FTIR spectroscopy has been extensively used to understand the differences between normal and mali... more FTIR spectroscopy has been extensively used to understand the differences between normal and malignant cells and tissues. In the present study, FTIR microspectroscopy was performed on biopsies to evaluate parameters deduced from changes in nucleic acid absorbance monitored at various characteristic wavenumbers in the Mid-IR region. The data showed that there were differences in the spectra of normal and malignant tissues from several organs such as colon, cervix, skin and blood with respect to absorbance due to nucleic acids. Similar results were observed in the case of cell lines that were transformed to induce carcinogenesis. Of the several ratios examined for consistency in differentiating cancer and normal tissues, the I(996 cm(-1))/I(966 cm(-1)) showed promise as a distinguishing parameter and was comparable to the I(1121 cm(-1))/I(1020 cm(-1)) ratio reported in many earlier studies. The absorbance of nucleic acids is presented with an emphasis on the application of FTIR micros...
Recently, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR)-spectroscopy has been used to monitor cell growth by ... more Recently, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR)-spectroscopy has been used to monitor cell growth by several works. Conventionally, the study of cell and tissue dynamics at molecular levels is carried out through various approaches like histochemical methods, application of molecular biology and immunology. Colonic crypts display a pattern in cell growth along their height. Histologically normal sections obtained from formalin fixed biopsies
Infrared spectroscopy is widely perceived as a future technology for cancer detection and grading... more Infrared spectroscopy is widely perceived as a future technology for cancer detection and grading. Malignant melanoma, an aggressive skin cancer, is accessible to non-invasive IR radiation based surface probes for its identification and grading. The present work examines the differences in the IR spectra of melanoma tissues and the surrounding epidermis in skin biopsies with the objective of identifying diagnostic parameters and suitable computational/statistical methods of analysis. Melanoma could be differentiated from the epidermis in biopsies of 55 patients, using parameters derived from absorbance bands originating from molecular vibrations of nucleic acids and/or their bases. Additionally, absorbances from tyrosine and phosphate that are abnormally elevated in malignant melanoma could be used as markers. Two-dimensional plots of these parameters in tandem with advanced statistical methods successfully demonstrate the potential of IR spectroscopy to distinguish between epidermal and melanoma regions with a high classification success. The work underlines the importance of developing data analysis methods in FTIR based diagnosis using melanoma as a model system.
Abnormal crypt proliferation and development in the colon has been associated with premalignant s... more Abnormal crypt proliferation and development in the colon has been associated with premalignant stages of colon cancer. Conventionally, molecular markers are used to detect abnormal crypt proliferation. In the present work, feasibility studies of FTIR-MSP to distinguish between normal and abnormal crypts from colon biopsies that show normal histopathological features have been undertaken. The results indicate that abnormal crypts show deviations in the pattern of absorbance in the Mid IR region along the crypt height when compared with the normal crypts. The crypts could be empirically classified into three groups such as crypts having a normal absorbance pattern for all biochemical components, crypts with abnormal absorbance pattern for some biochemical components and crypts with completely abnormal absorbance pattern along the height for all or most biochemical components studied by FTIR. The utilization of FTIR-MSP is proposed for diagnosis of abnormal metabolism at the molecular level of histologically completely normal-looking crypts, especially from those biopsies that are taken from sites far away from cancer. This method could give rise to a reduction in false-negative results during examination of biopsies using the conventional histopathological methods. The present method may be complementary to existing methods for precise demarcation of the zone of colostomy prior to colon cancer surgery.
Detection of malignancy at early stages is crucial in cancer prevention and management. Fourier t... more Detection of malignancy at early stages is crucial in cancer prevention and management. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy has shown promise as a non-invasive method with diagnostic potential in cancer detection. Studies were conducted with formalin-fixed biopsies of melanoma and cervical cancer by FTIR microspectroscopy (FTIR-MSP) to detect common biomarkers, which occurred in both types of cancer distinguishing them from the respective non-malignant tissues. Both types of cancer are diagnosed on skin surfaces. The spectra were analysed for changes in levels of biomolecules such as RNA, DNA, phosphates and carbohydrate (glycogen). Whereas carbohydrate levels showed a good diagnostic potential for detection of cervical cancer, this was not the case for melanoma. However, variation of the RNA/DNA ratio as measured at I(1121)/I(1020) showed similar trends between non-malignant and malignant tissues in both types of cancer. The ratio was higher for malignant tissues in both types of cancer.
Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy (FTIR-MSP) has shown promise as a technique for dete... more Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy (FTIR-MSP) has shown promise as a technique for detection of abnormal cell proliferation and premalignant conditions. In the present study, we investigate the absorbance in the sensitive wavenumber region between 2800 and 3000 cm(-1), which has been known to be due to the antisymmetric and symmetric stretching vibrations of CH2 and CH3 groups of proteins and lipids. We report common biomarkers from this region that distinguish between normal and malignant tissues and cell lines. Based on our findings, we propose that the wavenumber region around 2800 to 3000 cm(-1) in the FTIR spectra of cells and tissues could provide valuable scientific evidence at the onset of premalignancy and may be used for ex vivo and in vitro detection of carcinogenesis. To further examine the utility of these markers in cancer diagnosis and management, they are tested successfully in monitoring the changes occurring in leukemia patients during chemotherapy.
FTIR spectroscopy has been extensively used to understand the differences between normal and mali... more FTIR spectroscopy has been extensively used to understand the differences between normal and malignant cells and tissues. In the present study, FTIR microspectroscopy was performed on biopsies to evaluate parameters deduced from changes in nucleic acid absorbance monitored at various characteristic wavenumbers in the Mid-IR region. The data showed that there were differences in the spectra of normal and malignant tissues from several organs such as colon, cervix, skin and blood with respect to absorbance due to nucleic acids. Similar results were observed in the case of cell lines that were transformed to induce carcinogenesis. Of the several ratios examined for consistency in differentiating cancer and normal tissues, the I(996 cm(-1))/I(966 cm(-1)) showed promise as a distinguishing parameter and was comparable to the I(1121 cm(-1))/I(1020 cm(-1)) ratio reported in many earlier studies. The absorbance of nucleic acids is presented with an emphasis on the application of FTIR micros...
Recently, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR)-spectroscopy has been used to monitor cell growth by ... more Recently, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR)-spectroscopy has been used to monitor cell growth by several works. Conventionally, the study of cell and tissue dynamics at molecular levels is carried out through various approaches like histochemical methods, application of molecular biology and immunology. Colonic crypts display a pattern in cell growth along their height. Histologically normal sections obtained from formalin fixed biopsies
Infrared spectroscopy is widely perceived as a future technology for cancer detection and grading... more Infrared spectroscopy is widely perceived as a future technology for cancer detection and grading. Malignant melanoma, an aggressive skin cancer, is accessible to non-invasive IR radiation based surface probes for its identification and grading. The present work examines the differences in the IR spectra of melanoma tissues and the surrounding epidermis in skin biopsies with the objective of identifying diagnostic parameters and suitable computational/statistical methods of analysis. Melanoma could be differentiated from the epidermis in biopsies of 55 patients, using parameters derived from absorbance bands originating from molecular vibrations of nucleic acids and/or their bases. Additionally, absorbances from tyrosine and phosphate that are abnormally elevated in malignant melanoma could be used as markers. Two-dimensional plots of these parameters in tandem with advanced statistical methods successfully demonstrate the potential of IR spectroscopy to distinguish between epidermal and melanoma regions with a high classification success. The work underlines the importance of developing data analysis methods in FTIR based diagnosis using melanoma as a model system.
Abnormal crypt proliferation and development in the colon has been associated with premalignant s... more Abnormal crypt proliferation and development in the colon has been associated with premalignant stages of colon cancer. Conventionally, molecular markers are used to detect abnormal crypt proliferation. In the present work, feasibility studies of FTIR-MSP to distinguish between normal and abnormal crypts from colon biopsies that show normal histopathological features have been undertaken. The results indicate that abnormal crypts show deviations in the pattern of absorbance in the Mid IR region along the crypt height when compared with the normal crypts. The crypts could be empirically classified into three groups such as crypts having a normal absorbance pattern for all biochemical components, crypts with abnormal absorbance pattern for some biochemical components and crypts with completely abnormal absorbance pattern along the height for all or most biochemical components studied by FTIR. The utilization of FTIR-MSP is proposed for diagnosis of abnormal metabolism at the molecular level of histologically completely normal-looking crypts, especially from those biopsies that are taken from sites far away from cancer. This method could give rise to a reduction in false-negative results during examination of biopsies using the conventional histopathological methods. The present method may be complementary to existing methods for precise demarcation of the zone of colostomy prior to colon cancer surgery.
Detection of malignancy at early stages is crucial in cancer prevention and management. Fourier t... more Detection of malignancy at early stages is crucial in cancer prevention and management. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy has shown promise as a non-invasive method with diagnostic potential in cancer detection. Studies were conducted with formalin-fixed biopsies of melanoma and cervical cancer by FTIR microspectroscopy (FTIR-MSP) to detect common biomarkers, which occurred in both types of cancer distinguishing them from the respective non-malignant tissues. Both types of cancer are diagnosed on skin surfaces. The spectra were analysed for changes in levels of biomolecules such as RNA, DNA, phosphates and carbohydrate (glycogen). Whereas carbohydrate levels showed a good diagnostic potential for detection of cervical cancer, this was not the case for melanoma. However, variation of the RNA/DNA ratio as measured at I(1121)/I(1020) showed similar trends between non-malignant and malignant tissues in both types of cancer. The ratio was higher for malignant tissues in both types of cancer.
Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy (FTIR-MSP) has shown promise as a technique for dete... more Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy (FTIR-MSP) has shown promise as a technique for detection of abnormal cell proliferation and premalignant conditions. In the present study, we investigate the absorbance in the sensitive wavenumber region between 2800 and 3000 cm(-1), which has been known to be due to the antisymmetric and symmetric stretching vibrations of CH2 and CH3 groups of proteins and lipids. We report common biomarkers from this region that distinguish between normal and malignant tissues and cell lines. Based on our findings, we propose that the wavenumber region around 2800 to 3000 cm(-1) in the FTIR spectra of cells and tissues could provide valuable scientific evidence at the onset of premalignancy and may be used for ex vivo and in vitro detection of carcinogenesis. To further examine the utility of these markers in cancer diagnosis and management, they are tested successfully in monitoring the changes occurring in leukemia patients during chemotherapy.
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