Masters in Physics, M.Sc, Physics from University of Peshawar, Pakistan. Working as Director, Meteorological training institute, Pakistan Meteorological Services. Worked as aviation, marine and public weather forecaster.
Pakistan experiences distinctively large rainfall variability on spatial as well as temporal scal... more Pakistan experiences distinctively large rainfall variability on spatial as well as temporal scales. On spatial scale the rainfall variability is mainly caused by its peculiar topographic features encompassing from south to north of the country. On the other hand the temporal rainfall variability sometimes exceptionally large, does affect the climate of the country that in turn impacts the climate-dependent sectors like agriculture, hydroelectric power generation and ecology. In this study the 30-year winter season (December-March, DJFM) rainfall data of 35 meteorological sites of Pakistan have been analysed to identify the anomalous wet and dry years, their potential impact on crop yields across Pakistan and vulnerability of climate. The National Centre for Environmental Prediction (NCEP), US reanalysis data are used to investigate the association of the surface and upper air atmospheric circulation features responsible for anomalous wetness and dryness. This study may prove of some help for an improved winter rainfall prediction tool and better management of available water resources viz-a-viz optimal crop yields production.
Pakistan is the only country in the world to have a unique range of altitudes from sea level to t... more Pakistan is the only country in the world to have a unique range of altitudes from sea level to the second highest mountain peak of the world. This distinct characteristic gives it large variation in climate across its different areas, like huge temperature difference and large spatial rainfall distribution. These largely contrasting variations in temperature and precipitation can best be depicted by making some well-defined classifications of climate parameters and their spatial distribution across Pakistan. In this paper, we produced climate maps of Pakistan by using the 30-year monthly normal area-weighted precipitation and temperature data set of 59 meteorological sites well spread across Pakistan using the Geographic Information System (GIS). We calculated the climate variables used in Köppen-Geiger system at each of 59 meteorological stations. The result shows three principal climates classes i.e. B, C and D with their further subclasses across Pakistan. We regionalized the climate of Pakistan based on spatial proximity principals and developed a sub-regional map of climate zones of Pakistan.
In this paper the dynamics and mechanism of monsoon -one of the most spectacular events of nature... more In this paper the dynamics and mechanism of monsoon -one of the most spectacular events of nature- have been discussed by investigating the features and components (some being permanent and the other non-permanent) of the monsoon like heat low, Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), ENSO (El Nino/ Southern Oscillation), high pressure area over Indian Ocean (IOHP), Tibetan anticyclone over Himalayas at 200 hPa, northward shifting of westerly Sub- tropical Jet (STJ), Tropical easterly Jet (TEJ), Offshore vortices and Low-level Jet (LLJ). Applying all these features a comparative study of good-monsoon year (2003) and bad monsoon year (2002) over Pakistan has been made to testify the impact of these features. Also the coupling between westerly systems passing through Northern Pakistan and monsoon current has been determined in the light of research work carried out by a number of learned Meteorologists and weather experts.
Pakistan experiences distinctively large rainfall variability on spatial as well as temporal scal... more Pakistan experiences distinctively large rainfall variability on spatial as well as temporal scales. On spatial scale the rainfall variability is mainly caused by its peculiar topographic features encompassing from south to north of the country. On the other hand the temporal rainfall variability sometimes exceptionally large, does affect the climate of the country that in turn impacts the climate-dependent sectors like agriculture, hydroelectric power generation and ecology. In this study the 30-year winter season (December-March, DJFM) rainfall data of 35 meteorological sites of Pakistan have been analysed to identify the anomalous wet and dry years, their potential impact on crop yields across Pakistan and vulnerability of climate. The National Centre for Environmental Prediction (NCEP), US reanalysis data are used to investigate the association of the surface and upper air atmospheric circulation features responsible for anomalous wetness and dryness. This study may prove of some help for an improved winter rainfall prediction tool and better management of available water resources viz-a-viz optimal crop yields production.
Pakistan is the only country in the world to have a unique range of altitudes from sea level to t... more Pakistan is the only country in the world to have a unique range of altitudes from sea level to the second highest mountain peak of the world. This distinct characteristic gives it large variation in climate across its different areas, like huge temperature difference and large spatial rainfall distribution. These largely contrasting variations in temperature and precipitation can best be depicted by making some well-defined classifications of climate parameters and their spatial distribution across Pakistan. In this paper, we produced climate maps of Pakistan by using the 30-year monthly normal area-weighted precipitation and temperature data set of 59 meteorological sites well spread across Pakistan using the Geographic Information System (GIS). We calculated the climate variables used in Köppen-Geiger system at each of 59 meteorological stations. The result shows three principal climates classes i.e. B, C and D with their further subclasses across Pakistan. We regionalized the climate of Pakistan based on spatial proximity principals and developed a sub-regional map of climate zones of Pakistan.
In this paper the dynamics and mechanism of monsoon -one of the most spectacular events of nature... more In this paper the dynamics and mechanism of monsoon -one of the most spectacular events of nature- have been discussed by investigating the features and components (some being permanent and the other non-permanent) of the monsoon like heat low, Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), ENSO (El Nino/ Southern Oscillation), high pressure area over Indian Ocean (IOHP), Tibetan anticyclone over Himalayas at 200 hPa, northward shifting of westerly Sub- tropical Jet (STJ), Tropical easterly Jet (TEJ), Offshore vortices and Low-level Jet (LLJ). Applying all these features a comparative study of good-monsoon year (2003) and bad monsoon year (2002) over Pakistan has been made to testify the impact of these features. Also the coupling between westerly systems passing through Northern Pakistan and monsoon current has been determined in the light of research work carried out by a number of learned Meteorologists and weather experts.
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contrasting variations in temperature and precipitation can best be depicted by making some well-defined classifications of climate parameters and their spatial distribution across Pakistan. In this paper, we produced climate maps of Pakistan by using the 30-year monthly normal area-weighted precipitation and temperature data set of 59 meteorological sites well spread across Pakistan using the Geographic Information System (GIS).
We calculated the climate variables used in Köppen-Geiger system at each of 59 meteorological stations. The
result shows three principal climates classes i.e. B, C and D with their further subclasses across Pakistan. We
regionalized the climate of Pakistan based on spatial proximity principals and developed a sub-regional map
of climate zones of Pakistan.
Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), ENSO (El Nino/ Southern Oscillation), high pressure area over Indian Ocean (IOHP), Tibetan anticyclone over Himalayas at 200 hPa, northward shifting of westerly Sub- tropical Jet (STJ), Tropical easterly Jet (TEJ), Offshore vortices and Low-level Jet (LLJ).
Applying all these features a comparative study of good-monsoon year (2003) and bad monsoon year (2002) over Pakistan has been made to testify the impact of these features. Also the coupling between westerly systems passing through Northern Pakistan and monsoon current has been determined in the light of research work carried out by a number of learned Meteorologists and weather experts.
contrasting variations in temperature and precipitation can best be depicted by making some well-defined classifications of climate parameters and their spatial distribution across Pakistan. In this paper, we produced climate maps of Pakistan by using the 30-year monthly normal area-weighted precipitation and temperature data set of 59 meteorological sites well spread across Pakistan using the Geographic Information System (GIS).
We calculated the climate variables used in Köppen-Geiger system at each of 59 meteorological stations. The
result shows three principal climates classes i.e. B, C and D with their further subclasses across Pakistan. We
regionalized the climate of Pakistan based on spatial proximity principals and developed a sub-regional map
of climate zones of Pakistan.
Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), ENSO (El Nino/ Southern Oscillation), high pressure area over Indian Ocean (IOHP), Tibetan anticyclone over Himalayas at 200 hPa, northward shifting of westerly Sub- tropical Jet (STJ), Tropical easterly Jet (TEJ), Offshore vortices and Low-level Jet (LLJ).
Applying all these features a comparative study of good-monsoon year (2003) and bad monsoon year (2002) over Pakistan has been made to testify the impact of these features. Also the coupling between westerly systems passing through Northern Pakistan and monsoon current has been determined in the light of research work carried out by a number of learned Meteorologists and weather experts.