The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 2006
Under-ascertainment and under-reporting of tuberculosis (TB) hampers surveillance and control. Ca... more Under-ascertainment and under-reporting of tuberculosis (TB) hampers surveillance and control. Case detection is improved by record linkage of case registers and under-reporting can be estimated by capture-recapture (CR) analysis. To assess the completeness of the TB registration systems and estimation of TB incidence and under-reporting in the Piedmont Region of Italy in 2001. Record linkage of the 'physician notification system', the TB laboratory register and the hospital records register, and subsequent three-sample CR analysis. Record linkage identified 657 TB cases; CR analysis estimated 47 (95%CI 31-71) unrecorded cases. Under-reporting of the 'physician notification system' was estimated at 21% (95%CI 20-23). The overall estimated TB incidence rate was 16.7 cases per 100000 population (95%CI 16.3-17.3), varying according to the subset investigated: 12.7 for individuals from low TB prevalence countries and 214.1 for immigrants from high TB prevalence countries...
Primary cavitating tuberculosis is a rare complication of primary tuberculosis in young children.... more Primary cavitating tuberculosis is a rare complication of primary tuberculosis in young children. In the absence of a known adult source case, the diagnosis of tuberculosis in children can be difficult. We describe an 8-month-old baby with primary cavitating tuberculosis, in whom there was considerable delay in diagnosis, and review the literature.
Cardiac and cerebrovascular events in hypertensive patients are related to specific features of t... more Cardiac and cerebrovascular events in hypertensive patients are related to specific features of the 24-hour diurnal blood pressure (BP) profile (i.e., daytime and nighttime BP, nocturnal dip (ND), and morning surge (MS)). This investigation aimed to characterize 24-hour diurnal systolic BP (SBP) with parameters that correlate directly with daytime and nighttime SBP, ND, and MS using nonlinear mixed effects modeling. Ambulatory 24-hour SBP measurements (ABPM) of 196 nontreated subjects from three ethnic groups were available. A population model was parameterized in NONMEM to estimate and evaluate the parameters baseline SBP (BSL), nadir (minimum SBP during the night), and change (SBP difference between day and night). Associations were tested between these parameters and patient-related factors to explain interindividual variability. The diurnal SBP profile was adequately described as the sum of 2 cosine functions. The following typical values (interindividual variability) were found: BSL = 139 mm Hg (11%); nadir = 122 mm Hg (14%); change = 25 mm Hg (52%), and residual error = 12 mm Hg. The model parameters correlate well with daytime and nighttime SBP, ND, and MS (R (2) = 0.50-0.92). During covariate analysis, ethnicity was found to be associated with change; change was 40% higher in white Dutch subjects and 26.8% higher in South Asians than in blacks. The developed population model allows simultaneous estimation of BSL, nadir, and change for all individuals in the investigated population, regardless of individual number of SBP measurements. Ethnicity was associated with change. The model provides a tool to evaluate and optimize the sampling frequency for 24-hour ABPM.
The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 2011
Reliable surveillance is essential for any tuberculosis (TB) control programme; however, under-re... more Reliable surveillance is essential for any tuberculosis (TB) control programme; however, under-registration of TB cases due to under-notification of patients on treatment or failure to initiate treatment has been well-documented internationally. To determine the contribution of capture-recapture methods in estimating the completeness of bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary TB registration in two high-incident communities in South Africa. Record linkage between the TB treatment register and two laboratory sputum TB result registers and three-source log-linear capture-recapture analysis. The number of bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary TB cases in the TB treatment register was 243, with an additional 63 cases identified in the two laboratory databases, resulting in 306 TB cases. The observed completeness of the TB treatment register was 79%. The log-linear model estimated 326 (95%CI 314-355) TB cases, resulting in an estimated completeness of registration of 75% (95%CI 68-77). Capture-recapture can be useful in evaluating the completeness of TB control surveillance and registration, including in resource-limited settings; however, methodology and results should be carefully assessed. Interventions are needed to increase the completeness of registration and to reduce the number of initial defaulters.
... 12. If the major determinants of a disease are social, so must be the remedies. 13Tuberculosi... more ... 12. If the major determinants of a disease are social, so must be the remedies. 13Tuberculosis cannot be controlled unless the disease is tackled effectively among socially excluded groups. This demands coordinated action ...
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 2007
In 2002, a mobile radiographic screening program was started in Rotterdam to respond to high rate... more In 2002, a mobile radiographic screening program was started in Rotterdam to respond to high rates of tuberculosis (TB) among illicit drug users and homeless persons. We studied trends and characteristics of TB among these risk groups and assessed the impact of the screening program on transmission, using molecular typing. Description of trends, and of demographic and disease-related characteristics of tuberculosis cases among these risk groups between 1993 and 2005. TB was considered to result from recent transmission if the mycobacterial DNA fingerprints of cases were identical to those of other cases in the risk groups in the previous 2 years. During the study period, 206 individuals with TB among illicit drug users and homeless persons were notified, representing 11.4% of the total case load of 1,811 in Rotterdam. The annual number of tuberculosis cases declined from 24 at the start of the screening program to 11 cases in 2005. The screening program identified 28 cases (a prevalence rate of 327 per 100,000 radiographs), of which 12 were smear positive. In 1997-2002, more than 80% of the illicit drug users or homeless persons with TB were infected with one of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains prevalent among these risk groups. After nearly 4 years of systematic radiographic screening this proportion declined to 45% in 2005. DNA fingerprinting can be a useful tool to evaluate the impact of a TB screening program. We advocate that screening of illicit drug users and homeless persons should be continued to prevent a resurgence of TB.
The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 2006
Under-ascertainment and under-reporting of tuberculosis (TB) hampers surveillance and control. Ca... more Under-ascertainment and under-reporting of tuberculosis (TB) hampers surveillance and control. Case detection is improved by record linkage of case registers and under-reporting can be estimated by capture-recapture (CR) analysis. To assess the completeness of the TB registration systems and estimation of TB incidence and under-reporting in the Piedmont Region of Italy in 2001. Record linkage of the 'physician notification system', the TB laboratory register and the hospital records register, and subsequent three-sample CR analysis. Record linkage identified 657 TB cases; CR analysis estimated 47 (95%CI 31-71) unrecorded cases. Under-reporting of the 'physician notification system' was estimated at 21% (95%CI 20-23). The overall estimated TB incidence rate was 16.7 cases per 100000 population (95%CI 16.3-17.3), varying according to the subset investigated: 12.7 for individuals from low TB prevalence countries and 214.1 for immigrants from high TB prevalence countries...
Primary cavitating tuberculosis is a rare complication of primary tuberculosis in young children.... more Primary cavitating tuberculosis is a rare complication of primary tuberculosis in young children. In the absence of a known adult source case, the diagnosis of tuberculosis in children can be difficult. We describe an 8-month-old baby with primary cavitating tuberculosis, in whom there was considerable delay in diagnosis, and review the literature.
Cardiac and cerebrovascular events in hypertensive patients are related to specific features of t... more Cardiac and cerebrovascular events in hypertensive patients are related to specific features of the 24-hour diurnal blood pressure (BP) profile (i.e., daytime and nighttime BP, nocturnal dip (ND), and morning surge (MS)). This investigation aimed to characterize 24-hour diurnal systolic BP (SBP) with parameters that correlate directly with daytime and nighttime SBP, ND, and MS using nonlinear mixed effects modeling. Ambulatory 24-hour SBP measurements (ABPM) of 196 nontreated subjects from three ethnic groups were available. A population model was parameterized in NONMEM to estimate and evaluate the parameters baseline SBP (BSL), nadir (minimum SBP during the night), and change (SBP difference between day and night). Associations were tested between these parameters and patient-related factors to explain interindividual variability. The diurnal SBP profile was adequately described as the sum of 2 cosine functions. The following typical values (interindividual variability) were found: BSL = 139 mm Hg (11%); nadir = 122 mm Hg (14%); change = 25 mm Hg (52%), and residual error = 12 mm Hg. The model parameters correlate well with daytime and nighttime SBP, ND, and MS (R (2) = 0.50-0.92). During covariate analysis, ethnicity was found to be associated with change; change was 40% higher in white Dutch subjects and 26.8% higher in South Asians than in blacks. The developed population model allows simultaneous estimation of BSL, nadir, and change for all individuals in the investigated population, regardless of individual number of SBP measurements. Ethnicity was associated with change. The model provides a tool to evaluate and optimize the sampling frequency for 24-hour ABPM.
The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 2011
Reliable surveillance is essential for any tuberculosis (TB) control programme; however, under-re... more Reliable surveillance is essential for any tuberculosis (TB) control programme; however, under-registration of TB cases due to under-notification of patients on treatment or failure to initiate treatment has been well-documented internationally. To determine the contribution of capture-recapture methods in estimating the completeness of bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary TB registration in two high-incident communities in South Africa. Record linkage between the TB treatment register and two laboratory sputum TB result registers and three-source log-linear capture-recapture analysis. The number of bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary TB cases in the TB treatment register was 243, with an additional 63 cases identified in the two laboratory databases, resulting in 306 TB cases. The observed completeness of the TB treatment register was 79%. The log-linear model estimated 326 (95%CI 314-355) TB cases, resulting in an estimated completeness of registration of 75% (95%CI 68-77). Capture-recapture can be useful in evaluating the completeness of TB control surveillance and registration, including in resource-limited settings; however, methodology and results should be carefully assessed. Interventions are needed to increase the completeness of registration and to reduce the number of initial defaulters.
... 12. If the major determinants of a disease are social, so must be the remedies. 13Tuberculosi... more ... 12. If the major determinants of a disease are social, so must be the remedies. 13Tuberculosis cannot be controlled unless the disease is tackled effectively among socially excluded groups. This demands coordinated action ...
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 2007
In 2002, a mobile radiographic screening program was started in Rotterdam to respond to high rate... more In 2002, a mobile radiographic screening program was started in Rotterdam to respond to high rates of tuberculosis (TB) among illicit drug users and homeless persons. We studied trends and characteristics of TB among these risk groups and assessed the impact of the screening program on transmission, using molecular typing. Description of trends, and of demographic and disease-related characteristics of tuberculosis cases among these risk groups between 1993 and 2005. TB was considered to result from recent transmission if the mycobacterial DNA fingerprints of cases were identical to those of other cases in the risk groups in the previous 2 years. During the study period, 206 individuals with TB among illicit drug users and homeless persons were notified, representing 11.4% of the total case load of 1,811 in Rotterdam. The annual number of tuberculosis cases declined from 24 at the start of the screening program to 11 cases in 2005. The screening program identified 28 cases (a prevalence rate of 327 per 100,000 radiographs), of which 12 were smear positive. In 1997-2002, more than 80% of the illicit drug users or homeless persons with TB were infected with one of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains prevalent among these risk groups. After nearly 4 years of systematic radiographic screening this proportion declined to 45% in 2005. DNA fingerprinting can be a useful tool to evaluate the impact of a TB screening program. We advocate that screening of illicit drug users and homeless persons should be continued to prevent a resurgence of TB.
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Papers by R. van Hest