This poster presents the results of the anthracological analysis of 7990 charcoals collected from... more This poster presents the results of the anthracological analysis of 7990 charcoals collected from 28 charcoal kilns located between 1300 and 1500 m ASL in the Bernadouze forest (french Pyrenees). This study aims to reconstruct the specific practices and temporalities of wood use in relation to charcoal making activity. It's based on the analysis of the most frequently occurring bioindicators preserved in charcoals from archaeological context.
Se presentan los primeros resultados de un estudio comparado sobre la evolución histórica de los ... more Se presentan los primeros resultados de un estudio comparado sobre la evolución histórica de los incendios forestales en la montaña cantábrica y Pirineos (provincias de Cantabria y Lleida) recurriendo a la combinación de los resultados obtenidos mediante distintos tipos de indicadores (sondeos en turberas, arqueología, documentación de archivo, información actual, etc). Los datos que se están obteniendo, coherentes entre sí, demuestran que los incendios han sido continuos desde 6200 cal BP, coincidiendo con el inicio de las actividades agrarias, y que su repetición, que debe entenderse dentro de un complejo de prácticas destinadas al mantenimiento de las áreas de pasto pero que hoy resulta tremendamente problemática, ha sido uno de los principales factores de la construcción de los paisajes y de la actual diversidad de ambientes de nuestras áreas de montaña.
This poster presents the results of the dendro-anthracological analysis of charcoals collected in... more This poster presents the results of the dendro-anthracological analysis of charcoals collected in 16 charcoal kilns (CKs) located between 1300 and 1500 m ASL in the Bernadouze forest (Suc-et-Sentenac valley, French Pyrenees) (Fig. 1 and 3) and dated from the 11th to the 20th century. This study aims to restitute the minimum initial diameter of wood collected by charcoal burners in order to provide new insights into wood harvesting strategies, charcoal manufacturing and sylvicultural practices for charcoal products on intended to iron industry. This activity had been on a strong upward trend between the 14th to the 19th centuries.
Fire plays an essential role in the configuration of the mountain landscapes. However, our knowle... more Fire plays an essential role in the configuration of the mountain landscapes. However, our knowledge of its incidence over time is very fragmentary and often based on a small number of sources. In order to explore their limitations and complementarity, we discuss the results of some analytical techniques (study of sedimentary charcoal, pollen, pedoanthracology, levoglucosan and isotopes of lead and heavy metals collected in peatlands for periods ranging up to Lateglacial) with information from historical archives, newspapers and climate and forest fires databases (which provide information up to the fifteenth, nineteenth and mid-twentieth respectively).The results prove the complementarity of the different techniques and their combination mitigates some of their individual limitations. The most recent, accurate and reliable data facilitate the interpretation of the former which, in turn, are necessary for the understanding of long-term processes, generating useful feedbacks for the ...
espanolSe presentan los resultados del estudio pedoantracologico llevado a cabo en el macizo ultr... more espanolSe presentan los resultados del estudio pedoantracologico llevado a cabo en el macizo ultramafico de Sierra Bermeja (sur de Espana). A partir del registro fosil del carbon del suelo se han podido establecer las especies forestales dominantes durante el Holoceno, asi como plantear las posibles dinamicas ecologicas y los ciclos de fuego que afectaron a este macizo montanoso de tan singulares caracteristicas ambientales. Destaca el hallazgo de carbon de Abies sp. (presumiblemente A. pinsapo) en enclaves cimeros donde hoy la especie se encuentra extinta. Asimismo, las cronologias obtenidas mediante dataciones radiocarbonicas apuntan a la predominancia de coniferas (Pinus pinaster y Abies sp.) en determinadas zonas del macizo durante distintos lapsos temporales. En contra de las hipotesis fitosociologicas tradicionales, la ausencia de muestras antiguas de carbon de Quercus sp. confirma que las coniferas han constituido a lo largo de los ultimos 10.000 anos la vegetacion climacica ...
Se analizan los pastizales montanos y subalpinos de la Sierra del Aramo, bastion calcareo del Mac... more Se analizan los pastizales montanos y subalpinos de la Sierra del Aramo, bastion calcareo del Macizo Central Asturiano, centrandose no solo en el estado y la composicion de las formaciones pratenses, sino tambien en su origen y devenir historico, especialmente en la dinamica actual. Las metodologias empleadas incluyen, entre otras, el estudio floristico y fitosociologico, la cartografia de cubiertas vegetales y habitats de interes comunitario de porte herbaceo, el ensayo de la pedoantracologia y tecnicas historicistas. Como resultado, se han caracterizado los pastos montanos y subalpinos, asi como cartografiado la distribucion de los habitats herbaceos 6170, 6210, 6230, 6510, 8130 y 8210, y ha quedado establecida la expansion de los pastos en la Edad del Bronce. Asi pues, cabe destacar el rico legado de los pastizales de montana como entidad sociocultural, paisajistica y geoecologica, por lo que su gestion merece una profunda reflexion acorde con los tiempos de cambio global que est...
El Estany de la Coma de Burg (CMB) y la turbera de Estanilles (EST) son dos registros sedimentari... more El Estany de la Coma de Burg (CMB) y la turbera de Estanilles (EST) son dos registros sedimentarios que aportan informacion paleoambiental sobre la transicion del Tardiglacial al Holoceno en el Pirineo centro‐oriental (Alto Pallars, Lleida). La comparacion de los valores de materia organica (Loss On Ignition) de CMB con los registros polinicos de las dos secuencias (CMB y EST) indica que la LOI es mas sensible a los cambios en la temperatura que en la precipitacion. Los valores polinicos reflejan la sucesion de distintos paisajes, desde formaciones estepicas (Artemisia y Poaceae) hasta comunidades mas o menos boscosas (Pinus, Betula y Corylus). Las 6 fluctuaciones documentadas por la LOI coinciden con las fluctuaciones de las temperaturas del Hemisferio Norte (Greenland Ice Core Project, GRIP) y marcan el Bolling, Allerod, Dryas Reciente y el inicio del Holoceno, asi como algunas fluctuaciones posteriores
This poster presents the results of the anthracological analysis of 7990 charcoals collected from... more This poster presents the results of the anthracological analysis of 7990 charcoals collected from 28 charcoal kilns located between 1300 and 1500 m ASL in the Bernadouze forest (french Pyrenees). This study aims to reconstruct the specific practices and temporalities of wood use in relation to charcoal making activity. It's based on the analysis of the most frequently occurring bioindicators preserved in charcoals from archaeological context.
Se presentan los primeros resultados de un estudio comparado sobre la evolución histórica de los ... more Se presentan los primeros resultados de un estudio comparado sobre la evolución histórica de los incendios forestales en la montaña cantábrica y Pirineos (provincias de Cantabria y Lleida) recurriendo a la combinación de los resultados obtenidos mediante distintos tipos de indicadores (sondeos en turberas, arqueología, documentación de archivo, información actual, etc). Los datos que se están obteniendo, coherentes entre sí, demuestran que los incendios han sido continuos desde 6200 cal BP, coincidiendo con el inicio de las actividades agrarias, y que su repetición, que debe entenderse dentro de un complejo de prácticas destinadas al mantenimiento de las áreas de pasto pero que hoy resulta tremendamente problemática, ha sido uno de los principales factores de la construcción de los paisajes y de la actual diversidad de ambientes de nuestras áreas de montaña.
This poster presents the results of the dendro-anthracological analysis of charcoals collected in... more This poster presents the results of the dendro-anthracological analysis of charcoals collected in 16 charcoal kilns (CKs) located between 1300 and 1500 m ASL in the Bernadouze forest (Suc-et-Sentenac valley, French Pyrenees) (Fig. 1 and 3) and dated from the 11th to the 20th century. This study aims to restitute the minimum initial diameter of wood collected by charcoal burners in order to provide new insights into wood harvesting strategies, charcoal manufacturing and sylvicultural practices for charcoal products on intended to iron industry. This activity had been on a strong upward trend between the 14th to the 19th centuries.
Fire plays an essential role in the configuration of the mountain landscapes. However, our knowle... more Fire plays an essential role in the configuration of the mountain landscapes. However, our knowledge of its incidence over time is very fragmentary and often based on a small number of sources. In order to explore their limitations and complementarity, we discuss the results of some analytical techniques (study of sedimentary charcoal, pollen, pedoanthracology, levoglucosan and isotopes of lead and heavy metals collected in peatlands for periods ranging up to Lateglacial) with information from historical archives, newspapers and climate and forest fires databases (which provide information up to the fifteenth, nineteenth and mid-twentieth respectively).The results prove the complementarity of the different techniques and their combination mitigates some of their individual limitations. The most recent, accurate and reliable data facilitate the interpretation of the former which, in turn, are necessary for the understanding of long-term processes, generating useful feedbacks for the ...
espanolSe presentan los resultados del estudio pedoantracologico llevado a cabo en el macizo ultr... more espanolSe presentan los resultados del estudio pedoantracologico llevado a cabo en el macizo ultramafico de Sierra Bermeja (sur de Espana). A partir del registro fosil del carbon del suelo se han podido establecer las especies forestales dominantes durante el Holoceno, asi como plantear las posibles dinamicas ecologicas y los ciclos de fuego que afectaron a este macizo montanoso de tan singulares caracteristicas ambientales. Destaca el hallazgo de carbon de Abies sp. (presumiblemente A. pinsapo) en enclaves cimeros donde hoy la especie se encuentra extinta. Asimismo, las cronologias obtenidas mediante dataciones radiocarbonicas apuntan a la predominancia de coniferas (Pinus pinaster y Abies sp.) en determinadas zonas del macizo durante distintos lapsos temporales. En contra de las hipotesis fitosociologicas tradicionales, la ausencia de muestras antiguas de carbon de Quercus sp. confirma que las coniferas han constituido a lo largo de los ultimos 10.000 anos la vegetacion climacica ...
Se analizan los pastizales montanos y subalpinos de la Sierra del Aramo, bastion calcareo del Mac... more Se analizan los pastizales montanos y subalpinos de la Sierra del Aramo, bastion calcareo del Macizo Central Asturiano, centrandose no solo en el estado y la composicion de las formaciones pratenses, sino tambien en su origen y devenir historico, especialmente en la dinamica actual. Las metodologias empleadas incluyen, entre otras, el estudio floristico y fitosociologico, la cartografia de cubiertas vegetales y habitats de interes comunitario de porte herbaceo, el ensayo de la pedoantracologia y tecnicas historicistas. Como resultado, se han caracterizado los pastos montanos y subalpinos, asi como cartografiado la distribucion de los habitats herbaceos 6170, 6210, 6230, 6510, 8130 y 8210, y ha quedado establecida la expansion de los pastos en la Edad del Bronce. Asi pues, cabe destacar el rico legado de los pastizales de montana como entidad sociocultural, paisajistica y geoecologica, por lo que su gestion merece una profunda reflexion acorde con los tiempos de cambio global que est...
El Estany de la Coma de Burg (CMB) y la turbera de Estanilles (EST) son dos registros sedimentari... more El Estany de la Coma de Burg (CMB) y la turbera de Estanilles (EST) son dos registros sedimentarios que aportan informacion paleoambiental sobre la transicion del Tardiglacial al Holoceno en el Pirineo centro‐oriental (Alto Pallars, Lleida). La comparacion de los valores de materia organica (Loss On Ignition) de CMB con los registros polinicos de las dos secuencias (CMB y EST) indica que la LOI es mas sensible a los cambios en la temperatura que en la precipitacion. Los valores polinicos reflejan la sucesion de distintos paisajes, desde formaciones estepicas (Artemisia y Poaceae) hasta comunidades mas o menos boscosas (Pinus, Betula y Corylus). Las 6 fluctuaciones documentadas por la LOI coinciden con las fluctuaciones de las temperaturas del Hemisferio Norte (Greenland Ice Core Project, GRIP) y marcan el Bolling, Allerod, Dryas Reciente y el inicio del Holoceno, asi como algunas fluctuaciones posteriores
International Open Workshop “Socio-Environmental Dynamics over the last 12.000 years: The creation of Landscape IV", 2015
This paper aims to present the preliminary results and discussions from the interdisciplinary pro... more This paper aims to present the preliminary results and discussions from the interdisciplinary project FODYNA, performed within the Observatory Human-Environment (OHM) Haut-Vicdessos. It focuses on past mining and ore processing cycles, and their impact on the changes and the trajectories of woodland cover, in a Pyrenean mining area, from Antiquity to the 19th century. The chronology of activities is based on new archaeological and geochemical approaches, as well as several radiocarbon dates. These new approaches and dates concern mining and charcoal kiln evidence. All the archaeological remains, staggered between 1 400 and 1 700 m. a.s.l., were spatialized and included in GIS. The archaeological observations were compared with data from historical archives, which document medieval times and the reactivation of mining activities during the 18th and 19th centuries. The past forests and their management for charcoal production were explored through historical ecology, anthracological a...
This poster present the first results of the anthracological and dendroanthracological study of F... more This poster present the first results of the anthracological and dendroanthracological study of FODYNA project realize in the beech forest of Bernadouze. This is an ancient charcoal-making forest marked by several centuries of charcoal-making activities. The main objective is to reconstruct with high spatio-temporal resolution the past forest dynamics and characterize the charcoal-making activities and its temporalities.
This paper focuses on past woodland changes and land uses in an ancient mining area of the Easter... more This paper focuses on past woodland changes and land uses in an ancient mining area of the Eastern Pyrenees (Ari ege, France). The area discussed is located at the western entrance of the Vicdessos, a valley with significant steel production, and it is crossed by the road used from the 14th c. to the end of the 18th c. for the iron-charcoal exchange with the forest Province of Couserans. The introduction of this singular exchange and the silver ore mining history of this border area raise the question of their impact on forest cover changes and changes in human practices and their link with anthropisation processes. To deal with this issue, we put in place an interdisciplinary approach involving archaeology, charcoal analysis, ecological history and geochemistry. The archaeological investigations and fourteen radiocarbon ages allowed characterising and dating of mining and charcoal-making remains. They situate the emergence of metal ore mining during the Second Iron Age and charcoal making activity between the 15th and 17th c. The geochemical analysis of 9 galena samples showed some different isotopic signatures between ores extracted in ancient times and those mined during the modern period. The charcoal analysis of (i) 2442 charcoals from 31 charcoal kilns (ii) 500 from one pedoarchaeological pit excavated in a waste heap related to firesetting, and (iii) 250 from two pedoanthracological sampling points carried out in the charcoal burning forest, permits a detailed reconstruction of the woodland cover changes from the Second Iron Age to the 19th c. Furthermore, the combination of data from different disciplines allows for a long-term reconstruction of human practices history and woodland management for different uses. In particular, the results show the transformation of the fir-beech forest, still dominated by fir around the turn of the Roman era, into pure beech wood managed on northern slopes for human daily needs, occasionally mining, lumber and mainly charcoal production until the 19th c. The elimination of fir dates back to the 17th c. This assumes the end of lumber activities in that period. Pedoanthracological and palynological data suggest that southern slopes, progressively deforested since the Bronze Age, were entirely devoted to permanent agropastoral activities probably at least since the end of the medieval period.
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