Rainfall is the input of hydrological system. Many engineering issues i.e. flood protection, size... more Rainfall is the input of hydrological system. Many engineering issues i.e. flood protection, size of spillways, flood gates in dam etc. are affected by possible maximum flow in stream, due to the maximum rainfall intensity and distribution. Rainfall provides available water for agriculture and human consumption. Bangladesh is a land of abundant rainfall. Maximum rainfall occurs in the monsoon period from the month of June to September. Long term rainfall data have been compiled for 34 meteorological stations in our country. Certain simple entities as like " Dependable Rainfall " have baffled planner's right up to present. In simplest sense, it will ensure that the irrigation schedule is planned to make optimum use of rainfall to avoid over irrigation, water logging and salinity, which destroyed agricultural lands in the past decades through rising water tables. Because irrigation planning using mean values for rainfall is very unreliable. The planner needs to know the amount of rainfall, which can be dependable upon with a certain degree of probability. The study has demonstrated that estimation of monthly or yearly dependable rainfall is not an easy task, especially where rainfall data series are not available. The result showed that no single equation or procedure is quite adequate to describe the different climatic conditions of the world. These procedures were developed for estimating monthly and yearly dependable rainfall for yearly/monthly rainfall data series.
Tidal River Management (TRM), the indigenous knowledge based environment friendly water managemen... more Tidal River Management (TRM), the indigenous knowledge based environment friendly water management practiced in the southwestern region Bangladesh in last two decades, is not yet fully clear and even not yet properly practiced either by government agencies or private organizations to solve the water related and socioeconomic problems. In Khulna, Jessore Drainage Rehabilitation Project (KJDRP) since 1997, TRM was applied in both planned way and unplanned way. Good findings demands proper planning, design and implementation modalities for successful TRM application. This paper emphasizes on appropriate planning,design requirement and implementation modalities ensuring people's participation and their role in operation and maintenance and discusses impacts of TRM application. TRM is considered as an effective mid-term solution but could be long term solution applying multiple TRM in cyclic process. The practiced TRM applications have gaps as new beel is not being prepared for operation before closing ongoing TRM. This created unexpected hazards in the morphologically dynamic delta. Other gaps regarding proper planning, design and implementation, act as barrier in obtaining optimum results. Sometimes it causes damage to people's wealth and increases sufferings. Improper functioning of tidal river system degrades environmental situation,forced migration and increases poverty in coastal livelihood. A dedicated social platform is to be built before application of TRM in any beel for sustainable long term solution for managing water related disasters in coastal delta.
Bangladesh, the lower riparian country of the South Asia sub-continent located at the confluence ... more Bangladesh, the lower riparian country of the South Asia sub-continent located at the confluence of three largest rivers i.e. the Ganges, the Brahmaputra and the Meghna. About 93 % of the combined river basin areas lies outside of the country. These rivers originates from the upland countries and travels a long distance and falls into the Bay of Bengal. The flow of 57 trans-boundary plays vital role in managing ecosystem and improving socioeconomic condition. The southwestern coastal ecosystem and complex hydro-morphological rivers dynamics are highly dependent on upstream freshwater flow. The continuous low flow of Ganges and its distributaries are threatening the coastal ecosystem resulting drought, drainage congestion, prolonged waterlogging, excessive sedimentation, salinity intrusion and river dying due to unplanned human interventions like Farakka Barrage and coastal polders. These interventions created an ecological imbalance impacting human communities and surrounding environment. Waterlogging, high salinity ingress, and water scarcity worsening the socioeconomic condition results high rate of people migration. Government of Bangladesh conducted feasibility studies for the proposed project to eliminate problems and consequences through improving eco-system's performances, rivers functions and creating an artificial large water reservoir for water security during dry season. This project will benefit one third area of the country in agrarian, navigation and fisheries sectors, act as a milestone sustainable, climate resilient and eco-friendly water management project for coastal Bangladesh. Keywords: Sustainable delta management, climate resilient and eco-friendly, ecosystem performance and river revival, multidimensional solutions, migration and socioeconomic conditions
The present study aimed to assess the socio economic status of fishermen of the Padma River in Ch... more The present study aimed to assess the socio economic status of fishermen of the Padma River in Chapai Nawabganj district during January to July, 2016 through questionnaire survey method. The socio economic status of fishermen were studied in points of age structure, family size, educational status, daily income, subsidiary occupation, land ownership, housing pattern, sanitation, religion, training about fishing or other related matter. 36% fishermen were belonged to the age groups of 21-30 years where 25% in the age group of 31-40, 25% in 41-50, 9% in below 20 and the lowest 5% in above 50 age groups. Most of the fishermen are Muslim (96%).The family size of 72 % fishing community is consisted of 4-6 members. About 32% of the fishermen were only could write name while 12%, 49% and 7% of the fishermen were illiterate, primary and secondary level of education respectively. About 50% fishermen earn Tk. 200-300 per day during peak harvesting period but 54% fishermen were involved to subsidiary occupation in off season. Majority (70%) of the fishermen had <50 decimal lands, while 21% had >100 decimal lands and 9% were landless. Rather than fishing at present they are more interested in rearing domestic cow and mango business by taking loan facilities from NGOs at Chapai Nawabganj, Bangladesh.
Rainfall is the input of hydrological system. Many engineering issues i.e. flood protection, size... more Rainfall is the input of hydrological system. Many engineering issues i.e. flood protection, size of spillways, flood gates in dam etc. are affected by possible maximum flow in stream, due to the maximum rainfall intensity and distribution. Rainfall provides available water for agriculture and human consumption. Bangladesh is a land of abundant rainfall. Maximum rainfall occurs in the monsoon period from the month of June to September. Long term rainfall data have been compiled for 34 meteorological stations in our country. Certain simple entities as like " Dependable Rainfall " have baffled planner's right up to present. In simplest sense, it will ensure that the irrigation schedule is planned to make optimum use of rainfall to avoid over irrigation, water logging and salinity, which destroyed agricultural lands in the past decades through rising water tables. Because irrigation planning using mean values for rainfall is very unreliable. The planner needs to know the amount of rainfall, which can be dependable upon with a certain degree of probability. The study has demonstrated that estimation of monthly or yearly dependable rainfall is not an easy task, especially where rainfall data series are not available. The result showed that no single equation or procedure is quite adequate to describe the different climatic conditions of the world. These procedures were developed for estimating monthly and yearly dependable rainfall for yearly/monthly rainfall data series.
Tidal River Management (TRM), the indigenous knowledge based environment friendly water managemen... more Tidal River Management (TRM), the indigenous knowledge based environment friendly water management practiced in the southwestern region Bangladesh in last two decades, is not yet fully clear and even not yet properly practiced either by government agencies or private organizations to solve the water related and socioeconomic problems. In Khulna, Jessore Drainage Rehabilitation Project (KJDRP) since 1997, TRM was applied in both planned way and unplanned way. Good findings demands proper planning, design and implementation modalities for successful TRM application. This paper emphasizes on appropriate planning,design requirement and implementation modalities ensuring people's participation and their role in operation and maintenance and discusses impacts of TRM application. TRM is considered as an effective mid-term solution but could be long term solution applying multiple TRM in cyclic process. The practiced TRM applications have gaps as new beel is not being prepared for operation before closing ongoing TRM. This created unexpected hazards in the morphologically dynamic delta. Other gaps regarding proper planning, design and implementation, act as barrier in obtaining optimum results. Sometimes it causes damage to people's wealth and increases sufferings. Improper functioning of tidal river system degrades environmental situation,forced migration and increases poverty in coastal livelihood. A dedicated social platform is to be built before application of TRM in any beel for sustainable long term solution for managing water related disasters in coastal delta.
Bangladesh, the lower riparian country of the South Asia sub-continent located at the confluence ... more Bangladesh, the lower riparian country of the South Asia sub-continent located at the confluence of three largest rivers i.e. the Ganges, the Brahmaputra and the Meghna. About 93 % of the combined river basin areas lies outside of the country. These rivers originates from the upland countries and travels a long distance and falls into the Bay of Bengal. The flow of 57 trans-boundary plays vital role in managing ecosystem and improving socioeconomic condition. The southwestern coastal ecosystem and complex hydro-morphological rivers dynamics are highly dependent on upstream freshwater flow. The continuous low flow of Ganges and its distributaries are threatening the coastal ecosystem resulting drought, drainage congestion, prolonged waterlogging, excessive sedimentation, salinity intrusion and river dying due to unplanned human interventions like Farakka Barrage and coastal polders. These interventions created an ecological imbalance impacting human communities and surrounding environment. Waterlogging, high salinity ingress, and water scarcity worsening the socioeconomic condition results high rate of people migration. Government of Bangladesh conducted feasibility studies for the proposed project to eliminate problems and consequences through improving eco-system's performances, rivers functions and creating an artificial large water reservoir for water security during dry season. This project will benefit one third area of the country in agrarian, navigation and fisheries sectors, act as a milestone sustainable, climate resilient and eco-friendly water management project for coastal Bangladesh. Keywords: Sustainable delta management, climate resilient and eco-friendly, ecosystem performance and river revival, multidimensional solutions, migration and socioeconomic conditions
The present study aimed to assess the socio economic status of fishermen of the Padma River in Ch... more The present study aimed to assess the socio economic status of fishermen of the Padma River in Chapai Nawabganj district during January to July, 2016 through questionnaire survey method. The socio economic status of fishermen were studied in points of age structure, family size, educational status, daily income, subsidiary occupation, land ownership, housing pattern, sanitation, religion, training about fishing or other related matter. 36% fishermen were belonged to the age groups of 21-30 years where 25% in the age group of 31-40, 25% in 41-50, 9% in below 20 and the lowest 5% in above 50 age groups. Most of the fishermen are Muslim (96%).The family size of 72 % fishing community is consisted of 4-6 members. About 32% of the fishermen were only could write name while 12%, 49% and 7% of the fishermen were illiterate, primary and secondary level of education respectively. About 50% fishermen earn Tk. 200-300 per day during peak harvesting period but 54% fishermen were involved to subsidiary occupation in off season. Majority (70%) of the fishermen had <50 decimal lands, while 21% had >100 decimal lands and 9% were landless. Rather than fishing at present they are more interested in rearing domestic cow and mango business by taking loan facilities from NGOs at Chapai Nawabganj, Bangladesh.
Uploads
Papers by Sakib Mahmud