The Central European Review of Economics and Management
Aim: This article describes ideas of Enlightenment thinkers about the building of a democratic st... more Aim: This article describes ideas of Enlightenment thinkers about the building of a democratic state with responsible and rationally thinking citizens. The article starts with the ideas of Spinoza, formulated in the seventeenth century, and will end in our time, where democracy is under threat. Design/Research method: The article relies on professional publications, both within the fields of philosophy and political sociology. Conclusions/findings: The study concludes that the optimistic expectations about the increase of democracy and the stability of democratic institutions in the world are no longer valid. Originality/Value of the article: Recent developments in the political field in the western world make this optimism questionable
There are several hypothesis about the revival of the ideas of Spinoza in the Netherlands in the ... more There are several hypothesis about the revival of the ideas of Spinoza in the Netherlands in the nineteenth century. This paper will focus on this revival. I use the method of historical reading as propageted by Bourdieu when I look at the reception in the nineteenth century of the philosophical text of Spinoza, who lived in the seventeenth century,
In this paper I will focus on the political ideas of Benedictus de Spinoza as written down in his... more In this paper I will focus on the political ideas of Benedictus de Spinoza as written down in his Theologico-Political Treatise (TTP) and his Political Treatise (TP), especially his idea about tolerance that is linked with freedom of thought and freedom of expression. This idea of tolerance has to be seen as an invention in the social field and was linked with the discovery of reason.
In this paper I will focus on the political ideas of benedictus de Spinoza as written down in his... more In this paper I will focus on the political ideas of benedictus de Spinoza as written down in his Theologico-Political Treatise (TTP), especially his idea about tolerance that is linked with freedom of thought and freedom of expression. This idea of tolerance has to be seen as an invention in the social field and was linked with the discovery of reason.
Optimism in a time of uncertainty. Spinoza, Kant and the eternal peace., 2020
Aim: This article describes ideas of Enlightenment thinkers about the building of a democratic st... more Aim: This article describes ideas of Enlightenment thinkers about the building of a democratic state with responsible and rationally thinking citizens. The article starts with the ideas of Spinoza, formulated in the seventeenth century, and will end in our time, where democracy is under threat. Design/Research method: The article relies on professional publications, both within the fields of philosophy and political sociology. Conclusions/findings: The study concludes that the optimistic expectations about the increase of democracy and the stability of democratic institutions in the world are no longer valid. Originality/Value of the article: Recent developments in the political field in the western world make this optimism questionable.
The Central European Review of Economics and Management
Aim: This article describes ideas of Enlightenment thinkers about the building of a democratic st... more Aim: This article describes ideas of Enlightenment thinkers about the building of a democratic state with responsible and rationally thinking citizens. The article starts with the ideas of Spinoza, formulated in the seventeenth century, and will end in our time, where democracy is under threat. Design/Research method: The article relies on professional publications, both within the fields of philosophy and political sociology. Conclusions/findings: The study concludes that the optimistic expectations about the increase of democracy and the stability of democratic institutions in the world are no longer valid. Originality/Value of the article: Recent developments in the political field in the western world make this optimism questionable
There are several hypothesis about the revival of the ideas of Spinoza in the Netherlands in the ... more There are several hypothesis about the revival of the ideas of Spinoza in the Netherlands in the nineteenth century. This paper will focus on this revival. I use the method of historical reading as propageted by Bourdieu when I look at the reception in the nineteenth century of the philosophical text of Spinoza, who lived in the seventeenth century,
In this paper I will focus on the political ideas of Benedictus de Spinoza as written down in his... more In this paper I will focus on the political ideas of Benedictus de Spinoza as written down in his Theologico-Political Treatise (TTP) and his Political Treatise (TP), especially his idea about tolerance that is linked with freedom of thought and freedom of expression. This idea of tolerance has to be seen as an invention in the social field and was linked with the discovery of reason.
In this paper I will focus on the political ideas of benedictus de Spinoza as written down in his... more In this paper I will focus on the political ideas of benedictus de Spinoza as written down in his Theologico-Political Treatise (TTP), especially his idea about tolerance that is linked with freedom of thought and freedom of expression. This idea of tolerance has to be seen as an invention in the social field and was linked with the discovery of reason.
Optimism in a time of uncertainty. Spinoza, Kant and the eternal peace., 2020
Aim: This article describes ideas of Enlightenment thinkers about the building of a democratic st... more Aim: This article describes ideas of Enlightenment thinkers about the building of a democratic state with responsible and rationally thinking citizens. The article starts with the ideas of Spinoza, formulated in the seventeenth century, and will end in our time, where democracy is under threat. Design/Research method: The article relies on professional publications, both within the fields of philosophy and political sociology. Conclusions/findings: The study concludes that the optimistic expectations about the increase of democracy and the stability of democratic institutions in the world are no longer valid. Originality/Value of the article: Recent developments in the political field in the western world make this optimism questionable.
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