The use pesticide is one of the indispensable means to combat mosquito borne diseases. However, t... more The use pesticide is one of the indispensable means to combat mosquito borne diseases. However, the repeated use of synthetic pesticides has induced resistance in the vector pest along with undesirable impact on the environment. The biodegradability, non-persistent and user’s safety are the root cause to prefer plant-derived pesticides to synthetic ones. The botanical based pesticides tend to degrade rapidly under the influence of several environmental factors. For the feasible application as pesticides, the plant products are formulated either as liquid or as purely solid. Despite well-established formulation technology in pesticide delivery, their handling trouble is being ignored. There is difficulty in liquid formulation of pesticide products, as they are prone to splashing and spillage, resulting in contamination, wastage and direct exposure to skin; whereas a solid formulation tends to produce dust. In the present work, cedarwood (Cedrus deodara) essential oil embedded pectin ...
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, May 1, 2016
Objective: The objective of this research was to develop the nano-particles of natural colours fr... more Objective: The objective of this research was to develop the nano-particles of natural colours from Ratanjot root, Seabuckthorn pulp, and Annatto seeds and use them in cosmetic products. Multiple herbs were used to have a good mix of active colour constituents and have a possibility to create a range of shades in the final cosmetic formulation without any side-effects. Further, with nano-sizing of the colour constituents, we aimed to obtain better activity and enhanced performance in the final product. Methods: The extraction of natural colours from herbal source was carried out under controlled conditions of temperature (max. 50 °C) and pressure (50-60 mm of Hg) to minimize the loss of actives during the process. The colour fractions separated by solvent fractionation were nanosized by ultra-sonication using polyethylene glycol 400 as additive to distribute uniformly in the formulation. Active colour components were analyzed by HPLC and Lovibond Tintometer to maintain the colour strength in cosmetic formulation. Results: The nano-sizing of natural colour (purplish red dye from Ratanjot root, oil of Seabuckthorn pulp) has resulted in giving an excellent gloss, spreadability and prevention of skin damage due to their good anti-oxidant property. The goodness of Seabuckthorn oil has rendered a special effect of rejuvenating the skin cells to retain their elasticity. Conclusion: The promising results of these formulations have encouraged us to go for pilot trials to extend the study on animal and human subjects for the skin-penetration and kinetics of their healing power.
ASME 2012 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference, 2012
ABSTRACT Increasing strict regulation on the sulfur content of diesel fuels results in decreases ... more ABSTRACT Increasing strict regulation on the sulfur content of diesel fuels results in decreases the lubricity of these fuels. The lubricity of the fuel is an indication of the amount of wear or scarring that occurs between two metal parts covered with the fuel as they come in contact with each other. Low lubricity fuel may cause high wear and scarring and high lubricity fuel may provide reduced wear and longer component life. Previous studies have shown that alkyl esters of triglycerides derived from vegetable oils have increased diesel fuel lubricity at concentration of less than 1%. The major objective of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of indigenous non-edible feedstocks such as jatropha (Jatropha curcas) as an additive in petroleum based diesel fuels. Jatropha oil, and its alky esters (methyl and ethyl ester) and oil-ester blends with diesel were tested as an additive to enhance the lubricity of diesel fuels. In case of fuels, the lubricating behavior is associated with boundary film-forming properties. The analysis was carried out by using ASTM 6079-4 test method using High Frequency Reciprocating Rig (HFRR model D1377) as an analytical tool. The coefficient of friction and wear was observed higher for the low lubricity diesel fuel (LLDF) and it decreases with the addition of additive dose of oil, methyl and ethyl ester of jatropha. It may be due to the better lubricating behavior of non-edible based oil and ester compare to LLDF. During the HFRR test 2±0.20 ml of fluid sample under test is placed in reservoir which is maintained at a specified temperature of 60±2 °C. The HFRR test uses a vertically mounted steel ball to apply force to a horizontally mounted stationary steel disk with an applied load (200±1 g). The test ball is oscillated at a fixed frequency (50 ± 1 Hz) with a fixed stroke length (1 ± 0.02 mm) while the disk is fully immersed in the fluid reservoir. The whole test rig was placed in the humidity cabin with transparent enclosure. The test was kept for 75 minutes and the wear scar on the ball was measured by electronic microscope. It is believed that the high concentration of the particular fatty acid in oil and alkyl ester could be responsible for enhancing the lubricity and subsequent lower wear scar.
Biodiesel is an alternative diesel fuel made from vegetable oil or animal fat. It is more suscept... more Biodiesel is an alternative diesel fuel made from vegetable oil or animal fat. It is more susceptible to oxidation or autoxidation during long-term storage than conventional petrodiesel. Karanja oil methyl ester (KOME) was prepared and stored for a period of 180days under different storage conditions. The physicochemical parameters, peroxide value (PV) and viscosity (v) of samples were measured at regular interval of time under different storage conditions. The stability of Karanja oil methyl ester (KOME) was studied ...
Interest in biomass as a clean source of fuel, chemicals and materials is growing fast. Biomass i... more Interest in biomass as a clean source of fuel, chemicals and materials is growing fast. Biomass is considered as a relatively clean fuel as it decreases or even eliminates net CO2 emission and has low sulphur and NOx content in comparison with fossil fuels. The bio-oil under study contained 45% of water and it forms azeotrope with polar organic compounds. The work has been carried out to isolate the organic fraction of the bio-oil by supercritical CO2. The supercritical CO2 fractions are characterised by CHNS, GC- ...
International Journal of Food Science & Technology, 2011
Summary The effect of microwave power on colour change kinetics of bamboo shoot slices was invest... more Summary The effect of microwave power on colour change kinetics of bamboo shoot slices was investigated during microwave drying. Colour changes were quantified by tri-stimulus Hunter L (whiteness/darkness), a (redness/greenness), and b (yellowness/blueness) system. These values were also used for calculation of total colour change (ΔE), chroma, hue angle, and browning index (BI). Microwave drying as expected changed colour parameters because of browning. The values of L and b decreased, while values of a and ...
Bamboo is extensively used in construction industry. Low durability of bamboo due to fungus infes... more Bamboo is extensively used in construction industry. Low durability of bamboo due to fungus infestation and termites attack under storage puts certain constrains for it usage as modern structural material. Looking at many chemical formulations for bamboo treatment leading to severe harmful environment effects, research on eco-friendly preservatives for bamboo treatment has been initiated world-over. In the present studies, eco-friendly preservative for bamboo treatment has been developed. To validate its application for structural purposes, investigation of effect of treatment on compressive strength has been investigated. Neemoil (25%) integrated with copper naphthenate (0.3%) on dilution with kerosene oil impregnated into bamboo culm at 2 bar pressure, has shown weight loss of only 3.15% in soil block analysis method. The results from compressive strength analysis using HEICO Automatic Compression Testing Machine reveal that preservative treatment has not altered the structural pr...
A b s t r a c t s. Thevetia peruviana J. is a potential biofuel crop with cosmopolitan distributi... more A b s t r a c t s. Thevetia peruviana J. is a potential biofuel crop with cosmopolitan distribution and ensuring fruit-harvest almost throughout the year. Different physical properties of fruit and kernel such as, dimensions, 1000-unit mass, surface area, sphericity, bulk density, true density, aspect ratio and angle of repose has been determined for ease in designing structures and equipments for handling, transportation, storage and processing. The shell has higher moisture content than kernel and fruit. Oil content in the kernel is as high as 62.14% (w/w) while other parts of fruits bear negligible amount of oil. The frequency distribution of size and weight for fruit and kernel has been evaluated. The sphericity of kernel is 10.14% more and the surface area is 77.12% less than that of fruit. Bulk densities of fruits and kernels are 591.70 and 657.73 kg m -3 ; the corresponding true densities are 1106.68 and 942.05 kg m -3 . The porosity of fruit and kernel are 46.51% and 29.82% ...
Murraya paniculata (Linn.) Jack syn M. exotica Linn. commonly known as orange jessamine is grown ... more Murraya paniculata (Linn.) Jack syn M. exotica Linn. commonly known as orange jessamine is grown in gardens for its large clusters of fragrant flowers. Extraction of the fresh flowers with liquid CO 2 provides a floral extract in 0.64% yields. The major components in the extract ...
— Environment friendly treatment of less durable D.Strictus, bamboo species, was performed. Vario... more — Environment friendly treatment of less durable D.Strictus, bamboo species, was performed. Various locally available plant extracts and oil cakes (neem oil, cedar oil, extracts of jatropha leaves, lantana leaves and jatropha cake) were investigated using dip as well as pressure treatment methods. Retention of preservatives and antifungal durability of treated product were compared statistically. Retention level of jatropha cake was found to be the maximum. Leaching test indicated that bamboo treated with neem oil has higher retention levels than other solutions. All the extracts gave protection to bamboo species better than control. Jatropha cake, Jatropha levaes and lantana leaves are found to be effective in protecting bamboo against test fungi. Cedar oil and neem oil are also able to enhance the durability of treated product. Pressure treatment enhanced the effectiveness of these plant extracts by 3-5 times as compared to dip method. Neem oil and kerosene (1:3) in combination wi...
Indian journal of Natural products and Resources, Dec 1, 2010
Abstract: Madhuca indica JF Gmel. syn. M. latifolia Macb. commonly known as mahua is a large tree... more Abstract: Madhuca indica JF Gmel. syn. M. latifolia Macb. commonly known as mahua is a large tree found in the dry deciduous forests of India. The tree produces edible flowers and fruits during leanest season of agriculture (March-May). Collection of mahua flowers and fruits is one of the most important sources of employment for the poorest of the poor in India. The flowers are edible and rich source of sugar, protein, vitamin and minerals. Present paper reviews the earlier research on these flowers and highlights the study conducted for ...
Abstract The volatile flavor compounds of ghee were isolated using sub-critical CO2 extraction. T... more Abstract The volatile flavor compounds of ghee were isolated using sub-critical CO2 extraction. The effect of extraction pressure (3 to 8 MPa), temperature (3 to 38 °C), and time (19 to 221 min) on the extractability of flavor compounds i.e., δ-dodecalctone (C12), δ-tetradecalctone (C14), 3-ethyl-3-methyl heptane and total extraction yield as response variables were studied. The experiments were conducted using a central composite rotatable design of the independent variables. The study revealed that the pressure had a positive effect on the extractability of all three compounds. The optimized sub-critical CO2 extraction pressure, temperature and time for maximum recovery of these compounds were observed at 7 MPa, 10 °C and 66 min, respectively. The values of yields of δ-dodecalctone (C12), δ-tetradecalctone (C14), 3-ethyl-3-methyl heptane, and total extraction yield at the optimized conditions were found to be were found to be 216.54, 109.7, 64.82 ng .g−1 and 5.89% (w/w), respectively.
The use pesticide is one of the indispensable means to combat mosquito borne diseases. However, t... more The use pesticide is one of the indispensable means to combat mosquito borne diseases. However, the repeated use of synthetic pesticides has induced resistance in the vector pest along with undesirable impact on the environment. The biodegradability, non-persistent and user’s safety are the root cause to prefer plant-derived pesticides to synthetic ones. The botanical based pesticides tend to degrade rapidly under the influence of several environmental factors. For the feasible application as pesticides, the plant products are formulated either as liquid or as purely solid. Despite well-established formulation technology in pesticide delivery, their handling trouble is being ignored. There is difficulty in liquid formulation of pesticide products, as they are prone to splashing and spillage, resulting in contamination, wastage and direct exposure to skin; whereas a solid formulation tends to produce dust. In the present work, cedarwood (Cedrus deodara) essential oil embedded pectin ...
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, May 1, 2016
Objective: The objective of this research was to develop the nano-particles of natural colours fr... more Objective: The objective of this research was to develop the nano-particles of natural colours from Ratanjot root, Seabuckthorn pulp, and Annatto seeds and use them in cosmetic products. Multiple herbs were used to have a good mix of active colour constituents and have a possibility to create a range of shades in the final cosmetic formulation without any side-effects. Further, with nano-sizing of the colour constituents, we aimed to obtain better activity and enhanced performance in the final product. Methods: The extraction of natural colours from herbal source was carried out under controlled conditions of temperature (max. 50 °C) and pressure (50-60 mm of Hg) to minimize the loss of actives during the process. The colour fractions separated by solvent fractionation were nanosized by ultra-sonication using polyethylene glycol 400 as additive to distribute uniformly in the formulation. Active colour components were analyzed by HPLC and Lovibond Tintometer to maintain the colour strength in cosmetic formulation. Results: The nano-sizing of natural colour (purplish red dye from Ratanjot root, oil of Seabuckthorn pulp) has resulted in giving an excellent gloss, spreadability and prevention of skin damage due to their good anti-oxidant property. The goodness of Seabuckthorn oil has rendered a special effect of rejuvenating the skin cells to retain their elasticity. Conclusion: The promising results of these formulations have encouraged us to go for pilot trials to extend the study on animal and human subjects for the skin-penetration and kinetics of their healing power.
ASME 2012 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference, 2012
ABSTRACT Increasing strict regulation on the sulfur content of diesel fuels results in decreases ... more ABSTRACT Increasing strict regulation on the sulfur content of diesel fuels results in decreases the lubricity of these fuels. The lubricity of the fuel is an indication of the amount of wear or scarring that occurs between two metal parts covered with the fuel as they come in contact with each other. Low lubricity fuel may cause high wear and scarring and high lubricity fuel may provide reduced wear and longer component life. Previous studies have shown that alkyl esters of triglycerides derived from vegetable oils have increased diesel fuel lubricity at concentration of less than 1%. The major objective of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of indigenous non-edible feedstocks such as jatropha (Jatropha curcas) as an additive in petroleum based diesel fuels. Jatropha oil, and its alky esters (methyl and ethyl ester) and oil-ester blends with diesel were tested as an additive to enhance the lubricity of diesel fuels. In case of fuels, the lubricating behavior is associated with boundary film-forming properties. The analysis was carried out by using ASTM 6079-4 test method using High Frequency Reciprocating Rig (HFRR model D1377) as an analytical tool. The coefficient of friction and wear was observed higher for the low lubricity diesel fuel (LLDF) and it decreases with the addition of additive dose of oil, methyl and ethyl ester of jatropha. It may be due to the better lubricating behavior of non-edible based oil and ester compare to LLDF. During the HFRR test 2±0.20 ml of fluid sample under test is placed in reservoir which is maintained at a specified temperature of 60±2 °C. The HFRR test uses a vertically mounted steel ball to apply force to a horizontally mounted stationary steel disk with an applied load (200±1 g). The test ball is oscillated at a fixed frequency (50 ± 1 Hz) with a fixed stroke length (1 ± 0.02 mm) while the disk is fully immersed in the fluid reservoir. The whole test rig was placed in the humidity cabin with transparent enclosure. The test was kept for 75 minutes and the wear scar on the ball was measured by electronic microscope. It is believed that the high concentration of the particular fatty acid in oil and alkyl ester could be responsible for enhancing the lubricity and subsequent lower wear scar.
Biodiesel is an alternative diesel fuel made from vegetable oil or animal fat. It is more suscept... more Biodiesel is an alternative diesel fuel made from vegetable oil or animal fat. It is more susceptible to oxidation or autoxidation during long-term storage than conventional petrodiesel. Karanja oil methyl ester (KOME) was prepared and stored for a period of 180days under different storage conditions. The physicochemical parameters, peroxide value (PV) and viscosity (v) of samples were measured at regular interval of time under different storage conditions. The stability of Karanja oil methyl ester (KOME) was studied ...
Interest in biomass as a clean source of fuel, chemicals and materials is growing fast. Biomass i... more Interest in biomass as a clean source of fuel, chemicals and materials is growing fast. Biomass is considered as a relatively clean fuel as it decreases or even eliminates net CO2 emission and has low sulphur and NOx content in comparison with fossil fuels. The bio-oil under study contained 45% of water and it forms azeotrope with polar organic compounds. The work has been carried out to isolate the organic fraction of the bio-oil by supercritical CO2. The supercritical CO2 fractions are characterised by CHNS, GC- ...
International Journal of Food Science & Technology, 2011
Summary The effect of microwave power on colour change kinetics of bamboo shoot slices was invest... more Summary The effect of microwave power on colour change kinetics of bamboo shoot slices was investigated during microwave drying. Colour changes were quantified by tri-stimulus Hunter L (whiteness/darkness), a (redness/greenness), and b (yellowness/blueness) system. These values were also used for calculation of total colour change (ΔE), chroma, hue angle, and browning index (BI). Microwave drying as expected changed colour parameters because of browning. The values of L and b decreased, while values of a and ...
Bamboo is extensively used in construction industry. Low durability of bamboo due to fungus infes... more Bamboo is extensively used in construction industry. Low durability of bamboo due to fungus infestation and termites attack under storage puts certain constrains for it usage as modern structural material. Looking at many chemical formulations for bamboo treatment leading to severe harmful environment effects, research on eco-friendly preservatives for bamboo treatment has been initiated world-over. In the present studies, eco-friendly preservative for bamboo treatment has been developed. To validate its application for structural purposes, investigation of effect of treatment on compressive strength has been investigated. Neemoil (25%) integrated with copper naphthenate (0.3%) on dilution with kerosene oil impregnated into bamboo culm at 2 bar pressure, has shown weight loss of only 3.15% in soil block analysis method. The results from compressive strength analysis using HEICO Automatic Compression Testing Machine reveal that preservative treatment has not altered the structural pr...
A b s t r a c t s. Thevetia peruviana J. is a potential biofuel crop with cosmopolitan distributi... more A b s t r a c t s. Thevetia peruviana J. is a potential biofuel crop with cosmopolitan distribution and ensuring fruit-harvest almost throughout the year. Different physical properties of fruit and kernel such as, dimensions, 1000-unit mass, surface area, sphericity, bulk density, true density, aspect ratio and angle of repose has been determined for ease in designing structures and equipments for handling, transportation, storage and processing. The shell has higher moisture content than kernel and fruit. Oil content in the kernel is as high as 62.14% (w/w) while other parts of fruits bear negligible amount of oil. The frequency distribution of size and weight for fruit and kernel has been evaluated. The sphericity of kernel is 10.14% more and the surface area is 77.12% less than that of fruit. Bulk densities of fruits and kernels are 591.70 and 657.73 kg m -3 ; the corresponding true densities are 1106.68 and 942.05 kg m -3 . The porosity of fruit and kernel are 46.51% and 29.82% ...
Murraya paniculata (Linn.) Jack syn M. exotica Linn. commonly known as orange jessamine is grown ... more Murraya paniculata (Linn.) Jack syn M. exotica Linn. commonly known as orange jessamine is grown in gardens for its large clusters of fragrant flowers. Extraction of the fresh flowers with liquid CO 2 provides a floral extract in 0.64% yields. The major components in the extract ...
— Environment friendly treatment of less durable D.Strictus, bamboo species, was performed. Vario... more — Environment friendly treatment of less durable D.Strictus, bamboo species, was performed. Various locally available plant extracts and oil cakes (neem oil, cedar oil, extracts of jatropha leaves, lantana leaves and jatropha cake) were investigated using dip as well as pressure treatment methods. Retention of preservatives and antifungal durability of treated product were compared statistically. Retention level of jatropha cake was found to be the maximum. Leaching test indicated that bamboo treated with neem oil has higher retention levels than other solutions. All the extracts gave protection to bamboo species better than control. Jatropha cake, Jatropha levaes and lantana leaves are found to be effective in protecting bamboo against test fungi. Cedar oil and neem oil are also able to enhance the durability of treated product. Pressure treatment enhanced the effectiveness of these plant extracts by 3-5 times as compared to dip method. Neem oil and kerosene (1:3) in combination wi...
Indian journal of Natural products and Resources, Dec 1, 2010
Abstract: Madhuca indica JF Gmel. syn. M. latifolia Macb. commonly known as mahua is a large tree... more Abstract: Madhuca indica JF Gmel. syn. M. latifolia Macb. commonly known as mahua is a large tree found in the dry deciduous forests of India. The tree produces edible flowers and fruits during leanest season of agriculture (March-May). Collection of mahua flowers and fruits is one of the most important sources of employment for the poorest of the poor in India. The flowers are edible and rich source of sugar, protein, vitamin and minerals. Present paper reviews the earlier research on these flowers and highlights the study conducted for ...
Abstract The volatile flavor compounds of ghee were isolated using sub-critical CO2 extraction. T... more Abstract The volatile flavor compounds of ghee were isolated using sub-critical CO2 extraction. The effect of extraction pressure (3 to 8 MPa), temperature (3 to 38 °C), and time (19 to 221 min) on the extractability of flavor compounds i.e., δ-dodecalctone (C12), δ-tetradecalctone (C14), 3-ethyl-3-methyl heptane and total extraction yield as response variables were studied. The experiments were conducted using a central composite rotatable design of the independent variables. The study revealed that the pressure had a positive effect on the extractability of all three compounds. The optimized sub-critical CO2 extraction pressure, temperature and time for maximum recovery of these compounds were observed at 7 MPa, 10 °C and 66 min, respectively. The values of yields of δ-dodecalctone (C12), δ-tetradecalctone (C14), 3-ethyl-3-methyl heptane, and total extraction yield at the optimized conditions were found to be were found to be 216.54, 109.7, 64.82 ng .g−1 and 5.89% (w/w), respectively.
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