Sixty push-pull experiments were conducted in a shallow coastal plain aquifer to determine the fa... more Sixty push-pull experiments were conducted in a shallow coastal plain aquifer to determine the fate of nitrate under stimulated and in situ conditions. The experiments were conducted in 5 wells equipped with multi-level samplers (MLS's), each with 12 ports equally spaced over 3.6 m. The injections included: 1) Br, and nitrate, 2) Br, nitrate, and lactate, 3) Br, nitrate, lactate,
Toluene oxidation activity in Pseudomonas mendocina KR1 and Pseudomonas sp. strain ENVPC5 was ind... more Toluene oxidation activity in Pseudomonas mendocina KR1 and Pseudomonas sp. strain ENVPC5 was induced by trichloroethylene (TCE), and induction was followed by the degradation of TCE. Higher levels of toluene oxidation activity were achieved in the presence of a supplemental growth substrate such as glutamate, with levels of activity of up to 86% of that observed with toluene-induced cells. Activity
Perchlorate is a widespread environmental contaminant that has both anthropogenic and natural sou... more Perchlorate is a widespread environmental contaminant that has both anthropogenic and natural sources. Stable isotope ratios of O and Cl in perchlorate have been used recently to distinguish perchlorate of different origins. Isotopic ratios may also be useful for identifying the occurrence and extent of biodegradation of perchlorate in natural environments, information that is critical for assessing natural attenuation of
A stable adhesion-deficient mutant of Burkholderia cepacia G4, a soil pseudomonad, was selected i... more A stable adhesion-deficient mutant of Burkholderia cepacia G4, a soil pseudomonad, was selected in a sand column assay. This mutant (ENV435) was compared to the wild-type strain by examining the adhesion of the organisms to silica sand and their transport through two aquifer sediments that differed in their sand, silt, and clay contents. We compared the longitudinal transport of the wild type and the adhesion mutant to the transport of a conservative chloride tracer in 25-cm-long glass columns. The transport of the wild-type strain was severely retarded compared to the transport of the conservative tracer in a variety of aquifer sediments, while the adhesion mutant and the conservative tracer traveled at similar rates. An intact sediment core study produced similar results; ENV435 was transported at a faster rate and in much greater numbers than G4. The results of hydrophobic interaction chromatography revealed that G4 was significantly more hydrophobic than ENV435, and polyacrylami...
Toluene oxidation activity in Pseudomonas mendocina KR1 and Pseudomonas sp. strain ENVPC5 was ind... more Toluene oxidation activity in Pseudomonas mendocina KR1 and Pseudomonas sp. strain ENVPC5 was induced by trichloroethylene (TCE), and induction was followed by the degradation of TCE. Higher levels of toluene oxidation activity were achieved in the presence of a supplemental growth substrate such as glutamate, with levels of activity of up to 86% of that observed with toluene-induced cells. Activity in P. mendocina KR1 was also induced by cis-1,2-dichloroethylene, perchloroethylene, chloroethane, hexane, pentane, and octane, but not by trans-1,2-dichloroethylene. Toluene oxidation was not induced by TCE in Burkholderia (Pseudomonas) cepacia G4, P. putida F1, Pseudomonas sp. strain ENV110, or Pseudomonas sp. strain ENV113.
1,2-Dibromoethane (ethylene dibromide; EDB) is a probable human carcinogen that was previously us... more 1,2-Dibromoethane (ethylene dibromide; EDB) is a probable human carcinogen that was previously used as both a soil fumigant and a scavenger in leaded gasoline. EDB has been observed to persist in soils and groundwater, particularly under oxic conditions. The objective of this study was to evaluate options to enhance the aerobic degradation of EDB in groundwater, with a particular focus on possible in situ remediation strategies. Propane gas and ethane gas were observed to significantly stimulate the biodegradation of EDB in microcosms constructed with aquifer solids and groundwater from the FS-12 EDB plume at Joint Base Cape Cod (Cape Cod, MA), but only after inorganic nutrients were added. Ethene gas was also effective, but rates were appreciably slower than for ethane and propane. EDB was reduced to <0.02 μg/L, the Massachusetts state Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL), in microcosms that received ethane gas and inorganic nutrients. An enrichment culture (BE-3R) that grew on ethane or propane gas but not EDB was obtained from the site materials. The degradation of EDB by this culture was inhibited by acetylene gas, suggesting that degradation is catalyzed by a monooxygenase enzyme. The BE-3R culture was also observed to biodegrade 1,2-dichloroethane (DCA), a compound commonly used in conjunction with EDB as a lead scavenger in gasoline. The data suggest that addition of ethane or propane gas with inorganic nutrients may be a viable option to enhance degradation of EDB in groundwater aquifers to below current state or federal MCL values.
Sixty push-pull experiments were conducted in a shallow coastal plain aquifer to determine the fa... more Sixty push-pull experiments were conducted in a shallow coastal plain aquifer to determine the fate of nitrate under stimulated and in situ conditions. The experiments were conducted in 5 wells equipped with multi-level samplers (MLS's), each with 12 ports equally spaced over 3.6 m. The injections included: 1) Br, and nitrate, 2) Br, nitrate, and lactate, 3) Br, nitrate, lactate,
Sixty push-pull experiments were conducted in a shallow coastal plain aquifer to determine the fa... more Sixty push-pull experiments were conducted in a shallow coastal plain aquifer to determine the fate of nitrate under stimulated and in situ conditions. The experiments were conducted in 5 wells equipped with multi-level samplers (MLS's), each with 12 ports equally spaced over 3.6 m. The injections included: 1) Br, and nitrate, 2) Br, nitrate, and lactate, 3) Br, nitrate, lactate,
Toluene oxidation activity in Pseudomonas mendocina KR1 and Pseudomonas sp. strain ENVPC5 was ind... more Toluene oxidation activity in Pseudomonas mendocina KR1 and Pseudomonas sp. strain ENVPC5 was induced by trichloroethylene (TCE), and induction was followed by the degradation of TCE. Higher levels of toluene oxidation activity were achieved in the presence of a supplemental growth substrate such as glutamate, with levels of activity of up to 86% of that observed with toluene-induced cells. Activity
Perchlorate is a widespread environmental contaminant that has both anthropogenic and natural sou... more Perchlorate is a widespread environmental contaminant that has both anthropogenic and natural sources. Stable isotope ratios of O and Cl in perchlorate have been used recently to distinguish perchlorate of different origins. Isotopic ratios may also be useful for identifying the occurrence and extent of biodegradation of perchlorate in natural environments, information that is critical for assessing natural attenuation of
A stable adhesion-deficient mutant of Burkholderia cepacia G4, a soil pseudomonad, was selected i... more A stable adhesion-deficient mutant of Burkholderia cepacia G4, a soil pseudomonad, was selected in a sand column assay. This mutant (ENV435) was compared to the wild-type strain by examining the adhesion of the organisms to silica sand and their transport through two aquifer sediments that differed in their sand, silt, and clay contents. We compared the longitudinal transport of the wild type and the adhesion mutant to the transport of a conservative chloride tracer in 25-cm-long glass columns. The transport of the wild-type strain was severely retarded compared to the transport of the conservative tracer in a variety of aquifer sediments, while the adhesion mutant and the conservative tracer traveled at similar rates. An intact sediment core study produced similar results; ENV435 was transported at a faster rate and in much greater numbers than G4. The results of hydrophobic interaction chromatography revealed that G4 was significantly more hydrophobic than ENV435, and polyacrylami...
Toluene oxidation activity in Pseudomonas mendocina KR1 and Pseudomonas sp. strain ENVPC5 was ind... more Toluene oxidation activity in Pseudomonas mendocina KR1 and Pseudomonas sp. strain ENVPC5 was induced by trichloroethylene (TCE), and induction was followed by the degradation of TCE. Higher levels of toluene oxidation activity were achieved in the presence of a supplemental growth substrate such as glutamate, with levels of activity of up to 86% of that observed with toluene-induced cells. Activity in P. mendocina KR1 was also induced by cis-1,2-dichloroethylene, perchloroethylene, chloroethane, hexane, pentane, and octane, but not by trans-1,2-dichloroethylene. Toluene oxidation was not induced by TCE in Burkholderia (Pseudomonas) cepacia G4, P. putida F1, Pseudomonas sp. strain ENV110, or Pseudomonas sp. strain ENV113.
1,2-Dibromoethane (ethylene dibromide; EDB) is a probable human carcinogen that was previously us... more 1,2-Dibromoethane (ethylene dibromide; EDB) is a probable human carcinogen that was previously used as both a soil fumigant and a scavenger in leaded gasoline. EDB has been observed to persist in soils and groundwater, particularly under oxic conditions. The objective of this study was to evaluate options to enhance the aerobic degradation of EDB in groundwater, with a particular focus on possible in situ remediation strategies. Propane gas and ethane gas were observed to significantly stimulate the biodegradation of EDB in microcosms constructed with aquifer solids and groundwater from the FS-12 EDB plume at Joint Base Cape Cod (Cape Cod, MA), but only after inorganic nutrients were added. Ethene gas was also effective, but rates were appreciably slower than for ethane and propane. EDB was reduced to <0.02 μg/L, the Massachusetts state Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL), in microcosms that received ethane gas and inorganic nutrients. An enrichment culture (BE-3R) that grew on ethane or propane gas but not EDB was obtained from the site materials. The degradation of EDB by this culture was inhibited by acetylene gas, suggesting that degradation is catalyzed by a monooxygenase enzyme. The BE-3R culture was also observed to biodegrade 1,2-dichloroethane (DCA), a compound commonly used in conjunction with EDB as a lead scavenger in gasoline. The data suggest that addition of ethane or propane gas with inorganic nutrients may be a viable option to enhance degradation of EDB in groundwater aquifers to below current state or federal MCL values.
Sixty push-pull experiments were conducted in a shallow coastal plain aquifer to determine the fa... more Sixty push-pull experiments were conducted in a shallow coastal plain aquifer to determine the fate of nitrate under stimulated and in situ conditions. The experiments were conducted in 5 wells equipped with multi-level samplers (MLS's), each with 12 ports equally spaced over 3.6 m. The injections included: 1) Br, and nitrate, 2) Br, nitrate, and lactate, 3) Br, nitrate, lactate,
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