The objective of this project is to demonstrate the preliminary technical and economic feasibilit... more The objective of this project is to demonstrate the preliminary technical and economic feasibility of a novel carbon-based process for removal of at least 95% S0[sub 2] and at least 75 % NO[sub x], from coal combustion flue gas. In the process, flue gas leaving the electrostatic precipitator (ESP) is passed through a trickle bed of activated carbon catalyst employing a periodic flush of low strength sulfuric acid. The S0[sub 2] is oxidized to S0[sub 3] and removed as medium strength sulfuric acid. The S0[sub 2]-free flue gas is then mixed with NH[sub 3], and the NO[sub x] in the gas is subjected to selective catalytic reduction (SCR) to N[sub 2] over a fixed bed of activated carbon catalyst. In the previous four quarters, a detailed project management plan was prepared describing the experimental setup, work plan, and test plan. The experimental system was completed for SO[sub 2] conversion at Waterloo and for NO[sub x] conversion at Research Triangle Institute. Shakedown experiments were completed. The NO[sub x] removal performance of two additional modified carbon catalysts (MCCII and MCCIII) was studied. MCCII showed NO[sub 2] removal efficiency which was similar to that observed for MCCI. However, MCCIII was considerably less active for NO[sub x] removal. In the present quarter, further tests of MCCI were performed for SO[sub 2] removal with NO in the feed gas, except the reactor was operated at 130[degrees]C (instead of 80[degrees]C during previous tests). Tests were also performed with MCCII for NO removal with nominally 100 ppm SO[sub 2] in the feed gas.
Highly durable and chemically reactive zinc titanate materials are prepared in a particle size ra... more Highly durable and chemically reactive zinc titanate materials are prepared in a particle size range of 50 to 400 .mu.m suitable for a fluidized-bed reactor for removing reduced sulfur species in a gaseous form by granulating a mixture of fine zinc oxide and titanium oxide with inorganic and organic binders and by optional additions of small amounts of activators such
Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGSCC) and gasifier/molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) pow... more Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGSCC) and gasifier/molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) power plants employing hot-gas cleanup are two of the most promising advanced technologies for producing electric power from coal. A key component of these plants is a hot-gas desulfurization system employing regenerable sorbents capable of removing sulfur-bearing species from coal gasifier gas down to a few parts per million
The report gives results of an evaluation of relative environmental hazards from a laboratory-sca... more The report gives results of an evaluation of relative environmental hazards from a laboratory-scale coal gasifier. Detailed chemical analyses of four effluent streams (gas, aqueous condensate, tar, and ash) were performed for more than 30 gasification runs on a variety of coals, from lignite to bituminous. It briefly describes the gasification reactor, the associated sampling and analysis system, problems encountered
... gas desulfurization of the coal-de-rived gas is the most promising advanced technology for ..... more ... gas desulfurization of the coal-de-rived gas is the most promising advanced technology for ... CO) are measured every 25 min with the Carle-TCD to evaluate mass balance. ... sorbent was manufactured to demonstrate the commercial viability of the proposed manufacturing method ...
The objective of this study is to determine the feasibility of manufacturing highly reactive and ... more The objective of this study is to determine the feasibility of manufacturing highly reactive and attrition-resistant zinc titanate sorbents by spray drying, suitable for bubbling (conventional) as well as transport-type fluidized-bed reactor systems.
The objectives of this project are to identify and demonstrate methods for enhancing long-term ch... more The objectives of this project are to identify and demonstrate methods for enhancing long-term chemical reactivity and attrition resistance of zinc oxide-based mixed metal-oxide sorbents for desulfurization of hot coal-derived gases in a high-temperature, high-pressure (HTHP) fluidized-bed reactor. Specific objectives of this study are the following: {sm_bullet} Investigating various manufacturing methods to produce fluidizable zinc ferrite and zinc titanate sorbents
A brief review of the basic aspects of catalysed coal char gasification is presented. Kinetics an... more A brief review of the basic aspects of catalysed coal char gasification is presented. Kinetics and mechanisms of catalysed and uncatalysed gasification reactions of coal char with steam, carbon dioxide and hydrogen are discussed. Mass transport effects and internal structure of coals are shown to be important in determining rates of these reactions. The importance of the type of catalyst used is also discussed. Such factors as catalyst cations and anions, the method by which the catalyst is contacted with the coal char, and physical and chemical states of the catalyst both prior to and during reaction are shown to be important in the gasification process. Finally, research instruments and equipment used recently for studies in catalysed gasification are reviewed. These include various types of reactor systems for following the course of these reactions and analytical instruments for assessing the physical and/or chemical state of the catalysts and/or coal char both prior to and during the gasification reactions.
The objective of this project is to demonstrate the preliminary technical and economic feasibilit... more The objective of this project is to demonstrate the preliminary technical and economic feasibility of a novel carbon-based process for removal of at least 95% S0[sub 2] and at least 75 % NO[sub x], from coal combustion flue gas. In the process, flue gas leaving the electrostatic precipitator (ESP) is passed through a trickle bed of activated carbon catalyst employing a periodic flush of low strength sulfuric acid. The S0[sub 2] is oxidized to S0[sub 3] and removed as medium strength sulfuric acid. The S0[sub 2]-free flue gas is then mixed with NH[sub 3], and the NO[sub x] in the gas is subjected to selective catalytic reduction (SCR) to N[sub 2] over a fixed bed of activated carbon catalyst. In the previous four quarters, a detailed project management plan was prepared describing the experimental setup, work plan, and test plan. The experimental system was completed for SO[sub 2] conversion at Waterloo and for NO[sub x] conversion at Research Triangle Institute. Shakedown experiments were completed. The NO[sub x] removal performance of two additional modified carbon catalysts (MCCII and MCCIII) was studied. MCCII showed NO[sub 2] removal efficiency which was similar to that observed for MCCI. However, MCCIII was considerably less active for NO[sub x] removal. In the present quarter, further tests of MCCI were performed for SO[sub 2] removal with NO in the feed gas, except the reactor was operated at 130[degrees]C (instead of 80[degrees]C during previous tests). Tests were also performed with MCCII for NO removal with nominally 100 ppm SO[sub 2] in the feed gas.
Highly durable and chemically reactive zinc titanate materials are prepared in a particle size ra... more Highly durable and chemically reactive zinc titanate materials are prepared in a particle size range of 50 to 400 .mu.m suitable for a fluidized-bed reactor for removing reduced sulfur species in a gaseous form by granulating a mixture of fine zinc oxide and titanium oxide with inorganic and organic binders and by optional additions of small amounts of activators such
Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGSCC) and gasifier/molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) pow... more Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGSCC) and gasifier/molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) power plants employing hot-gas cleanup are two of the most promising advanced technologies for producing electric power from coal. A key component of these plants is a hot-gas desulfurization system employing regenerable sorbents capable of removing sulfur-bearing species from coal gasifier gas down to a few parts per million
The report gives results of an evaluation of relative environmental hazards from a laboratory-sca... more The report gives results of an evaluation of relative environmental hazards from a laboratory-scale coal gasifier. Detailed chemical analyses of four effluent streams (gas, aqueous condensate, tar, and ash) were performed for more than 30 gasification runs on a variety of coals, from lignite to bituminous. It briefly describes the gasification reactor, the associated sampling and analysis system, problems encountered
... gas desulfurization of the coal-de-rived gas is the most promising advanced technology for ..... more ... gas desulfurization of the coal-de-rived gas is the most promising advanced technology for ... CO) are measured every 25 min with the Carle-TCD to evaluate mass balance. ... sorbent was manufactured to demonstrate the commercial viability of the proposed manufacturing method ...
The objective of this study is to determine the feasibility of manufacturing highly reactive and ... more The objective of this study is to determine the feasibility of manufacturing highly reactive and attrition-resistant zinc titanate sorbents by spray drying, suitable for bubbling (conventional) as well as transport-type fluidized-bed reactor systems.
The objectives of this project are to identify and demonstrate methods for enhancing long-term ch... more The objectives of this project are to identify and demonstrate methods for enhancing long-term chemical reactivity and attrition resistance of zinc oxide-based mixed metal-oxide sorbents for desulfurization of hot coal-derived gases in a high-temperature, high-pressure (HTHP) fluidized-bed reactor. Specific objectives of this study are the following: {sm_bullet} Investigating various manufacturing methods to produce fluidizable zinc ferrite and zinc titanate sorbents
A brief review of the basic aspects of catalysed coal char gasification is presented. Kinetics an... more A brief review of the basic aspects of catalysed coal char gasification is presented. Kinetics and mechanisms of catalysed and uncatalysed gasification reactions of coal char with steam, carbon dioxide and hydrogen are discussed. Mass transport effects and internal structure of coals are shown to be important in determining rates of these reactions. The importance of the type of catalyst used is also discussed. Such factors as catalyst cations and anions, the method by which the catalyst is contacted with the coal char, and physical and chemical states of the catalyst both prior to and during reaction are shown to be important in the gasification process. Finally, research instruments and equipment used recently for studies in catalysed gasification are reviewed. These include various types of reactor systems for following the course of these reactions and analytical instruments for assessing the physical and/or chemical state of the catalysts and/or coal char both prior to and during the gasification reactions.
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Papers by Santosh Gangwal