Det norske systemet for særavgifter skal bidra til å skaffe staten inntekter og korrigere for eks... more Det norske systemet for særavgifter skal bidra til å skaffe staten inntekter og korrigere for eksterne virkninger. For miljørelaterte avgifter er den største svakheten ved dagens system at avgiftene ofte er differensierte, i tillegg til at store forurensere ofte står helt utenfor avgiftssystemet. For helse- og sosialrelaterte avgifter er det spesielt avgiftene på alkohol som anslås å være for lave i forhold til kostnadene bruken av alkohol påfører samfunnet. Andre forhold enn de tradisjonelle eksterne kostnadene, for eksempel graden av nåtidsskjevhet, kan også vektlegges ved utformingen av optimale avgifter
This article discusses how different climate policy instruments such as CO2 taxes and renewable e... more This article discusses how different climate policy instruments such as CO2 taxes and renewable energy subsidies affect the profitability of fossil-fuel production, given that a fixed global climate target shall be achieved in the long term. Within an intertemporal framework, the model analyses show that CO2 taxes reduce the short-term profitability to a greater extent than technology subsidies, since the
We present an intertemporal equilibrium model for fossil fuels, and study the effects on oil pric... more We present an intertemporal equilibrium model for fossil fuels, and study the effects on oil prices, extraction paths and oil wealth of an international carbon tax on fossil fuel consumption Our conclusion is that a carbon tax will hurt OPEC more than other producers, as the cartel is induced by its market power to restrain production in order to maintain the oil price. Thus, the effects on the oil wealth of the competitive fringe are minor, while OPEC's wealth is considerably reduced. We also show by applying a competitive model that this result is due to market structure, and not to differences in the resource base.
Det norske systemet for særavgifter skal bidra til å skaffe staten inntekter og korrigere for eks... more Det norske systemet for særavgifter skal bidra til å skaffe staten inntekter og korrigere for eksterne virkninger. For miljørelaterte avgifter er den største svakheten ved dagens system at avgiftene ofte er differensierte, i tillegg til at store forurensere ofte står helt utenfor avgiftssystemet. For helse- og sosialrelaterte avgifter er det spesielt avgiftene på alkohol som anslås å være for lave i forhold til kostnadene bruken av alkohol påfører samfunnet. Andre forhold enn de tradisjonelle eksterne kostnadene, for eksempel graden av nåtidsskjevhet, kan også vektlegges ved utformingen av optimale avgifter
This article discusses how different climate policy instruments such as CO2 taxes and renewable e... more This article discusses how different climate policy instruments such as CO2 taxes and renewable energy subsidies affect the profitability of fossil-fuel production, given that a fixed global climate target shall be achieved in the long term. Within an intertemporal framework, the model analyses show that CO2 taxes reduce the short-term profitability to a greater extent than technology subsidies, since the
We present an intertemporal equilibrium model for fossil fuels, and study the effects on oil pric... more We present an intertemporal equilibrium model for fossil fuels, and study the effects on oil prices, extraction paths and oil wealth of an international carbon tax on fossil fuel consumption Our conclusion is that a carbon tax will hurt OPEC more than other producers, as the cartel is induced by its market power to restrain production in order to maintain the oil price. Thus, the effects on the oil wealth of the competitive fringe are minor, while OPEC's wealth is considerably reduced. We also show by applying a competitive model that this result is due to market structure, and not to differences in the resource base.
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