The Encyclopedia of Applied Linguistics, Nov 5, 2012
The United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) is the specialized... more The United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) is the specialized agency of the UN system that carries the flag globally for the human and intangible aspects of society and development. Keywords: endangered languages; language planning; language policy; language revitalization; literacy
This chapter explores the dilemmas in providing literacy in local languages, drawing on practices... more This chapter explores the dilemmas in providing literacy in local languages, drawing on practices in Cameroon, Papua New Guinea, and Senegal. It sets questions of multilingual policies and practices in the context of international education frameworks and examines parallels and contrasts in the three countries. With a focus on literacy in minority or non-dominant languages, it then compares their policy and practice from the perspective of multilingualism, policy formulation, and programme structure. Next, the prospects for literacy provision in local languages are assessed, with emphasis on the need to address policy considerations, community engagement, the nature of the learning process, and the fact that languages are simultaneously both instruments of communication and symbols of identity. The chapter shows how literacy in non-dominant languages increases educational opportunity and cultural affirmation for those in minority communities without literacy competence and strengthens their equitable place in society.
Page 1. BIBLIOTHEQUE DE LA SELAF 95 Clinton DW ROBINSON PHONOLOGIE DU GUNU parler yambassa (langu... more Page 1. BIBLIOTHEQUE DE LA SELAF 95 Clinton DW ROBINSON PHONOLOGIE DU GUNU parler yambassa (langue bantoue du Cameroun) SELAT 5, rue de Marseille 75010 PARIS 1984 Page 2. Page 3. Page 4. En couverture ...
Linguistic diversity characterizes many countries with large literacy needs. Meeting these needs ... more Linguistic diversity characterizes many countries with large literacy needs. Meeting these needs will require a multilingual approach based on learning initial literacy in the learner’s mother tongue, with other languages used subsequently. This article identifies five major challenges in implementing multilingual programmes and traces the international policy developments over the 15 years of the EFA period. Four case studies—Mexico, Morocco, Papua New Guinea, and Senegal—illustrate a range of policies with differing approaches and levels of commitment to providing multilingual literacy opportunities. The article concludes with six policy orientations to guide action as part of the post-2015 agenda.
Page 1. The Place of Local-Language Literacy in Rural Development in Cameroon: Presentation of an... more Page 1. The Place of Local-Language Literacy in Rural Development in Cameroon: Presentation of an Experimental Program Clinton DW Robinson The question, "Which language for literacy?" is often asked in contexts where ...
The Encyclopedia of Applied Linguistics, Nov 5, 2012
The United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) is the specialized... more The United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) is the specialized agency of the UN system that carries the flag globally for the human and intangible aspects of society and development. Keywords: endangered languages; language planning; language policy; language revitalization; literacy
This chapter explores the dilemmas in providing literacy in local languages, drawing on practices... more This chapter explores the dilemmas in providing literacy in local languages, drawing on practices in Cameroon, Papua New Guinea, and Senegal. It sets questions of multilingual policies and practices in the context of international education frameworks and examines parallels and contrasts in the three countries. With a focus on literacy in minority or non-dominant languages, it then compares their policy and practice from the perspective of multilingualism, policy formulation, and programme structure. Next, the prospects for literacy provision in local languages are assessed, with emphasis on the need to address policy considerations, community engagement, the nature of the learning process, and the fact that languages are simultaneously both instruments of communication and symbols of identity. The chapter shows how literacy in non-dominant languages increases educational opportunity and cultural affirmation for those in minority communities without literacy competence and strengthens their equitable place in society.
Page 1. BIBLIOTHEQUE DE LA SELAF 95 Clinton DW ROBINSON PHONOLOGIE DU GUNU parler yambassa (langu... more Page 1. BIBLIOTHEQUE DE LA SELAF 95 Clinton DW ROBINSON PHONOLOGIE DU GUNU parler yambassa (langue bantoue du Cameroun) SELAT 5, rue de Marseille 75010 PARIS 1984 Page 2. Page 3. Page 4. En couverture ...
Linguistic diversity characterizes many countries with large literacy needs. Meeting these needs ... more Linguistic diversity characterizes many countries with large literacy needs. Meeting these needs will require a multilingual approach based on learning initial literacy in the learner’s mother tongue, with other languages used subsequently. This article identifies five major challenges in implementing multilingual programmes and traces the international policy developments over the 15 years of the EFA period. Four case studies—Mexico, Morocco, Papua New Guinea, and Senegal—illustrate a range of policies with differing approaches and levels of commitment to providing multilingual literacy opportunities. The article concludes with six policy orientations to guide action as part of the post-2015 agenda.
Page 1. The Place of Local-Language Literacy in Rural Development in Cameroon: Presentation of an... more Page 1. The Place of Local-Language Literacy in Rural Development in Cameroon: Presentation of an Experimental Program Clinton DW Robinson The question, "Which language for literacy?" is often asked in contexts where ...
The Encyclopaedia of Applied Linguistics, C. Chapelle (ed.) , 2013
Acquisition Planning (AP) is concerned with the range of language users and the distribution of l... more Acquisition Planning (AP) is concerned with the range of language users and the distribution of literacy. As a form of language management (Spolsky, 2004) it complements and interacts with status planning (which is about the social role or function of a language) and corpus planning (used to modify the structure of a language). This interconnection is particularly evident in multilingual contexts, where (monolingual and bilingual) AP often involves status-linked and ideology-driven language aspects of public legitimisation and institutionalization (May, 2001, p. 153). AP can be activated in formal and informal settings, at the macro or micro levels of society, and may involve top-down or bottom-up approaches (Kaplan & Baldauf, 1997). This chapter provides a brief overview of approaches to AP and highlights issues arising in postcolonial, post-Soviet, and European settings, exemplified by some current European frameworks which are particularly active in AP. [...]
The Encyclopaedia of Applied Linguistics, C. Chapelle (ed.), 2013
The United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) is the specialized... more The United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) is the specialized agency of the UN system that carries the flag globally for the human and intangible aspects of society and development. Founded in London in 1945 during the aftermath of World War II, its charter (UNESCO, 1945) emphasizes the importance of knowledge, values, and attitudes in the conduct of human affairs. The opening words of the charter have an abiding relevance: “Since wars begin in the minds of men, it is in the minds of men that the defence of peace must be constructed.” The underlying concern for peace, respect, dignity, and diversity continues to inspire its global work and leadership role—a concern within which language occupies a critical place. UNESCO defines its role in part as a clearing-house and a laboratory of ideas, and it is from these perspectives that the organization addresses questions of language. [...]
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involves status-linked and ideology-driven language aspects of public legitimisation and institutionalization (May, 2001, p. 153). AP can be activated in formal and informal settings, at the macro or micro levels of society, and may involve top-down or bottom-up approaches
(Kaplan & Baldauf, 1997). This chapter provides a brief overview of approaches to AP and highlights issues arising in postcolonial, post-Soviet, and European settings, exemplified by some current European frameworks which are particularly active in AP. [...]
intangible aspects of society and development. Founded in London in 1945 during the aftermath of World War II, its charter (UNESCO, 1945) emphasizes the importance of
knowledge, values, and attitudes in the conduct of human affairs. The opening words of the charter have an abiding relevance: “Since wars begin in the minds of men, it is in the minds of men that the defence of peace must be constructed.” The underlying concern for peace, respect, dignity, and diversity continues to inspire its global work and leadership role—a concern within which language occupies a critical place. UNESCO defines its role in part as a clearing-house and a laboratory of ideas, and it is
from these perspectives that the organization addresses questions of language. [...]