Soil fertilizing the old-fashioned way, with raw manure, is a well-known procedure to increase la... more Soil fertilizing the old-fashioned way, with raw manure, is a well-known procedure to increase land productivity. However, the fertilization value of organic amendment to the soil depends among others, on the composition of manure and manure application rates, timing and placement. When a rainfall event occurs soon after organic fertilizer application, it might help increase nutrient and pathogen concentrations in superficial runoff, carrying out negative consequences on water quality. The aim of this research was to study the effect of variable rates of poultry manure application and landscape slope on bacterial pathogens, nutrients and sediment transport with surface runoff. Experimental assays were performed with an indoor rainfall simulator; a constant 25 mm. h-1 intensity was applied for 2.5 hours. We evaluated interactions between slopes (2%, 4% and 9%) and application rates of poultry manure. Trial conditions tested tend to reproduce the typical farming practices applied in the central area of Iowa State, which is part of the productive area known as the Corn Belt (USA). Nutrient present in surface runoff showed a positive correlation with manure application rates. Also, when manure application rate was doubled, E. coli FCU increased correspondingly. This study emphasized the need for proper manure management (rate and timings of application) in order to optimize fertilization efficiency and to avoid negative impacts on downstream water quality of productive areas and on the ecological systems surrounding them.Fil: Delgado, María Isabel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Kanwar, Ramesh. Lovely Professional University; India. University of Iowa; Estados UnidosFil: Pederson, Carl. University of Iowa; Estados UnidosFil: Hoang, Chi. University of Iowa; Estados UnidosFil: Nguye, Huy. University of Iowa; Estados Unido
Iowa State University does not discriminate on the basis of race, color, age, religion, national ... more Iowa State University does not discriminate on the basis of race, color, age, religion, national origin, sexual
Education must constantly be adapted to new needs. Educational tasks determine new styles of teac... more Education must constantly be adapted to new needs. Educational tasks determine new styles of teachers' work and also their competences, showing that the effects of the course of didactic process depend on the teacher's awareness to a large extent, way of understanding of the school's reality and the students themselves. Currently the media are ever-present. The teacher must be aware of the influence of outside school interference and psychological barriers related to the communication process. Mass media and hypermedia shape new patterns and new values. The 'overheated' and synthetic announcements often limit the intellectual effort and the critical thinking. On the other hand e-communication is a stimulator of mass education. It requires from teachers use of strategies leading to rebuilding the earlier structure of students' knowledge, creating different structures in connection with new students' concepts and needs in response to new information. The su...
A study was conducted to develop a computer model to simulate the spatial variability of field-me... more A study was conducted to develop a computer model to simulate the spatial variability of field-measure d saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) using Fourier series analysis. Ks measurements, both in situ and in the laboratory, were made at 150 and 300 mm depths at regular intervals of 4.6 m on two perpendicular transects crossing each other at the centre of a
Phytoparasitic nematodes are important pests that cause severe crop yield losses. In the past, me... more Phytoparasitic nematodes are important pests that cause severe crop yield losses. In the past, methyl bromide and other proprietary nematicides have been used as management practices, but these practices are unsustainable and lead to atmospheric pollution and ozone layer destruction. Ozonation was studied as an alternative management practice since it is highly effective against microorganisms and degenerates quickly to oxygen. Soil samples that were naturally infested with nematodes were treated with different levels of gaseous ozone at 21 oC and 5 oC. Regression analysis results show that a medium level of ozonation (2.1 g O3 kg -1 for 15 min at a rate of ozonation 0.14 g O3 kg -1 min-1) and low temperature (5 oC) resulted in 94% mean nematode inhibition. The data and analysis results imply that ozone may be an efficient and sustainable alternative to other practices.
An ozonation study was conducted for inactivating Fusarium oxysporum, which causes Fusarium wilt,... more An ozonation study was conducted for inactivating Fusarium oxysporum, which causes Fusarium wilt, the most serious soil-borne disease in hydroponic cultivation systems. Samples of conidial suspensi...
Agricultural engineers made significant contributions to the farming community in the 21 century ... more Agricultural engineers made significant contributions to the farming community in the 21 century by improving efficiency of various farming operations, increasing farm incomes, and making life of a farmer more comfortable by mechanizing many of the labor intensive tasks of agricultural production. Mechanization of agriculture is considered to be one of the top 20 technological advancements of the 20 century. With the success of agricultural engineering profession in the 20 century to increase overall global food production, the future challenges of the 21 century still remain not only to feed the current population of 6.5 billion in 2009 but to feed an increasing population of 9.5 billion people in 2050. Despite huge gains in food production, there is still widespread hunger and malnutrition in the world. The problem of world hunger will not be solved until we solve the issue of poor man’s access to food and every farmer’s access to land, water, credit, and education on this planet....
Soil fertilizing the old-fashioned way, with raw manure, is a well-known procedure to increase la... more Soil fertilizing the old-fashioned way, with raw manure, is a well-known procedure to increase land productivity. However, the fertilization value of organic amendment to the soil depends among others, on the composition of manure and manure application rates, timing and placement. When a rainfall event occurs soon after organic fertilizer application, it might help increase nutrient and pathogen concentrations in superficial runoff, carrying out negative consequences on water quality. The aim of this research was to study the effect of variable rates of poultry manure application and landscape slope on bacterial pathogens, nutrients and sediment transport with surface runoff. Experimental assays were performed with an indoor rainfall simulator; a constant 25 mm. h-1 intensity was applied for 2.5 hours. We evaluated interactions between slopes (2%, 4% and 9%) and application rates of poultry manure. Trial conditions tested tend to reproduce the typical farming practices applied in the central area of Iowa State, which is part of the productive area known as the Corn Belt (USA). Nutrient present in surface runoff showed a positive correlation with manure application rates. Also, when manure application rate was doubled, E. coli FCU increased correspondingly. This study emphasized the need for proper manure management (rate and timings of application) in order to optimize fertilization efficiency and to avoid negative impacts on downstream water quality of productive areas and on the ecological systems surrounding them.Fil: Delgado, María Isabel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Kanwar, Ramesh. Lovely Professional University; India. University of Iowa; Estados UnidosFil: Pederson, Carl. University of Iowa; Estados UnidosFil: Hoang, Chi. University of Iowa; Estados UnidosFil: Nguye, Huy. University of Iowa; Estados Unido
Iowa State University does not discriminate on the basis of race, color, age, religion, national ... more Iowa State University does not discriminate on the basis of race, color, age, religion, national origin, sexual
Education must constantly be adapted to new needs. Educational tasks determine new styles of teac... more Education must constantly be adapted to new needs. Educational tasks determine new styles of teachers' work and also their competences, showing that the effects of the course of didactic process depend on the teacher's awareness to a large extent, way of understanding of the school's reality and the students themselves. Currently the media are ever-present. The teacher must be aware of the influence of outside school interference and psychological barriers related to the communication process. Mass media and hypermedia shape new patterns and new values. The 'overheated' and synthetic announcements often limit the intellectual effort and the critical thinking. On the other hand e-communication is a stimulator of mass education. It requires from teachers use of strategies leading to rebuilding the earlier structure of students' knowledge, creating different structures in connection with new students' concepts and needs in response to new information. The su...
A study was conducted to develop a computer model to simulate the spatial variability of field-me... more A study was conducted to develop a computer model to simulate the spatial variability of field-measure d saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) using Fourier series analysis. Ks measurements, both in situ and in the laboratory, were made at 150 and 300 mm depths at regular intervals of 4.6 m on two perpendicular transects crossing each other at the centre of a
Phytoparasitic nematodes are important pests that cause severe crop yield losses. In the past, me... more Phytoparasitic nematodes are important pests that cause severe crop yield losses. In the past, methyl bromide and other proprietary nematicides have been used as management practices, but these practices are unsustainable and lead to atmospheric pollution and ozone layer destruction. Ozonation was studied as an alternative management practice since it is highly effective against microorganisms and degenerates quickly to oxygen. Soil samples that were naturally infested with nematodes were treated with different levels of gaseous ozone at 21 oC and 5 oC. Regression analysis results show that a medium level of ozonation (2.1 g O3 kg -1 for 15 min at a rate of ozonation 0.14 g O3 kg -1 min-1) and low temperature (5 oC) resulted in 94% mean nematode inhibition. The data and analysis results imply that ozone may be an efficient and sustainable alternative to other practices.
An ozonation study was conducted for inactivating Fusarium oxysporum, which causes Fusarium wilt,... more An ozonation study was conducted for inactivating Fusarium oxysporum, which causes Fusarium wilt, the most serious soil-borne disease in hydroponic cultivation systems. Samples of conidial suspensi...
Agricultural engineers made significant contributions to the farming community in the 21 century ... more Agricultural engineers made significant contributions to the farming community in the 21 century by improving efficiency of various farming operations, increasing farm incomes, and making life of a farmer more comfortable by mechanizing many of the labor intensive tasks of agricultural production. Mechanization of agriculture is considered to be one of the top 20 technological advancements of the 20 century. With the success of agricultural engineering profession in the 20 century to increase overall global food production, the future challenges of the 21 century still remain not only to feed the current population of 6.5 billion in 2009 but to feed an increasing population of 9.5 billion people in 2050. Despite huge gains in food production, there is still widespread hunger and malnutrition in the world. The problem of world hunger will not be solved until we solve the issue of poor man’s access to food and every farmer’s access to land, water, credit, and education on this planet....
Uploads