complacence of mankind towards such issues is only further aggravating the alarming situation. In cognizance of the above scenario, it is imperative that we combat such issues in a way that is effective and sustainable. The failure of countries to achieve SDGs, throws light on the fact that only policies at international and national levels is not the solution to this arduous problem. The proactive efforts by the common citizens across the world are actually the need of hour. However, to ensure that such proactive involvement perpetuates and continues, it is important that the young mass especially the ones in secondary level of education be educated, sensitised and trained about environment protection. Bringing the attitude level changes in secondary school children, thus would definitely go a long way in the substance of the efforts to a better environment and ultimately to a better future. Educating and training of the young mass would make our efforts for a better environment long lasting. For such to happen, the teachers teaching at the secondary level would have to be the torch bearers for bridging this gap between abstract idea and concrete action. Ultimately, teacher's attitude towards inclusion of environmental protection in curriculum of secondary schools of urban and rural areas has to be studied prima facie.

Value means something worthwhile, precious and something has price or for something we are ready to suffer and sacrifice. In different terms we can say that value means a set of rules or regulations of behavior. According to Dewey "the value means primarily to price, to esteem, to appraise and to estimate". That means the act of holding something, achieving something and also passing judgment upon nature and amount of values as compared to something else. It is really important that teachers also should be exposed to the traditional ethics and values of education through time to time training programmes. It is necessary that they are not only confined to their job of completing syllabus by following curriculum but also they should pay attention towards important and emerging issues of educational setup and play vital role to address them and put their voice and effort on that issues or topic when the need arises. They should open there mind and expand their vision to accept the process of modernization, globalization and liberalization from the academic point of view. Although it is their duties to be professionally sound for which they are assigned for. But it is also very important to create new horizon with conductive atmosphere for intellectually rigor and freedom of expression and quality of thought by which one can practice values in education.

The present Paper entitled "Mālatīmādhava of Bhavabhūti-A Critical Study" deals exclusively with a critical analysis of the Prakaraṇa Mālatīmādhava. Hence, an intensive study has been carried on with a view to establishing the fact that Mālatīmādhava is an elegant work of Bhavabhūti which has encompassed all the literary elements as also the various socio-cultural aspects of Indian society during early 8th century A.D. The present work is divided into five chapters. After fastidious observation which has been discussed in a greater detail in the preceding four chapters, a persuasive conclusion has been drawn here.

The Bhagavad Gita is the most treasured and famous of India's spiritual texts. Composed of 700 verses, the Bhagavad Gita was written in the third or fourth century BCE as part of the epic text the Mahabharata. The Gita, as it's commonly called, is a dialogue between Prince Arjuna and Sri Krishna, Arjuna's charioteer, friend and council. The story opens to the scene of a battlefield just prior to the start of a colossal war with Arjuna asking Krishna for guidance. Knowing that by engaging in this war family members and friends will be lost on both sides of the battle line, Arjuna is faced with a personal and ethical crisis. The resulting conversation between Arjuna and Krishna develops into a discourse on the nature of the soul, the purpose of one's life, and the threefold path of yoga. One of the main reasons the Gita is so cherished is due to its promotion and discussion of the middle path of yoga. Besides the Gita, many of the sacred texts and teachings of yoga advocate a complete renunciation of the world to lead the life of an ascetic or hermit. In the Gita, Krishna tells us that this is both a difficult and unnecessary practice. Krishna recommends the path of Karma Yoga or selfless service as the superior and quickest path to realizing the Divine. Once one is established in Karma Yoga, then one can proceed with the deeper practice of meditation, instructs Krishna. Towards the end of the Gita, Krishna places great importance on the role of devotion and faith in attaining the unitive state. All of these practices that Krishna gives such high praise to are easily practiced and incorporated into a normal everyday life. The Gita also heavily incorporates the yogic philosophies of karma, dharma, reincarnation, atman, brahman, maya and moksha within Krishna's responses to Arjuna's dilemma. Krishna patiently and eloquently teaches Arjuna how to apply these core philosophies to his life to relieve him from his suffering and to attain liberation and eternal happiness. And through hearing Krishna's examples and allegories we too learn how to further understand and apply these teachings within our daily lives. The Bhagavad Gita is a unique scripture in that it is considered both Shruti (divine revelation) and Smriti (ancient stories). The Gita serves as both an ancient story of Krishna leading Arjuna into battle and a spiritual text on the inner struggle for self-mastery and the attainment of happiness through yoga.

In recent years, it is palpable that the rapid advancement of technology, industrialisation, betterment in means of transport and all that we call 'modern' has come with an alarming cost of environmental degradation. Global warming, Ozone layer depletion, increasing population, pollutions and disruptions in weather cycle are but slight indications of ever bigger catastrophes that lay yet ahead. The complacence of mankind towards such issues is only further aggravating the alarming situation. In cognizance of the above scenario, it is imperative that we combat such issues in a way that is effective and sustainable. The failure of countries to achieve SDGs, throws light on the fact that only policies at international and national levels is not the solution to this arduous problem. The proactive efforts by the common citizens across the world are actually the need of hour. However, to ensure that such proactive involvement perpetuates and continues, it is important that the young mass especially the ones in secondary level of education be educated, sensitised and trained about environment protection. Bringing the attitude level changes in secondary school children, thus would definitely go a long way in the substance of the efforts to a better environment and ultimately to a better future. Educating and training of the young mass would make our efforts for a better environment long lasting. For such to happen, the teachers teaching at the secondary level would have to be the torch bearers for bridging this gap between abstract idea and concrete action. Ultimately, teacher's attitude towards inclusion of environmental protection in curriculum of secondary schools of urban and rural areas has to be studied prima facie.

Value means something worthwhile, precious and something has price or for something we are ready to suffer and sacrifice. In different terms we can say that value means a set of rules or regulations of behavior. According to Dewey "the value means primarily to price, to esteem, to appraise and to estimate". That means the act of holding something, achieving something and also passing judgment upon nature and amount of values as compared to something else. It is really important that teachers also should be exposed to the traditional ethics and values of education through time to time training programmes. It is necessary that they are not only confined to their job of completing syllabus by following curriculum but also they should pay attention towards important and emerging issues of educational setup and play vital role to address them and put their voice and effort on that issues or topic when the need arises. They should open there mind and expand their vision to accept the process of modernization, globalization and liberalization from the academic point of view. Although it is their duties to be professionally sound for which they are assigned for. But it is also very important to create new horizon with conductive atmosphere for intellectually rigor and freedom of expression and quality of thought by which one can practice values in education.

Study of Social Maturity of learning disabled secondary students is the "Title"of the study. To study the Levels and differences in the Social Maturity of learning disabled students and normal students are the objectives of the study. The sample of the study consists of 2000 (two thousand) secondary school students.

Study of concept formation of learning disabled secondary students is the "Title" of the study. To study the Levels and differences in the concept formation of learning disabled students and normal students are the objectives of the study. The sample of the study consists of 2000 (two thousand) secondary school students. Out of which 1752 are normal students and 248 are Learning disabled students. Check list for identifying learning disabled students, Social Economic Test

Then God formed man out of the dust of the ground and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life, and man became a living being.Man has made tremendous progress in almost every walk of life. Objects once considered impossible to be achieved have now been achieved by us. What we have achieved and accomplished today could not have been imagined in their dreams by our past generations. Modern scientists and researchers have absolutely changed our life style. Science has been incessantly pouring on us new materials and devices to make our life more happy and comfortable. However, pollution of environment has contaminated our body and mind. We witness despair and disappointment on the faces of our young generation. Signs of restlessness are apparently visible in the dry and dull eyes of our young men and women. Sloping shoulders, flat chests and bulging stomaches have become their characteristics. This research Paper dealt with Pranayam a part of Yoga education as depicted by Maharshi Patanjali as four padas or parts samadhiPada,Sadhanapada,Vibhutipada,Kaivalyapada. How did pranayam effect up on the holistic which related to spiritual realm of a mankind and its development experimented in this research.

A summarization of the different points of the various chapters of the entire thesis has been incorporated in this chapter. A summary, being the essence of the total work , contains the gist but lacks the details of logic and presentation. In the present summary, the chapter serials precede the point serials, so, the fourth point of the third chapter is denoted as 3.4 and so on. It is desirable to refer to the main body of the thesis whenever the summarized statements do not seem to convey the total meaning.

A summarization of the different points of the various chapters of the entire thesis has been incorporated in this chapter. A summary, being the essence of the total work , contains the gist but lacks the details of logic and presentation. In the present summary, the chapter serials precede the point serials, so, the fourth point of the third chapter is denoted as 3.4 and so on. It is desirable to refer to the main body of the thesis whenever the summarized statements do not seem to convey the total meaning.

"Oh little one, you are always playing. You are ever happy. You are indifferent to the joys and sorrows of the world. You are my guru." Said Abadhoota in Srimad Bhagabat, looking at a child playing. (Sahu, 2002) The one who descends on earth as the messenger of the past and ambassador of the future-containing within him/ herself all powers and possibilities is the child. Each child is unique. Each can express his/her unique potentialities if provided with adequate nurture, appropriate environment and the opportunity. Each one can flourish, shine in his / her own line. The world smiles when the child smiles. The child is not only a potential asset of family and nation but also the future of the world. It is the imperative need of citizens of the world to nourish and educate children leading to their total development and self-expression.Sound health can earn all success and happiness in life. A diseased life is disgusting and most painful which hampers all achievement. A diseased body produces a diseased/ depressed mind and weak thoughts. The rapid industrialisation by modern science and technology has created a situation which prevents man for care and attention on his/her personal health. Good health is nature's gift to man, but man by being occupied with the mechanical life style, has developed a tendency of drifting away from nature. And there is only one way to get out of this vicious circle of mechanical life style is "Pranayam". It is a science and art of better living. Every child in the world should be taught to Practise Pranayam. It enables their body and mind to function smoothly and efficiently and grow in accordance with the laws of nature. Pranayam has a lot of benefits on human life, Pranayam can provide to the human beings an easy solution for agitation, worries, anger, disappointment, fear and lust & other mental problems. More than that it increases the mental capacity, memory power, sharpness, understanding, foresight investigating power, grasping, wisdom intelligence, and other mental qualities. The child can lead a happy and disease-free life with the knowledge and regular Practice of Pranayam. Regular Practice of Pranayam creates the habit of deep breathing automatically. The most apparent benefits of Pranayam are increased oxygenation of blood and increased blood circulation.Generally speaking Pranayam is a system of rhythmic breathing, which strengthens their lungs, normalizes their blood circulation, thereby curing all diseases and giving them longevity. Much research has been done with regards to the effect of Yoga and Pranayam on the adults and the old on various aspects of their personality. But the effect of Pranayam on the school children on various aspects of their personality leading to their holistic development is yet to be found out, Hence the study.

From the whole study it was found that, there are no such relation beauty high, medium and low socioeconomic status with anorexia nervosa. The socioeconomic status does not affect the anorexia nervosa disease in college going adolescent female students at Balasore district. Also the parents are much more conscious with health and beauty of their daughters and always try to maintain a healthy life.

Women and girls face discrimination and violence in practically every aspect of life. The position of women was fairly satisfactory at the dawn of civilization during the Vedic Age. Medieval Period was not women's age. It was supposed to be the 'dark age' for them. Before Independence with the coming of the Muslims, the position of the Indian women greatly deteriorated, although it was retrieved to some extent during subsequent centuries. There were two major movements which affected the position of women. These were the Social Reform Movement of the 19th century and the Nationalist Movement of the 20th century. The status of women in modern India is a sort of a paradox in a way that if on one hand a woman is at the peak of the ladder of success, and on the other hand she is mutely suffering the violence afflicted on her by her own family members. The Constitution of India clearly states a concern for safeguarding the rights of women, who currently comprise approximately 48.3 percent of country's totalpopulation.

In the age of globalisation, teacher education has adopted scientific materialism but has ignored the holistic human values due to western scientific progress. In this process, development of conscience is being overlooked where competence without developing character is creating people with arrogance, insensitivity and intolerance. Traditional teacher education emphasise on acquisition neglecting internalisation. Value oriented teacher education has been emphasized in various policy documents in India and present two year B.Ed. teacher education curriculum accommodates value along with ethics and harmony and, address them as desired in NCF 2005. Education for value and peace in present course aims at broadening notions of student-teachers about peace and peace education, their relevance and connection to inner harmony as well as harmony in social relationships across individuals and groups, based on Constitutional values. Banaras Hindu University has also suitably incorporated value education in B.Ed. curriculum. Appropriate foundation, teaching learning cycle, pedagogy, and evaluations are other factors necessary for strengthening of value education. Value oriented education is getting adequate attention in India as evident in current teacher education curriculum but it needs further strengthening by incorporating desired methods and regular monitoring. Present paper examines value oriented teacher education as emerging need, analyzes its Indian context especially curriculum framework and pedagogy, describes foundation, teaching learning cycle, pedagogy, and evaluations aspects to strengthen the value-oriented teacher education recommending its implementation in true spirit with sincere concerted efforts.

The MHRD, Government of India, document on 'Restructuring and Reorganization of the Centrally Sponsored Scheme on Teacher Education: Guidelines for implementation (2012) has given clear policy directives for continuing professional development and capacity building of teacher educators across all levels of education (Ch. XI; 2:39(f)) : DIET faculty (4:32), academic staff of CTE (5:6), and faculty of IASEs (6:7). The document envisages faculty development to be a continuous process in order to upgrade the knowledge and skills of their faculty and ensure that the nation's children have access to quality teachers and quality education in its schools. How best can we discharge this function and make our efforts bear the desired results and explore newer and effective ways form the core of discussion in this paper.-Thomas Vadaya The Present Scenario Continuing professional development of teacher educators has always been in place. But today it has got a renewed mandate under Teacher Education Mission. The question is how seriously it is being pursued and with what results. We only need to look at the results to decide what processes need to be put in place. Anything that we do needs to be goal oriented. Are our present efforts giving us the results in terms of the goals? If they do not and yet we continue with them, it smacks of ritualism. If we do the same things over and over, we only get the same results. So if we want different results, we need to change our actions! There are a couple of things that I would like to point out with regard to our present efforts with the continuing education of teacher educators. First of all, it is a top down approach. The authorities decide what the teacher educators need to learn. It is something that is done to them. Therefore, most educators resist it and yet go through with it lest they invite negative consequences for themselves. If this is the case, it goes against the very fundamentals of what learning is. For any serious learning, the learner engagement is an absolute necessity. If we further reflect on the scenario, this is how education is practiced in schools – pushing information and knowledge on students who are unwilling to learn! Secondly, the approach to training is mostly didactic and prescriptive. It may sound very erudite and one may get the feeling of becoming knowledgeable. But its take home effect and the ability to put it into practice is negligible. Just getting informed does not suffice for the purpose of professional development. Thirdly, often professional development efforts are clinical and find fault with the present practices. This will only serve to further dis-empower the teacher educators. If this is so, it would be like the treatment becoming worse than the disease itself. This is not to deny the fact that there are things that need to be changed. What is professional development? Professional development is not a quick fix, one shot affair. No one is a full blown professional at the end of a professional education degree like that of a B.Ed., M.Ed., or Ph.D. Neither are we just " born teachers ". As teacher educators we are in the process of " becoming " effective teachers. We need to discover who we are and what we stand for, our intentions both for ourselves and for the profession of our choice, and how we want to express ourselves as persons and contribute to the causes we have espoused. We do this through ongoing and consistent study, through our deliberate practice as well as reflection on our practice

When we rise in the morning and listen to the radio or read the newspaper, we are confronted with the same sad news: violence, crime, wars, and disasters. WE cannot recall a single day without a report of something terrible happening somewhere. Even in these modern times it is clear that one's precious life is not safe. No former generation has had to experience so much bad news as we face today; this constant awareness of fear and tension should make any sensitive and compassionate person question seriously the progress of our modern world.It is ironic that the more serious problems emanate from the more industrially advanced societies. Science and technology have worked wonders in many fields, but the basic human problems remain. There is unprecedented literacy, yet this universal education does not seem to have fostered goodness, but only mental restlessness and discontent instead. There is no doubt about the increase in our material progress and technology, but somehow this is not sufficient as we have not yet succeeded in bringing about peace and happiness or in overcoming suffering. We can only conclude that there must be something seriously wrong with our progress and development, and if we do not check it in time there could be disastrous consequences for the future of humanity. We arenot at all against science and technology-they have contributed immensely to the overall experience of humankind; to our material comfort and well-being and to our greater understanding of the world we live in. But if we give too much emphasis to science and technology we are in danger of losing touch with those aspects of human knowledge and understanding that aspire towards honesty and altruism.Science and technology, though capable of creating immeasurable material comfort, cannot replace the age-old spiritual and humanitarian values that have largely shaped world civilization, in all its national forms, as we know it today. No one can deny the unprecedented material benefit of science and technology, but our basic human problems remain; we are still faced with the same, if not more, suffering, fear, and tension. Thus it is only logical to try to strike a balance between material developments on the one hand and the development of spiritual, human values on the other. In order to bring about this great adjustment, we need to revive our humanitarian values. We aresure that many people share my concern about the present worldwide moral crisis and will join in my appeal to all humanitarians and religious practitioners who also share this concern to help make our societies more compassionate, just, and equitable. WE do not speak as a Buddhist or even as a Tibetan. Nor do WE speak as an expert on international politics (though WE unavoidably comment on these matters). Rather, WE speak simply as a human being, as an upholder of the humanitarian values that are the bedrock not only of Mahayana Buddhism but of all the great world religions. From this perspective WE share with you my personal outlook-that:

Teaching is the profession where one can make real contribution to lives of people. No other profession provides such deep personal satisfaction. Teacher is the chief agent in a democratic community’s efforts to improve itself. They are the kingpins who affect the students and in turn the whole society. It is all within their capacity to make a good citizens or people considered to be stigmas on the society, from the unmolded heap of brains. One of the Behaviourist Psychologist Watson has said, “Give me a dozen healthy infants, well-formed, and my own specified world to being them up in, and I, guarantee to take anyone at random and train him to become any type of specialist”. But at present in India the devoted teachers are not in plenty. Therefore the standards of education are being lowered. Curriculum and the system of education are also to be blamed for this state of affairs. In present times when teacher’s pay scales are much better than what they were in past, they are still identified as discontented persons. Most of them look upon teaching as a job for which they pay cheque is only award. They are disillusioned cynical and bitter over the inadequacies and the inconsistencies insofar as their place in the society is concerned. The really tragic teacher is he who feels keenly that he is giving his bets to an unworthy cause, fighting a battle under a flag that he does not honour. Such teachers do not take teaching in its real spirit as the profession demands. We have the tradition of ‘Gurus’ in this country. While the teacher does not replace parents but complements their tasks most parents have not been found equal to their responsibilities. “Nation’s well being depends on teacher’s well being. Our teachers are the custodian of our future.” Mrs. Indira Gandhi. Modern teacher has an important role to play to shape of the future of the country. They are the one who show us the right path as someone has rightly said “Teacher is just like a lamp, who burns itself to light others”.     
Key Words:Teacher Education,Professionalim,Teaching Profession,SocialTransformation

This Paper deals with Autism, which is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impaired social interaction, impaired verbal and non-verbal communication, and restricted and repetitive behavior. Parents usually notice signs in the first two years of their child's life. These signs often develop gradually, though some children with autism reach their developmental milestones at a normal pace and then regress.  The diagnostic criteria require that symptoms become apparent in early childhood, typically before age three. Autism is caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors.  Some cases are strongly associated with certain infections during pregnancy including rubella and use of alcohol or cocaine.  Controversies surround other proposed environmental causes;  for example the vaccine hypotheses, which have since been disproven. Autism affects information processing in the brain by altering how nerve cells and their synapses connect and organize; how this occurs is not well understood.  In the DSM V, autism is included within the autism spectrum (ASDs), as is Asperger syndrome, which lacks delays in cognitive development and language, and pervasive developmental disorder, not otherwise specified (commonly abbreviated as PDD-NOS), which was diagnosed when the full set of criteria for autism or Asperger syndrome were not met. Early speech or behavioral interventions can help children with autism gain self-care, social, and communication skills.  Although there is no known cure,  there have been reported cases of children who recovered.  Not many children with autism live independently after reaching adulthood, though some become successful.  An autistic culture has developed, with some individuals seeking a cure and others believing autism should be accepted as a difference and not treated as a disorder. Globally, autism is estimated to affect 24.8 million people as of 2015.  As of 2010, the number of people affected is estimated at about 1–2 per 1,000 worldwide. It occurs four to five times more often in boys than girls. About 1.5% of children in the United States (one in 68) are diagnosed with ASD as of 2014, a 30% increase from one in 88 in 2012.  The rate of autism among adults aged 18 years and over in the United Kingdom is 1.1%.  The number of people diagnosed has been increasing dramatically since the 1980s, partly due to changes in diagnostic practice;  the question of whether actual rates have increased is unresolved.
Key Words: Autism, Repetitive Behaviour, Autism Spectrum, Teaching, Adult, Children