ABSTRACTBackground:Cognitive and psychiatric features are important components of dementia. Early... more ABSTRACTBackground:Cognitive and psychiatric features are important components of dementia. Early onset dementia (EOD) has been found to be associated with a greater genetic basis. If this is the case, EOD could have genetic association with psychiatric illnesses, given the presence of more behavioral disturbances in this condition. There is a definite need to explore the presence of psychiatric symptoms and disorders in families of patients with dementia.Methods:The authors compared 52 proband families of dementia and 45 control families in order to assess the familial co-aggregation of major psychiatric illnesses. The cumulative risk in first degree relatives in the two groups for major psychiatric illnesses was calculated using Kaplan Meier Survival analysis. Early onset and late onset dementia proband families were compared separately with control families for the same.Results:There was a significantly higher morbid risk for psychosis in dementia proband families (generalized Wi...
The psychiatric morbidity of 30 leprosy patients was compared with that of psoriasis in a clinic ... more The psychiatric morbidity of 30 leprosy patients was compared with that of psoriasis in a clinic set-up. The prevalence of psychiatric morbidity was significantly less among leprosy patients (122/1000) than among those with psoriasis (476/1000); but the severity of the problem, as measured by General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), was significantly greater among leprosy patients (p < 0.05). There was no difference in the pattern of psychopathology diagnosis between the two groups. Depressive neurosis was the most common diagnosis in both the groups. The relevance of these findings in relation to leprosy is discussed.
Journal of the Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, 2002
The purpose of the present study was to describe the oral health status and treatment requirement... more The purpose of the present study was to describe the oral health status and treatment requirements and to study the association between dental caries and mental illness in a group of hospitalized psychiatric patients.A total of 326 psychiatric patients were examined and compared with 156 normal persons of comparable age and sex. 75.5% of the psychiatric patients exhibited caries experience with significantly higher DMFT and DMFS compared to the 66% in controls. Stepwise regression analysis demonstrated that DMFT was related to age, type of the ward and duration of mental illness. Periodontal diseases were significantly higher among psychiatric patients than controls. Higher proportion of psychiatric patients were suffering from TMJ disorders. Further, extensive dental treatment requirements were observed among these patients.
The relationship between psychiatric morbidity in 30 leprosy patients under treatment as assessed... more The relationship between psychiatric morbidity in 30 leprosy patients under treatment as assessed by the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) and certain variables of their illness and psychosocial factors is examined in this paper. Physical disability and duration of illness were the illness variables considered; knowledge and adjustment were the psychosocial variables included. Bell's Adjustment Inventory (BAI) measured the latter, psychiatric morbidity was positively correlated with physical disability (p < 0.05), knowledge about the disease (p < 0.01) and social, emotional and health maladjustment (p < 0.01), but not with duration of illness (p > 0.05). The importance of appropriate knowledge, social stigma and physical disability in leprosy is discussed in addressing the psychiatric morbidity of leprosy patients.
Adolescence is a period of diverse challenges, curiosity, risk taking and skill acquisition. Indi... more Adolescence is a period of diverse challenges, curiosity, risk taking and skill acquisition. Individual and contextual changes during adolescence are rapid and pervasive. Adolescent substance use is a public health problem with serious personal and societal consequences. Recent studies from western countries as well as India have reported a high prevalence of substance abuse in adolescents [1 – 3]. Among the substance tobacco use is of great concern due to increasing prevalence in the developing countries. As much as 18% of the adolescents around the world use tobacco [4]. The use of tobacco is increasing due to the aggressive marketing by tobacco targeting adolescents. Raising an adolescent is a challenging task for the society and parents. Research has established the role of parental influence on adolescent substance use [5]. Parenting seems to mediate adolescent substance use independent of peer influences [6]. In a systematic review of longitudinal studies, reduced levels of al...
Journal of the Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, 2002
The purpose of the present study was to describe the oral health status and treatment requirement... more The purpose of the present study was to describe the oral health status and treatment requirements and to study the association between dental caries and mental illness in a group of hospitalized psychiatric patients.A total of 326 psychiatric patients were examined and compared with 156 normal persons of comparable age and sex. 75.5% of the psychiatric patients exhibited caries experience with significantly higher DMFT and DMFS compared to the 66% in controls. Stepwise regression analysis demonstrated that DMFT was related to age, type of the ward and duration of mental illness. Periodontal diseases were significantly higher among psychiatric patients than controls. Higher proportion of psychiatric patients were suffering from TMJ disorders. Further, extensive dental treatment requirements were observed among these patients.
Self-mutilation (SM) has been defined as 'painful, destructive and injurious acts upon the b... more Self-mutilation (SM) has been defined as 'painful, destructive and injurious acts upon the body without the apparent intent to commit suicide' [1]. It is commonly encountered in psychiatric setups in patients suffering from schizophrenia, depression, personality disorders, and mental ...
Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, 2010
Schizo-obsession as probable temporal lobe epilepsy phenomenon Sir, The interaction between schiz... more Schizo-obsession as probable temporal lobe epilepsy phenomenon Sir, The interaction between schizophrenic symptoms and seizures has been observed in various formsas interictal, postictal, ictal or even nonconvulsive status epilepticus (Elliott et al., 2009; Gibbs, 1951), including psychiatric manifestations such as obsessional traits and obsessivecompulsive disorder, (Isaacs et al., 2004) thus speculating about the existence of a behavioral syndrome, particularly in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). However, both psychotic and obsessive symptoms have never been reported in a single patient till date. We report the first such case of a patient which resolved with antiepileptic drug treatment. A 45-year-old male, with a family history of bipolar affective disorder, physician by profession was admitted to our department with an elevenyear history of paranoia, irritable mood secondary to the paranoia comprising persecutory and referential delusions and thought diffusion. This was followed by repeated intrusive egodystonic thoughts, both of an aggressive and sexual nature, that were perceived as extremely stressful. With a co-morbid diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive disorder, SSRIs and antipsychotics were started along with behavior therapy. This however only led to minimal improvement in symptoms. A file review revealed
ApoE4 is a 'risk factor' for cognitive disorders like Alzheimer's dementia, and Late Onset Depres... more ApoE4 is a 'risk factor' for cognitive disorders like Alzheimer's dementia, and Late Onset Depression (LOD) is a forerunner of dementia. There is thus a need to study the association between ApoE4 allele and LOD. Method: The study assessed the frequency of ApoE4 allele in 31 cases of LOD above the age of 50 years and 31 matched controls. The subjects were assessed on various clinical parameters towards diagnosis. Results: There was a significant association between the ApoE4 allele and LOD in comparison to controls (Odd's ratio = 4.7, Confidence Interval = 1.12 to 19.79, P = 0.035). ApoE4 allele had no association with the age of onset of depression, cognitive functions and severity of LOD. Conclusion: Individuals with LOD have a significantly higher frequency of the ApoE4 allele. In other words, elderly in India with an ApoE4 allele have 4.7 times more risk of developing depression in old age. Within LOD group there is no difference between those with and without ApoE4 accordingly in age of onset of depression, cognitive functions and severity of LOD.
Ž. The published studies using P300 event-related potential ERP as a vulnerability marker in schi... more Ž. The published studies using P300 event-related potential ERP as a vulnerability marker in schizophrenia have been summarized and reviewed. Several factors across sibling, offspring, and familial studies appear to contribute to the variegated findings with respect to the utility of P300 as a vulnerability marker for schizophrenia. These include how subject samples are defined in terms of their genetic loading for schizophrenia, sample size, ERP methodology, and the relationship of P300 measures to neuropsychological test outcomes. It was concluded that the P300 holds promise as a vulnerability marker for schizophrenia, if used in conjunction with other neuroimaging and neuropsychological testing methods.
The purpose of the present study was to describe the oral health status and treatment requirement... more The purpose of the present study was to describe the oral health status and treatment requirements and to study the association between dental caries and mental illness in a group of hospitalized psychiatric patients.A total of 326 psychiatric patients were examined and compared with 156 normal persons of comparable age and sex. 75.5% of the psychiatric patients exhibited caries experience with significantly higher DMFT and DMFS compared to the 66% in controls. Stepwise regression analysis demonstrated that DMFT was related to age, type of the ward and duration of mental illness. Periodontal diseases were significantly higher among psychiatric patients than controls. Higher proportion of psychiatric patients were suffering from TMJ disorders. Further, extensive dental treatment requirements were observed among these patients.
1. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2010 May 21. [Epub ahead of print] Schizo-obsession... more 1. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2010 May 21. [Epub ahead of print] Schizo-obsession as probable temporal lobe epilepsy phenomenon. Shukla A, Saddichha S, Gupta H, Bharath S. National Institute of Mental ...
The published studies using P300 event-related potential (ERP) as a vulnerability marker in schiz... more The published studies using P300 event-related potential (ERP) as a vulnerability marker in schizophrenia have been summarized and reviewed. Several factors across sibling, offspring, and familial studies appear to contribute to the variegated findings with respect ...
ApoE4 polymorphism in the dementia group. Conclusion: The study confirmed the positive associatio... more ApoE4 polymorphism in the dementia group. Conclusion: The study confirmed the positive association of the ApoE4 polymorphism in dementia, both in the Alzheimer's and vascular etiology subgroups. Influence of this polymorphism on various clinical phenotypes, including extent of cognitive and functional deficits, needs further evaluation.
ApoE4 is a 'risk factor' for cognitive disorders like Alzheimer's dementia, and Late Onset Depres... more ApoE4 is a 'risk factor' for cognitive disorders like Alzheimer's dementia, and Late Onset Depression (LOD) is a forerunner of dementia. There is thus a need to study the association between ApoE4 allele and LOD. Method: The study assessed the frequency of ApoE4 allele in 31 cases of LOD above the age of 50 years and 31 matched controls. The subjects were assessed on various clinical parameters towards diagnosis. Results: There was a significant association between the ApoE4 allele and LOD in comparison to controls (Odd's ratio = 4.7, Confidence Interval = 1.12 to 19.79, P = 0.035). ApoE4 allele had no association with the age of onset of depression, cognitive functions and severity of LOD. Conclusion: Individuals with LOD have a significantly higher frequency of the ApoE4 allele. In other words, elderly in India with an ApoE4 allele have 4.7 times more risk of developing depression in old age. Within LOD group there is no difference between those with and without ApoE4 accordingly in age of onset of depression, cognitive functions and severity of LOD.
The present study was undertaken to validate the measurement of biomarkers as a supplement to the... more The present study was undertaken to validate the measurement of biomarkers as a supplement to the latest diagnostic criteria for Alzheimer disease (AD) dementia by National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s Association (NIA-AA) work group using a sample attending a tertiary care center in Southern India. A total of 20 subjects diagnosed clinically as Alzheimer&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s dementia according to the NIA-AA criteria for AD were included in the study. The CSF biomarkers Aβ42, t-tau, and p-tau181 were assessed. The biomarker results were compared among mild and moderate to severe AD as defined in the NIA-AA work group guidelines. The results revealed that the amount of Aβ42 was very low in all the 20 samples (&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;50pg/ml) collected from mild AD cases with CDR score of 1 (n=8), and moderate to severe AD cases with CDR &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;1 (n=12). t-tau and p-tau levels were in the range of 39.45±5.09pg/ml and 13.06±7.32pg/ml for CDR 1 group. t-tau and p-tau levels were in the range of 49.9±11.28pg/ml and 33.94±15.13pg/ml for moderate to severe cases. Analysis of the data revealed statistically significant differences in the p-tau/t-tau ratio and p-tau/Aβ ratio between CDR 1and CDR &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;1 AD cases (p&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;0.001) suggesting that p-tau/t-tau and p-tau/Aβ ratio are good indicators of severity of dementia with discriminative value in differentiating mild AD from moderate to severe AD.
ABSTRACTBackground:Cognitive and psychiatric features are important components of dementia. Early... more ABSTRACTBackground:Cognitive and psychiatric features are important components of dementia. Early onset dementia (EOD) has been found to be associated with a greater genetic basis. If this is the case, EOD could have genetic association with psychiatric illnesses, given the presence of more behavioral disturbances in this condition. There is a definite need to explore the presence of psychiatric symptoms and disorders in families of patients with dementia.Methods:The authors compared 52 proband families of dementia and 45 control families in order to assess the familial co-aggregation of major psychiatric illnesses. The cumulative risk in first degree relatives in the two groups for major psychiatric illnesses was calculated using Kaplan Meier Survival analysis. Early onset and late onset dementia proband families were compared separately with control families for the same.Results:There was a significantly higher morbid risk for psychosis in dementia proband families (generalized Wi...
The psychiatric morbidity of 30 leprosy patients was compared with that of psoriasis in a clinic ... more The psychiatric morbidity of 30 leprosy patients was compared with that of psoriasis in a clinic set-up. The prevalence of psychiatric morbidity was significantly less among leprosy patients (122/1000) than among those with psoriasis (476/1000); but the severity of the problem, as measured by General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), was significantly greater among leprosy patients (p < 0.05). There was no difference in the pattern of psychopathology diagnosis between the two groups. Depressive neurosis was the most common diagnosis in both the groups. The relevance of these findings in relation to leprosy is discussed.
Journal of the Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, 2002
The purpose of the present study was to describe the oral health status and treatment requirement... more The purpose of the present study was to describe the oral health status and treatment requirements and to study the association between dental caries and mental illness in a group of hospitalized psychiatric patients.A total of 326 psychiatric patients were examined and compared with 156 normal persons of comparable age and sex. 75.5% of the psychiatric patients exhibited caries experience with significantly higher DMFT and DMFS compared to the 66% in controls. Stepwise regression analysis demonstrated that DMFT was related to age, type of the ward and duration of mental illness. Periodontal diseases were significantly higher among psychiatric patients than controls. Higher proportion of psychiatric patients were suffering from TMJ disorders. Further, extensive dental treatment requirements were observed among these patients.
The relationship between psychiatric morbidity in 30 leprosy patients under treatment as assessed... more The relationship between psychiatric morbidity in 30 leprosy patients under treatment as assessed by the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) and certain variables of their illness and psychosocial factors is examined in this paper. Physical disability and duration of illness were the illness variables considered; knowledge and adjustment were the psychosocial variables included. Bell's Adjustment Inventory (BAI) measured the latter, psychiatric morbidity was positively correlated with physical disability (p < 0.05), knowledge about the disease (p < 0.01) and social, emotional and health maladjustment (p < 0.01), but not with duration of illness (p > 0.05). The importance of appropriate knowledge, social stigma and physical disability in leprosy is discussed in addressing the psychiatric morbidity of leprosy patients.
Adolescence is a period of diverse challenges, curiosity, risk taking and skill acquisition. Indi... more Adolescence is a period of diverse challenges, curiosity, risk taking and skill acquisition. Individual and contextual changes during adolescence are rapid and pervasive. Adolescent substance use is a public health problem with serious personal and societal consequences. Recent studies from western countries as well as India have reported a high prevalence of substance abuse in adolescents [1 – 3]. Among the substance tobacco use is of great concern due to increasing prevalence in the developing countries. As much as 18% of the adolescents around the world use tobacco [4]. The use of tobacco is increasing due to the aggressive marketing by tobacco targeting adolescents. Raising an adolescent is a challenging task for the society and parents. Research has established the role of parental influence on adolescent substance use [5]. Parenting seems to mediate adolescent substance use independent of peer influences [6]. In a systematic review of longitudinal studies, reduced levels of al...
Journal of the Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, 2002
The purpose of the present study was to describe the oral health status and treatment requirement... more The purpose of the present study was to describe the oral health status and treatment requirements and to study the association between dental caries and mental illness in a group of hospitalized psychiatric patients.A total of 326 psychiatric patients were examined and compared with 156 normal persons of comparable age and sex. 75.5% of the psychiatric patients exhibited caries experience with significantly higher DMFT and DMFS compared to the 66% in controls. Stepwise regression analysis demonstrated that DMFT was related to age, type of the ward and duration of mental illness. Periodontal diseases were significantly higher among psychiatric patients than controls. Higher proportion of psychiatric patients were suffering from TMJ disorders. Further, extensive dental treatment requirements were observed among these patients.
Self-mutilation (SM) has been defined as 'painful, destructive and injurious acts upon the b... more Self-mutilation (SM) has been defined as 'painful, destructive and injurious acts upon the body without the apparent intent to commit suicide' [1]. It is commonly encountered in psychiatric setups in patients suffering from schizophrenia, depression, personality disorders, and mental ...
Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, 2010
Schizo-obsession as probable temporal lobe epilepsy phenomenon Sir, The interaction between schiz... more Schizo-obsession as probable temporal lobe epilepsy phenomenon Sir, The interaction between schizophrenic symptoms and seizures has been observed in various formsas interictal, postictal, ictal or even nonconvulsive status epilepticus (Elliott et al., 2009; Gibbs, 1951), including psychiatric manifestations such as obsessional traits and obsessivecompulsive disorder, (Isaacs et al., 2004) thus speculating about the existence of a behavioral syndrome, particularly in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). However, both psychotic and obsessive symptoms have never been reported in a single patient till date. We report the first such case of a patient which resolved with antiepileptic drug treatment. A 45-year-old male, with a family history of bipolar affective disorder, physician by profession was admitted to our department with an elevenyear history of paranoia, irritable mood secondary to the paranoia comprising persecutory and referential delusions and thought diffusion. This was followed by repeated intrusive egodystonic thoughts, both of an aggressive and sexual nature, that were perceived as extremely stressful. With a co-morbid diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive disorder, SSRIs and antipsychotics were started along with behavior therapy. This however only led to minimal improvement in symptoms. A file review revealed
ApoE4 is a 'risk factor' for cognitive disorders like Alzheimer's dementia, and Late Onset Depres... more ApoE4 is a 'risk factor' for cognitive disorders like Alzheimer's dementia, and Late Onset Depression (LOD) is a forerunner of dementia. There is thus a need to study the association between ApoE4 allele and LOD. Method: The study assessed the frequency of ApoE4 allele in 31 cases of LOD above the age of 50 years and 31 matched controls. The subjects were assessed on various clinical parameters towards diagnosis. Results: There was a significant association between the ApoE4 allele and LOD in comparison to controls (Odd's ratio = 4.7, Confidence Interval = 1.12 to 19.79, P = 0.035). ApoE4 allele had no association with the age of onset of depression, cognitive functions and severity of LOD. Conclusion: Individuals with LOD have a significantly higher frequency of the ApoE4 allele. In other words, elderly in India with an ApoE4 allele have 4.7 times more risk of developing depression in old age. Within LOD group there is no difference between those with and without ApoE4 accordingly in age of onset of depression, cognitive functions and severity of LOD.
Ž. The published studies using P300 event-related potential ERP as a vulnerability marker in schi... more Ž. The published studies using P300 event-related potential ERP as a vulnerability marker in schizophrenia have been summarized and reviewed. Several factors across sibling, offspring, and familial studies appear to contribute to the variegated findings with respect to the utility of P300 as a vulnerability marker for schizophrenia. These include how subject samples are defined in terms of their genetic loading for schizophrenia, sample size, ERP methodology, and the relationship of P300 measures to neuropsychological test outcomes. It was concluded that the P300 holds promise as a vulnerability marker for schizophrenia, if used in conjunction with other neuroimaging and neuropsychological testing methods.
The purpose of the present study was to describe the oral health status and treatment requirement... more The purpose of the present study was to describe the oral health status and treatment requirements and to study the association between dental caries and mental illness in a group of hospitalized psychiatric patients.A total of 326 psychiatric patients were examined and compared with 156 normal persons of comparable age and sex. 75.5% of the psychiatric patients exhibited caries experience with significantly higher DMFT and DMFS compared to the 66% in controls. Stepwise regression analysis demonstrated that DMFT was related to age, type of the ward and duration of mental illness. Periodontal diseases were significantly higher among psychiatric patients than controls. Higher proportion of psychiatric patients were suffering from TMJ disorders. Further, extensive dental treatment requirements were observed among these patients.
1. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2010 May 21. [Epub ahead of print] Schizo-obsession... more 1. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2010 May 21. [Epub ahead of print] Schizo-obsession as probable temporal lobe epilepsy phenomenon. Shukla A, Saddichha S, Gupta H, Bharath S. National Institute of Mental ...
The published studies using P300 event-related potential (ERP) as a vulnerability marker in schiz... more The published studies using P300 event-related potential (ERP) as a vulnerability marker in schizophrenia have been summarized and reviewed. Several factors across sibling, offspring, and familial studies appear to contribute to the variegated findings with respect ...
ApoE4 polymorphism in the dementia group. Conclusion: The study confirmed the positive associatio... more ApoE4 polymorphism in the dementia group. Conclusion: The study confirmed the positive association of the ApoE4 polymorphism in dementia, both in the Alzheimer's and vascular etiology subgroups. Influence of this polymorphism on various clinical phenotypes, including extent of cognitive and functional deficits, needs further evaluation.
ApoE4 is a 'risk factor' for cognitive disorders like Alzheimer's dementia, and Late Onset Depres... more ApoE4 is a 'risk factor' for cognitive disorders like Alzheimer's dementia, and Late Onset Depression (LOD) is a forerunner of dementia. There is thus a need to study the association between ApoE4 allele and LOD. Method: The study assessed the frequency of ApoE4 allele in 31 cases of LOD above the age of 50 years and 31 matched controls. The subjects were assessed on various clinical parameters towards diagnosis. Results: There was a significant association between the ApoE4 allele and LOD in comparison to controls (Odd's ratio = 4.7, Confidence Interval = 1.12 to 19.79, P = 0.035). ApoE4 allele had no association with the age of onset of depression, cognitive functions and severity of LOD. Conclusion: Individuals with LOD have a significantly higher frequency of the ApoE4 allele. In other words, elderly in India with an ApoE4 allele have 4.7 times more risk of developing depression in old age. Within LOD group there is no difference between those with and without ApoE4 accordingly in age of onset of depression, cognitive functions and severity of LOD.
The present study was undertaken to validate the measurement of biomarkers as a supplement to the... more The present study was undertaken to validate the measurement of biomarkers as a supplement to the latest diagnostic criteria for Alzheimer disease (AD) dementia by National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s Association (NIA-AA) work group using a sample attending a tertiary care center in Southern India. A total of 20 subjects diagnosed clinically as Alzheimer&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s dementia according to the NIA-AA criteria for AD were included in the study. The CSF biomarkers Aβ42, t-tau, and p-tau181 were assessed. The biomarker results were compared among mild and moderate to severe AD as defined in the NIA-AA work group guidelines. The results revealed that the amount of Aβ42 was very low in all the 20 samples (&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;50pg/ml) collected from mild AD cases with CDR score of 1 (n=8), and moderate to severe AD cases with CDR &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;1 (n=12). t-tau and p-tau levels were in the range of 39.45±5.09pg/ml and 13.06±7.32pg/ml for CDR 1 group. t-tau and p-tau levels were in the range of 49.9±11.28pg/ml and 33.94±15.13pg/ml for moderate to severe cases. Analysis of the data revealed statistically significant differences in the p-tau/t-tau ratio and p-tau/Aβ ratio between CDR 1and CDR &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;1 AD cases (p&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;0.001) suggesting that p-tau/t-tau and p-tau/Aβ ratio are good indicators of severity of dementia with discriminative value in differentiating mild AD from moderate to severe AD.
Background: Balance efficacy starts declining from middle age. Information on the relationship be... more Background: Balance efficacy starts declining from middle age. Information on the relationship between specific sub-components of balance and gait stability in a middle-aged group is crucial to implement effective preventive measures of falls in the elderly. Methods: Healthy volunteers (n=50) between 45 to 65 years of both genders underwent a quantitative measurement of balance and gait on both single and dual-task paradigms. Results: Significant positive correlation was found between anteroposterior index (API) with Coefficient variation of Step Length of both lower limbs (r = 0 .289, p = 0.042 & r = (0.372), p =0.008 and (r = 0.444, p = 0.001 & r = 0.444, p = 0.001) at single and dual task respectively. Conclusion: API was found to be associated with gait stability in the middle age group. However, considering the crosssectional nature of this study, the inference needs to be confirmed in future studies to establish the causal relationship.
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