Journal of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, 2021
Scarcity of fresh water, forced many countries to get their water needs, or part of it, by means ... more Scarcity of fresh water, forced many countries to get their water needs, or part of it, by means of saline water desalination. Reverse osmosis (RO) systems are useful tools in this concern. In case the grid electricity is not available or costly, photovoltaic (PV) power is necessary to derive RO systems. The present paper is concerned with providing a methodology for complete sizing and design of a photovoltaic reverse osmosis (PVRO) system in Egypt. Egypt has very favorable solar energy. A computer program was constructed to solve the mathematical equations of the model to get the numerical values. The program is capable of calculating the solar irradiation for any city in Egypt. Calculations and selection of the RO system with all connected pumps, the peak PV power needed, and the actual PV area were performed for different water demands ranging from 1-100 m3/day, and various water total dissolved solids (TDSs) of 5000, 15000, and 30000 mg/l. The cost of the complete PVRO system w...
Fossil fuel consumption and harmful emissions increase led to intensive search for alternative fu... more Fossil fuel consumption and harmful emissions increase led to intensive search for alternative fuels. The present oil was extracted from Egyptian jatropha nuts by using a designed and manufactured screw press at a preheating temperature of 100°C and operational screw speed of 60 rpm. Esterification followed by transesterification produced biodiesel from jatropha oil. Heat recovery from exhaust gases at a temperature of 90°C was utilized to preheat the produced jatropha oil. Jatropha biodiesel was preheated to a temperature of 40°C. Measured properties of preheated biodiesel and jatropha oil were found to be within ASTM standards. The present research studied the performance and emissions of a diesel engine burning preheated biodiesel and bio oil compared to diesel fuel. Experimental tests were carried out from zero to full load. The results revealed that about 2% decrease in the brake specific fuel consumption and 2% increase in the brake thermal efficiency for preheated jatropha oi...
There is heavy dependence on fossil fuels for energy production. These are not only depletable bu... more There is heavy dependence on fossil fuels for energy production. These are not only depletable but also are the main cause of emissions and global warming. Renewable energy and biofuels can play significant role in this concern. This research is concerned with the efficient production of biodiesel from Jatropha seeds. We designed and operated an efficient screw press for continuous production of biodiesel. The effects of many parameters which affect the oil yield from the press were studied in order to determine the optimum operating conditions for maximum yield. The objective of this paper is to obtain the optimum speed and preheating temperature of our screw press to get improved properties of extraction oil, minimum extraction time and minimum motor power. The present screw press is specially designed on laboratory scale. The influence of different motors speeds of 20, 60, 100 and 140 rpm and preheating temperatures 50, 75, 100 and 125 °C on oil extraction yield were investigated...
International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 2018
This paper presents a methodology for studying the chemical, thermal processes and economics for ... more This paper presents a methodology for studying the chemical, thermal processes and economics for the gasification systems employed in coal fired power stations through thermodynamic analyses based on thermodynamic laws in order to gain some new aspects of the plant performance. A resourceful computer program is developed and designed to calculate all necessary design and performance data for four selected coal fired power plants for all coal ranks. Detailed manual calculations were performed for the results. Comparison of computer and manual results are in excellent agreement which indicates that the present program is an accurate quick powerful tool for all users. The main findings of this paper are that Integrated Coal Gasification Combined Power Generation Plants with CO2 recovery increase the plant's thermal efficiency and decrease the CO2 emission. The thermodynamics, hydrodynamics, and kinetics of each reaction to the gas combinations were most likely tested by each of the...
This paper presents a methodology for studying the impact of the cooling water temperature on the... more This paper presents a methodology for studying the impact of the cooling water temperature on the thermal performance of a proposed pressurized water reactor nuclear power plant (PWR NPP) through the thermodynamic analysis based on the thermodynamic laws to gain some new aspects into the plant performance. The main findings of this study are that an increase of one degree Celsius in temperature of the coolant extracted from environment is forecasted to decrease by 0.39293 and 0.16% in the power output and the thermal efficiency of the nuclear-power plant considered, respectively.
The economics of renewable energy are the largest barrier to renewable penetration. Nevertheless,... more The economics of renewable energy are the largest barrier to renewable penetration. Nevertheless, the strong desire to reduce environmental emissions is considered a great support for renewable energy sources. In this paper, a full analysis for the cost of the kWh of ...
... Research Article. The science and technology priority areas relevant to non-conventional ener... more ... Research Article. The science and technology priority areas relevant to non-conventional energy goals in Egypt. SAID MA IBRAHIM. ... How to Cite. IBRAHIM, SMA (1996), The science and technology priority areas relevant to non-conventional energy goals in Egypt. ...
A simple, efficient solar cooker was designed and its performance in the Egyptian climate was eva... more A simple, efficient solar cooker was designed and its performance in the Egyptian climate was evaluated. The cooker is of the hot box type with a plane booster mirror reflector. The performance of the cooker was measured experimentally for over 2 years under different working conditions. The test conditions include experiments with and without adjusting the cooker's position for maximum
This research deals with natural convection heat transfer from vertical heated cladded plates, wh... more This research deals with natural convection heat transfer from vertical heated cladded plates, which are symmetrically placed in proposed chimneys of variable heights in the core of a typical MTR reactor. The heated plates serve as thermal pumps for pumping fluid of a symmetrical enclosure beneath the chimney. The suggested chimneys are used for increasing the length of the vertical heated channels of the reactor core to give the chimney effect. In the thermal analysis of natural convection in channel–chimney systems, the variables that play an important role are heat flux, maximum wall temperatures and geometrical parameters such as the height of the heated channel, the channel spacing and the height and spacing of unheated extensions. A simple numerical procedure to obtain the thermal design charts, a thermal optimization of the system and an uncertainty analysis due to the thermophysical properties is presented. The present results are obtained from a real domain inside the react...
Journal of Al-Azhar University Engineering Sector, 2022
This study presents a developed steady-state thermal-hydraulic model (called the SSTHRR10 model) ... more This study presents a developed steady-state thermal-hydraulic model (called the SSTHRR10 model) for upgrading the WWR-S reactor, from its basic power of 2 MWth to a level of 10 MWth, using two different types of fuels. The SSTH-RR10 model is capable to calculate thermalhydraulic parameters. Two different fuel types were investigated: the reference fuel EK-10 rod type, and the MTR plate type. For each fuel type, the central fuel, clad, and coolant temperatures profiles for average and hot channels were predicted in the axial direction. Power distributions and pressure gradients were predicted as well. Moreover, the program calculates the safety limits and margins against the critical phenomena encountered such as the Onset of Nucleate Boiling (ONB), Departure from Nucleate Boiling (DNB), and the Onset of Flow Instability (OFI). Results of the SSTH-RR10 program for the benchmark of 2 and 10 MWth are verified by comparing it with IAEA published results, and those published for other p...
In this work, a single zone compression ignition engine cycle model is used to predict the cycle ... more In this work, a single zone compression ignition engine cycle model is used to predict the cycle performance of a diesel engine for the cases of using diesel fuel blends of 20, 40, 70, 100 %, unheated jatropha oil (J100) and preheated jatropha oil at a temperature of 90°C (PHJ90). The apparent fuel burning rate could be expressed as the sum of two components, one relating to premixed and the other to diffusion burning. A computer code for the cycle model has been prepared by MATLAB to perform numerical calculations. The effect of load variation on peak cylinder pressure, specific fuel consumption and thermal efficiency is analyzed. An experimental investigation has been carried out on a diesel engine fuelled with B20, B100, PHJ90, J100 and diesel fuels.
Journal of Al-Azhar University Engineering Sector, 2022
This study presents a developed steady-state thermal-hydraulic model (called the SSTHRR10 model) ... more This study presents a developed steady-state thermal-hydraulic model (called the SSTHRR10 model) for upgrading the WWR-S reactor, from its basic power of 2 MWth to a level of 10 MWth, using two different types of fuels. The SSTH-RR10 model is capable to calculate thermalhydraulic parameters. Two different fuel types were investigated: the reference fuel EK-10 rod type, and the MTR plate type. For each fuel type, the central fuel, clad, and coolant temperatures profiles for average and hot channels were predicted in the axial direction. Power distributions and pressure gradients were predicted as well. Moreover, the program calculates the safety limits and margins against the critical phenomena encountered such as the Onset of Nucleate Boiling (ONB), Departure from Nucleate Boiling (DNB), and the Onset of Flow Instability (OFI). Results of the SSTH-RR10 program for the benchmark of 2 and 10 MWth are verified by comparing it with IAEA published results, and those published for other p...
We present novel results obtained in the fabrication of high-aspect ratio micro-fluidic microstru... more We present novel results obtained in the fabrication of high-aspect ratio micro-fluidic microstructures chemically etched from fused silica substrates locally exposed to femtosecond laser radiation. A volume sampling method to generate three-dimensional patterns is proposed and a systematic SEM-based analysis of the microstructure is presented. The results obtained gives new insights toward a better understanding of the femtosecond laser interaction with fused silica glass (a-SiO(2)).
Journal of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, 2021
Scarcity of fresh water, forced many countries to get their water needs, or part of it, by means ... more Scarcity of fresh water, forced many countries to get their water needs, or part of it, by means of saline water desalination. Reverse osmosis (RO) systems are useful tools in this concern. In case the grid electricity is not available or costly, photovoltaic (PV) power is necessary to derive RO systems. The present paper is concerned with providing a methodology for complete sizing and design of a photovoltaic reverse osmosis (PVRO) system in Egypt. Egypt has very favorable solar energy. A computer program was constructed to solve the mathematical equations of the model to get the numerical values. The program is capable of calculating the solar irradiation for any city in Egypt. Calculations and selection of the RO system with all connected pumps, the peak PV power needed, and the actual PV area were performed for different water demands ranging from 1-100 m3/day, and various water total dissolved solids (TDSs) of 5000, 15000, and 30000 mg/l. The cost of the complete PVRO system w...
Fossil fuel consumption and harmful emissions increase led to intensive search for alternative fu... more Fossil fuel consumption and harmful emissions increase led to intensive search for alternative fuels. The present oil was extracted from Egyptian jatropha nuts by using a designed and manufactured screw press at a preheating temperature of 100°C and operational screw speed of 60 rpm. Esterification followed by transesterification produced biodiesel from jatropha oil. Heat recovery from exhaust gases at a temperature of 90°C was utilized to preheat the produced jatropha oil. Jatropha biodiesel was preheated to a temperature of 40°C. Measured properties of preheated biodiesel and jatropha oil were found to be within ASTM standards. The present research studied the performance and emissions of a diesel engine burning preheated biodiesel and bio oil compared to diesel fuel. Experimental tests were carried out from zero to full load. The results revealed that about 2% decrease in the brake specific fuel consumption and 2% increase in the brake thermal efficiency for preheated jatropha oi...
There is heavy dependence on fossil fuels for energy production. These are not only depletable bu... more There is heavy dependence on fossil fuels for energy production. These are not only depletable but also are the main cause of emissions and global warming. Renewable energy and biofuels can play significant role in this concern. This research is concerned with the efficient production of biodiesel from Jatropha seeds. We designed and operated an efficient screw press for continuous production of biodiesel. The effects of many parameters which affect the oil yield from the press were studied in order to determine the optimum operating conditions for maximum yield. The objective of this paper is to obtain the optimum speed and preheating temperature of our screw press to get improved properties of extraction oil, minimum extraction time and minimum motor power. The present screw press is specially designed on laboratory scale. The influence of different motors speeds of 20, 60, 100 and 140 rpm and preheating temperatures 50, 75, 100 and 125 °C on oil extraction yield were investigated...
International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 2018
This paper presents a methodology for studying the chemical, thermal processes and economics for ... more This paper presents a methodology for studying the chemical, thermal processes and economics for the gasification systems employed in coal fired power stations through thermodynamic analyses based on thermodynamic laws in order to gain some new aspects of the plant performance. A resourceful computer program is developed and designed to calculate all necessary design and performance data for four selected coal fired power plants for all coal ranks. Detailed manual calculations were performed for the results. Comparison of computer and manual results are in excellent agreement which indicates that the present program is an accurate quick powerful tool for all users. The main findings of this paper are that Integrated Coal Gasification Combined Power Generation Plants with CO2 recovery increase the plant's thermal efficiency and decrease the CO2 emission. The thermodynamics, hydrodynamics, and kinetics of each reaction to the gas combinations were most likely tested by each of the...
This paper presents a methodology for studying the impact of the cooling water temperature on the... more This paper presents a methodology for studying the impact of the cooling water temperature on the thermal performance of a proposed pressurized water reactor nuclear power plant (PWR NPP) through the thermodynamic analysis based on the thermodynamic laws to gain some new aspects into the plant performance. The main findings of this study are that an increase of one degree Celsius in temperature of the coolant extracted from environment is forecasted to decrease by 0.39293 and 0.16% in the power output and the thermal efficiency of the nuclear-power plant considered, respectively.
The economics of renewable energy are the largest barrier to renewable penetration. Nevertheless,... more The economics of renewable energy are the largest barrier to renewable penetration. Nevertheless, the strong desire to reduce environmental emissions is considered a great support for renewable energy sources. In this paper, a full analysis for the cost of the kWh of ...
... Research Article. The science and technology priority areas relevant to non-conventional ener... more ... Research Article. The science and technology priority areas relevant to non-conventional energy goals in Egypt. SAID MA IBRAHIM. ... How to Cite. IBRAHIM, SMA (1996), The science and technology priority areas relevant to non-conventional energy goals in Egypt. ...
A simple, efficient solar cooker was designed and its performance in the Egyptian climate was eva... more A simple, efficient solar cooker was designed and its performance in the Egyptian climate was evaluated. The cooker is of the hot box type with a plane booster mirror reflector. The performance of the cooker was measured experimentally for over 2 years under different working conditions. The test conditions include experiments with and without adjusting the cooker's position for maximum
This research deals with natural convection heat transfer from vertical heated cladded plates, wh... more This research deals with natural convection heat transfer from vertical heated cladded plates, which are symmetrically placed in proposed chimneys of variable heights in the core of a typical MTR reactor. The heated plates serve as thermal pumps for pumping fluid of a symmetrical enclosure beneath the chimney. The suggested chimneys are used for increasing the length of the vertical heated channels of the reactor core to give the chimney effect. In the thermal analysis of natural convection in channel–chimney systems, the variables that play an important role are heat flux, maximum wall temperatures and geometrical parameters such as the height of the heated channel, the channel spacing and the height and spacing of unheated extensions. A simple numerical procedure to obtain the thermal design charts, a thermal optimization of the system and an uncertainty analysis due to the thermophysical properties is presented. The present results are obtained from a real domain inside the react...
Journal of Al-Azhar University Engineering Sector, 2022
This study presents a developed steady-state thermal-hydraulic model (called the SSTHRR10 model) ... more This study presents a developed steady-state thermal-hydraulic model (called the SSTHRR10 model) for upgrading the WWR-S reactor, from its basic power of 2 MWth to a level of 10 MWth, using two different types of fuels. The SSTH-RR10 model is capable to calculate thermalhydraulic parameters. Two different fuel types were investigated: the reference fuel EK-10 rod type, and the MTR plate type. For each fuel type, the central fuel, clad, and coolant temperatures profiles for average and hot channels were predicted in the axial direction. Power distributions and pressure gradients were predicted as well. Moreover, the program calculates the safety limits and margins against the critical phenomena encountered such as the Onset of Nucleate Boiling (ONB), Departure from Nucleate Boiling (DNB), and the Onset of Flow Instability (OFI). Results of the SSTH-RR10 program for the benchmark of 2 and 10 MWth are verified by comparing it with IAEA published results, and those published for other p...
In this work, a single zone compression ignition engine cycle model is used to predict the cycle ... more In this work, a single zone compression ignition engine cycle model is used to predict the cycle performance of a diesel engine for the cases of using diesel fuel blends of 20, 40, 70, 100 %, unheated jatropha oil (J100) and preheated jatropha oil at a temperature of 90°C (PHJ90). The apparent fuel burning rate could be expressed as the sum of two components, one relating to premixed and the other to diffusion burning. A computer code for the cycle model has been prepared by MATLAB to perform numerical calculations. The effect of load variation on peak cylinder pressure, specific fuel consumption and thermal efficiency is analyzed. An experimental investigation has been carried out on a diesel engine fuelled with B20, B100, PHJ90, J100 and diesel fuels.
Journal of Al-Azhar University Engineering Sector, 2022
This study presents a developed steady-state thermal-hydraulic model (called the SSTHRR10 model) ... more This study presents a developed steady-state thermal-hydraulic model (called the SSTHRR10 model) for upgrading the WWR-S reactor, from its basic power of 2 MWth to a level of 10 MWth, using two different types of fuels. The SSTH-RR10 model is capable to calculate thermalhydraulic parameters. Two different fuel types were investigated: the reference fuel EK-10 rod type, and the MTR plate type. For each fuel type, the central fuel, clad, and coolant temperatures profiles for average and hot channels were predicted in the axial direction. Power distributions and pressure gradients were predicted as well. Moreover, the program calculates the safety limits and margins against the critical phenomena encountered such as the Onset of Nucleate Boiling (ONB), Departure from Nucleate Boiling (DNB), and the Onset of Flow Instability (OFI). Results of the SSTH-RR10 program for the benchmark of 2 and 10 MWth are verified by comparing it with IAEA published results, and those published for other p...
We present novel results obtained in the fabrication of high-aspect ratio micro-fluidic microstru... more We present novel results obtained in the fabrication of high-aspect ratio micro-fluidic microstructures chemically etched from fused silica substrates locally exposed to femtosecond laser radiation. A volume sampling method to generate three-dimensional patterns is proposed and a systematic SEM-based analysis of the microstructure is presented. The results obtained gives new insights toward a better understanding of the femtosecond laser interaction with fused silica glass (a-SiO(2)).
Uploads
Papers by Said Ali