Page 1. 2 Arthropods and Nematodes: Functional Biodiversity in Forest Ecosystems Pio Federico Rov... more Page 1. 2 Arthropods and Nematodes: Functional Biodiversity in Forest Ecosystems Pio Federico Roversi and Roberto Nannelli CRA – Research Centre for Agrobiology and Pedology, Florence Italy 1. Introduction Despite the ...
Soil arthropod community was evaluated, in three different farming systems in Central Italy, in t... more Soil arthropod community was evaluated, in three different farming systems in Central Italy, in the context of a long-term experimental stockless arable system (MOLTE). The soil arthropodofauna was recorded in two organic agrosystems of different age (16-year old organic, named OldO; 6-year young organic, named YngO) and in one conventional (Co), at a fixed time on maize. Arthropods, extracted by Berlese-Tullgren funnels, were counted and identified at order or suborder taxonomic level. In the three maize fields, the farming system affected both abundance and biodiversity of arthropods. The arthropod density ranged from about 20,000 individuals/m2 in OldO to about 45,000 in YngO. The number of oribatid mites was higher in Co than in OldO, while YngO showed the highest density of collembolans. The mite/collembolan ratio was the highest in Co (6.43), the lowest in YngO (1.95). Both biodiversity indices adopted – ΔV, synthetic index of degree of diversity change of ecological systems a...
ABSTRACT The Gamasida of 8 study areas in 5 different Sites of Community Interest (SCI of the Nat... more ABSTRACT The Gamasida of 8 study areas in 5 different Sites of Community Interest (SCI of the Nature 2000 network) of Central Italy, characterized by beech forest and by mixed forests, were investigated to collect information for define the conservation status of the investigated sites. Samples were taken in autumn from the forest ground of the study sites (litter and soil till 7 cm in depth) during the three years of the study. Collected adult specimens were identified at species level and data were used to calculate the following indices: Shannon, Simpson, Eveness and Maturity index. On the whole, in the 8 study sites were recorded 63 species of Gamasida, belonging to 17 families, and some species seems to be a rare component of the fauna. Among study sites, diversity indices ranged from 2.20 to 2.57 for the Shannon index and from 0.82 to 0.90 for the Simpson, while the Maturity index ranged from 0.69 to 0.85; no substantial differences were observed among different study areas.
Page 1. 2 Arthropods and Nematodes: Functional Biodiversity in Forest Ecosystems Pio Federico Rov... more Page 1. 2 Arthropods and Nematodes: Functional Biodiversity in Forest Ecosystems Pio Federico Roversi and Roberto Nannelli CRA – Research Centre for Agrobiology and Pedology, Florence Italy 1. Introduction Despite the ...
Page 1. [Italian Journal of Agronomy 2011; 6(s1):e15] [page 107] Effectiveness of the GAEC cross ... more Page 1. [Italian Journal of Agronomy 2011; 6(s1):e15] [page 107] Effectiveness of the GAEC cross compliance standard Maintenance of olive groves in good vegetative condition in avoiding the deterioration of habitats and land abandonment ...
... 2. Istituto per la Patologia degli Alberi Forestali del CNR - lstituto di Patologia e Zoologi... more ... 2. Istituto per la Patologia degli Alberi Forestali del CNR - lstituto di Patologia e Zoologia Forestale e Agraria dell'Universit3 degli Studi di Firenze, Piazzale delle Cascine 28, 50144 ... 7, Lane 2). Assays confirmed the presence of dsRNA in the mycelia isolated from the fecal pellets ...
The natural spread of hypovirulence in Cryphonectria parasitica (Murr.) Barr. occurs in chestnut ... more The natural spread of hypovirulence in Cryphonectria parasitica (Murr.) Barr. occurs in chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill) stands and orchards in Italy and other European countries, leading to spontaneous recovery of the diseased trees. Little is known about how hypovirulence spreads in chestnut stands but various corticolous mite species frequently detected on chestnut cankers could be one of the many factors playing a role in the spread. Artificial virulent cankers created in inoculation field tests and treated with Thyreophagus corticalis (Acari, Sarcoptiformes, Acaridae) raised on hypovirulent cultures showed similar growth to those treated with mycelia of the hypovirulent strain over 18 months of inoculation. Cultures re-isolated from virulent cankers treated with mites were found to contain hypovirus like those derived from pairings of virulent and hypovirulent strains. Viral dsRNA could be carried externally and/or ingested by mites from the hypovirulent mycelia and then transmitted to the mycelia of virulent strains, causing their conversion. In a laboratory study, all fecal pellets collected from mites reared on hypovirulent and virulent strains grown on semi-selective media gave rise to colonies of C. parasitica with similar morphological characters and virulence to the original cultures. Field inoculation of stump sprouts with the resulting colonies revealed that mite digestive tract passage did not alter the virulence of the studied strains. These results are of interest for the biological control of chestnut blight.
Page 1. 2 Arthropods and Nematodes: Functional Biodiversity in Forest Ecosystems Pio Federico Rov... more Page 1. 2 Arthropods and Nematodes: Functional Biodiversity in Forest Ecosystems Pio Federico Roversi and Roberto Nannelli CRA – Research Centre for Agrobiology and Pedology, Florence Italy 1. Introduction Despite the ...
Soil arthropod community was evaluated, in three different farming systems in Central Italy, in t... more Soil arthropod community was evaluated, in three different farming systems in Central Italy, in the context of a long-term experimental stockless arable system (MOLTE). The soil arthropodofauna was recorded in two organic agrosystems of different age (16-year old organic, named OldO; 6-year young organic, named YngO) and in one conventional (Co), at a fixed time on maize. Arthropods, extracted by Berlese-Tullgren funnels, were counted and identified at order or suborder taxonomic level. In the three maize fields, the farming system affected both abundance and biodiversity of arthropods. The arthropod density ranged from about 20,000 individuals/m2 in OldO to about 45,000 in YngO. The number of oribatid mites was higher in Co than in OldO, while YngO showed the highest density of collembolans. The mite/collembolan ratio was the highest in Co (6.43), the lowest in YngO (1.95). Both biodiversity indices adopted – ΔV, synthetic index of degree of diversity change of ecological systems a...
ABSTRACT The Gamasida of 8 study areas in 5 different Sites of Community Interest (SCI of the Nat... more ABSTRACT The Gamasida of 8 study areas in 5 different Sites of Community Interest (SCI of the Nature 2000 network) of Central Italy, characterized by beech forest and by mixed forests, were investigated to collect information for define the conservation status of the investigated sites. Samples were taken in autumn from the forest ground of the study sites (litter and soil till 7 cm in depth) during the three years of the study. Collected adult specimens were identified at species level and data were used to calculate the following indices: Shannon, Simpson, Eveness and Maturity index. On the whole, in the 8 study sites were recorded 63 species of Gamasida, belonging to 17 families, and some species seems to be a rare component of the fauna. Among study sites, diversity indices ranged from 2.20 to 2.57 for the Shannon index and from 0.82 to 0.90 for the Simpson, while the Maturity index ranged from 0.69 to 0.85; no substantial differences were observed among different study areas.
Page 1. 2 Arthropods and Nematodes: Functional Biodiversity in Forest Ecosystems Pio Federico Rov... more Page 1. 2 Arthropods and Nematodes: Functional Biodiversity in Forest Ecosystems Pio Federico Roversi and Roberto Nannelli CRA – Research Centre for Agrobiology and Pedology, Florence Italy 1. Introduction Despite the ...
Page 1. [Italian Journal of Agronomy 2011; 6(s1):e15] [page 107] Effectiveness of the GAEC cross ... more Page 1. [Italian Journal of Agronomy 2011; 6(s1):e15] [page 107] Effectiveness of the GAEC cross compliance standard Maintenance of olive groves in good vegetative condition in avoiding the deterioration of habitats and land abandonment ...
... 2. Istituto per la Patologia degli Alberi Forestali del CNR - lstituto di Patologia e Zoologi... more ... 2. Istituto per la Patologia degli Alberi Forestali del CNR - lstituto di Patologia e Zoologia Forestale e Agraria dell'Universit3 degli Studi di Firenze, Piazzale delle Cascine 28, 50144 ... 7, Lane 2). Assays confirmed the presence of dsRNA in the mycelia isolated from the fecal pellets ...
The natural spread of hypovirulence in Cryphonectria parasitica (Murr.) Barr. occurs in chestnut ... more The natural spread of hypovirulence in Cryphonectria parasitica (Murr.) Barr. occurs in chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill) stands and orchards in Italy and other European countries, leading to spontaneous recovery of the diseased trees. Little is known about how hypovirulence spreads in chestnut stands but various corticolous mite species frequently detected on chestnut cankers could be one of the many factors playing a role in the spread. Artificial virulent cankers created in inoculation field tests and treated with Thyreophagus corticalis (Acari, Sarcoptiformes, Acaridae) raised on hypovirulent cultures showed similar growth to those treated with mycelia of the hypovirulent strain over 18 months of inoculation. Cultures re-isolated from virulent cankers treated with mites were found to contain hypovirus like those derived from pairings of virulent and hypovirulent strains. Viral dsRNA could be carried externally and/or ingested by mites from the hypovirulent mycelia and then transmitted to the mycelia of virulent strains, causing their conversion. In a laboratory study, all fecal pellets collected from mites reared on hypovirulent and virulent strains grown on semi-selective media gave rise to colonies of C. parasitica with similar morphological characters and virulence to the original cultures. Field inoculation of stump sprouts with the resulting colonies revealed that mite digestive tract passage did not alter the virulence of the studied strains. These results are of interest for the biological control of chestnut blight.
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