Shawn Arita

ABSTRACT. Social networks have recently been identified as key features in facilitating or constraining collaborative arrangements that can enhance resource governance and adaptability in complex social-ecological systems. Nonetheless, the effect of ethnicity on social network structure in an ethnically diverse common-pool resource system is virtually unknown.

Abstract During the past decade of declining FDI barriers, small domestic firms disproportionately contracted in size while large multinational firms experienced substantial growth in Japan's manufacturing sector. This paper quantitatively assesses the impact of FDI globalization on intra-industry reallocations and aggregate productivity. We calibrate the firm-heterogeneity model of Eaton, Kortum, and Kramarz (2011) to micro-level data on Japanese multinational firms.

Published by the College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources (CTAHR) and issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension work, Acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, in cooperation with the US Department of Agriculture, under the Director/Dean, Cooperative Extension Service/CTAHR, University of Hawai 'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawai 'i 96822. Copyright 2011, University of Hawai 'i. For reproduction and use permission, contact the CTAHR Office of Communication Services, ocs@ ctahr. hawaii. edu, 808-956-7036.

The geographical landscape of FDI is showing signs of change. Today developing countries are attracting increasing amounts of FDI from not only developed countries, but from each other. The value of the outward FDI stock from the south reached $1.4 trillion dollars, or 13% of the world total (UNCTAD 2006). Many poor countries will like to keep their capital but the newest trend in globalization has been the growth of Emerging Market 1 Multinational Enterprises (EMNEs).

1. BACKGROUND Pelagic marine fisheries, like other natural resource systems, are dynamic and complex, comprised of multiple components often operating at various spatial and temporal scales (see Berkes et al. 2003). Due to this complexity and the dynamic nature of pelagic marine fisheries, individual fishers operate in a heterogeneous environment and are faced with a high level of uncertainty on a daily basis.

Social networks and social capital can facilitate or constrain collaborative arrangements which can enhance resource governance and adaptability in complex social-ecological systems such as fisheries. Yet, the impact of ethnic diversity among resource users on social network capital in the context of resource governance has not been previously examined.

Abstract This paper quantitatively investigates the impact of falling FDI barriers on changes in intra-industry reallocations and aggregate productivity growth. Expanding on our earlier work (Arita and Tanaka 2011), we calibrate an adapted version of Eaton, Kortum, and Kramarz's (2011) general equilibrium model of heterogeneous firms to Japanese multinational firms facing fixed and variable FDI barriers.