The ability of a recent isolate, Tetraselmis sp. CTP4, for nutrient removal from sewage effluents... more The ability of a recent isolate, Tetraselmis sp. CTP4, for nutrient removal from sewage effluents before and after the nitrification process under batch and continuous cultivation was studied. Biomass productivities in both wastewaters were similar under continuous conditions (0.343 ± 0.053 g L−1 d−1) and nutrient uptake rates were maximal 31.4 ± 0.4 mg N L−1 d−1 and 6.66 ± 1.57 mg P-PO43− L−1 d−1 in WW before nitrification when cultivated in batch. Among batch treatments, cellular protein, carbohydrate and lipid levels shifted with aging cultures from 71.7 ± 6.3 to 29.2 ± 1.2%, 17.4 ± 7.2 to 57.2 ± 3.9% and 10.9 ± 1.7 to 13.7 ± 4.7%, respectively. In contrast, CTP4 cultivated continuously in Algal medium (control) showed lower biomass productivities (0.282 g VSS L−1 d−1) although improved lipid content (up to 20% lipids) in batch cultivation. Overall, Tetraselmis sp. CTP4 is promising for WW treatment as a replacement of the costly nitrification process, fixating more nutrients and providing a protein and carbohydrate-rich biomass as by-product.
Flashing lights are next-generation tools to mitigate light attenuation and increase the photosyn... more Flashing lights are next-generation tools to mitigate light attenuation and increase the photosynthetic efficiency of microalgal cultivation systems illuminated by light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Optimal flashing light conditions depend on the reaction kinetics and properties of the linear electron transfer chain, energy dissipation, and storage mechanisms of a phototroph. In particular, extremely short and intense light flashes potentially mitigate light attenuation in photobioreactors without impairing photosynthesis. Intelligently controlling flashing light units and selecting electronic components can maximize light emission and energy efficiency. We discuss the biological, physical, and technical properties of flashing lights for algal production. We combine recent findings about photosynthetic pathways, self-shading in photobioreactors, and developments in solid-state technology towards the biotechnological application of LEDs to microalgal production.
Flashing lights are next-generation tools to mitigate light attenuation and increase the photosyn... more Flashing lights are next-generation tools to mitigate light attenuation and increase the photosynthetic efficiency of microalgal cultivation systems illuminated by light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Optimal flashing light conditions depend on the reaction kinetics and properties of the linear electron transfer chain, energy dissipation, and storage mechanisms of a phototroph. In particular, extremely short and intense light flashes potentially mitigate light attenuation in photobioreactors without impairing photosynthesis. Intelligently controlling flashing light units and selecting electronic components can maximize light emission and energy efficiency. We discuss the biological, physical, and technical properties of flashing lights for algal production. We combine recent findings about photosynthetic pathways, self-shading in photobioreactors, and developments in solid-state technology towards the biotechnological application of LEDs to microalgal production.
Biochemical components obtained by microalgal biomass can be induced by specific wavelengths and ... more Biochemical components obtained by microalgal biomass can be induced by specific wavelengths and processed to high value food/feed supplements or pharma-and nutraceuticals. Two biotechnologically relevant microalgae, Nannochloropsis oculata and Tetraselmis chuii, were exposed to non-tailored LEDs light sources emitting either mono-or multichromatic light with low red but significant blue (b450 nm) photon content, or tailored light sources with high blue or high red photon emissions: fluorescent light (FL), di-or multichromatic LED mixes. Growth of N. oculata and T. chuii under tailored light resulted in a ≈ 24% increase of the average biomass productivity as compared to cultures lit by non-tailored light sources. FL induced the highest C:N ratios in both algae (N. oculata: 7.91 ± 0.09 and T. chuii: 11.29 ± 0.03), highest total lipid (48.37 ± 1.07%) in N. oculata and carbohydrate (55.31 ± 1.02%) in T. chuii biomass. Among non-tailored light sources, monochromatic LEDs with emission peaks 465, 630 and 660 nm induced a ≈ 29% increase of carbohydrates and a ≈ 20% decrease of protein levels as compared to LEDs peaking at 405 nm and cool-and warm white LEDs. In conclusion, as FL have low photon conversion efficiencies (PCE), particularly within the red wavelength range, LEDs emitting at the 390–450 and 630– 690 nm wavebands should be combined for optimal carbon fixation, nitrogen and phosphate uptake.
Flashing lights are next-generation tools to mitigate light attenuation and increase the photosyn... more Flashing lights are next-generation tools to mitigate light attenuation and increase the photosynthetic efficiency of microalgal cultivation systems illuminated by light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Optimal flashing light conditions depend on the reaction kinetics and properties of the linear electron transfer chain, energy dissipation, and storage mechanisms of a phototroph. In particular, extremely short and intense light flashes potentially mitigate light attenuation in photobioreactors without impairing photosynthesis. Intelligently controlling flashing light units and selecting electronic components can maximize light emission and energy efficiency. We discuss the biological, physical, and technical properties of flashing lights for algal production. We combine recent findings about photosynthetic pathways, self-shading in photobioreactors, and developments in solid-state technology towards the biotechnological application of LEDs to microalgal production.
Biochemical components obtained by microalgal biomass can be induced by specific wavelengths and ... more Biochemical components obtained by microalgal biomass can be induced by specific wavelengths and processed to high value food/feed supplements or pharma-and nutraceuticals. Two biotechnologically relevant microalgae, Nannochloropsis oculata and Tetraselmis chuii, were exposed to non-tailored LEDs light sources emitting either mono-or multichromatic light with low red but significant blue (b450 nm) photon content, or tailored light sources with high blue or high red photon emissions: fluorescent light (FL), di-or multichromatic LED mixes. Growth of N. oculata and T. chuii under tailored light resulted in a ≈ 24% increase of the average biomass productivity as compared to cultures lit by non-tailored light sources. FL induced the highest C:N ratios in both algae (N. oculata: 7.91 ± 0.09 and T. chuii: 11.29 ± 0.03), highest total lipid (48.37 ± 1.07%) in N. oculata and carbohydrate (55.31 ± 1.02%) in T. chuii biomass. Among non-tailored light sources, monochromatic LEDs with emission peaks 465, 630 and 660 nm induced a ≈ 29% increase of carbohydrates and a ≈ 20% decrease of protein levels as compared to LEDs peaking at 405 nm and cool-and warm white LEDs. In conclusion, as FL have low photon conversion efficiencies (PCE), particularly within the red wavelength range, LEDs emitting at the 390–450 and 630– 690 nm wavebands should be combined for optimal carbon fixation, nitrogen and phosphate uptake.
Biochemical components obtained by microalgal biomass can be induced by specific wavelengths and ... more Biochemical components obtained by microalgal biomass can be induced by specific wavelengths and processed to high value food/feed supplements or pharma-and nutraceuticals. Two biotechnologically relevant microalgae, Nannochloropsis oculata and Tetraselmis chuii, were exposed to non-tailored LEDs light sources emitting either mono-or multichromatic light with low red but significant blue (b450 nm) photon content, or tailored light sources with high blue or high red photon emissions: fluorescent light (FL), di-or multichromatic LED mixes. Growth of N. oculata and T. chuii under tailored light resulted in a ≈ 24% increase of the average biomass productivity as compared to cultures lit by non-tailored light sources. FL induced the highest C:N ratios in both algae (N. oculata: 7.91 ± 0.09 and T. chuii: 11.29 ± 0.03), highest total lipid (48.37 ± 1.07%) in N. oculata and carbohydrate (55.31 ± 1.02%) in T. chuii biomass. Among non-tailored light sources, monochromatic LEDs with emission peaks 465, 630 and 660 nm induced a ≈ 29% increase of carbohydrates and a ≈ 20% decrease of protein levels as compared to LEDs peaking at 405 nm and cool-and warm white LEDs. In conclusion, as FL have low photon conversion efficiencies (PCE), particularly within the red wavelength range, LEDs emitting at the 390–450 and 630– 690 nm wavebands should be combined for optimal carbon fixation, nitrogen and phosphate uptake.
Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) will become one of the world's most important light sources and ... more Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) will become one of the world's most important light sources and their integration in microalgal production systems (photobioreactors) needs to be considered. LEDs can improve the quality and quantity of microalgal biomass when applied during specific growth phases. However, microalgae need a balanced mix of wavelengths for normal growth, and respond to light differently according to the pigments acquired or lost during their evolutionary history. This review highlights recently published results on the effect of LEDs on microalgal physiology and biochemistry and how this knowledge can be applied in selecting different LEDs with specific technical properties for regulating biomass production by microalgae belonging to diverse taxonomic groups.
The ability of a recent isolate, Tetraselmis sp. CTP4, for nutrient removal from sewage effluents... more The ability of a recent isolate, Tetraselmis sp. CTP4, for nutrient removal from sewage effluents before and after the nitrification process under batch and continuous cultivation was studied. Biomass productivities in both wastewaters were similar under continuous conditions (0.343 ± 0.053 g L−1 d−1) and nutrient uptake rates were maximal 31.4 ± 0.4 mg N L−1 d−1 and 6.66 ± 1.57 mg P-PO43− L−1 d−1 in WW before nitrification when cultivated in batch. Among batch treatments, cellular protein, carbohydrate and lipid levels shifted with aging cultures from 71.7 ± 6.3 to 29.2 ± 1.2%, 17.4 ± 7.2 to 57.2 ± 3.9% and 10.9 ± 1.7 to 13.7 ± 4.7%, respectively. In contrast, CTP4 cultivated continuously in Algal medium (control) showed lower biomass productivities (0.282 g VSS L−1 d−1) although improved lipid content (up to 20% lipids) in batch cultivation. Overall, Tetraselmis sp. CTP4 is promising for WW treatment as a replacement of the costly nitrification process, fixating more nutrients and providing a protein and carbohydrate-rich biomass as by-product.
Flashing lights are next-generation tools to mitigate light attenuation and increase the photosyn... more Flashing lights are next-generation tools to mitigate light attenuation and increase the photosynthetic efficiency of microalgal cultivation systems illuminated by light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Optimal flashing light conditions depend on the reaction kinetics and properties of the linear electron transfer chain, energy dissipation, and storage mechanisms of a phototroph. In particular, extremely short and intense light flashes potentially mitigate light attenuation in photobioreactors without impairing photosynthesis. Intelligently controlling flashing light units and selecting electronic components can maximize light emission and energy efficiency. We discuss the biological, physical, and technical properties of flashing lights for algal production. We combine recent findings about photosynthetic pathways, self-shading in photobioreactors, and developments in solid-state technology towards the biotechnological application of LEDs to microalgal production.
Flashing lights are next-generation tools to mitigate light attenuation and increase the photosyn... more Flashing lights are next-generation tools to mitigate light attenuation and increase the photosynthetic efficiency of microalgal cultivation systems illuminated by light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Optimal flashing light conditions depend on the reaction kinetics and properties of the linear electron transfer chain, energy dissipation, and storage mechanisms of a phototroph. In particular, extremely short and intense light flashes potentially mitigate light attenuation in photobioreactors without impairing photosynthesis. Intelligently controlling flashing light units and selecting electronic components can maximize light emission and energy efficiency. We discuss the biological, physical, and technical properties of flashing lights for algal production. We combine recent findings about photosynthetic pathways, self-shading in photobioreactors, and developments in solid-state technology towards the biotechnological application of LEDs to microalgal production.
Biochemical components obtained by microalgal biomass can be induced by specific wavelengths and ... more Biochemical components obtained by microalgal biomass can be induced by specific wavelengths and processed to high value food/feed supplements or pharma-and nutraceuticals. Two biotechnologically relevant microalgae, Nannochloropsis oculata and Tetraselmis chuii, were exposed to non-tailored LEDs light sources emitting either mono-or multichromatic light with low red but significant blue (b450 nm) photon content, or tailored light sources with high blue or high red photon emissions: fluorescent light (FL), di-or multichromatic LED mixes. Growth of N. oculata and T. chuii under tailored light resulted in a ≈ 24% increase of the average biomass productivity as compared to cultures lit by non-tailored light sources. FL induced the highest C:N ratios in both algae (N. oculata: 7.91 ± 0.09 and T. chuii: 11.29 ± 0.03), highest total lipid (48.37 ± 1.07%) in N. oculata and carbohydrate (55.31 ± 1.02%) in T. chuii biomass. Among non-tailored light sources, monochromatic LEDs with emission peaks 465, 630 and 660 nm induced a ≈ 29% increase of carbohydrates and a ≈ 20% decrease of protein levels as compared to LEDs peaking at 405 nm and cool-and warm white LEDs. In conclusion, as FL have low photon conversion efficiencies (PCE), particularly within the red wavelength range, LEDs emitting at the 390–450 and 630– 690 nm wavebands should be combined for optimal carbon fixation, nitrogen and phosphate uptake.
Flashing lights are next-generation tools to mitigate light attenuation and increase the photosyn... more Flashing lights are next-generation tools to mitigate light attenuation and increase the photosynthetic efficiency of microalgal cultivation systems illuminated by light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Optimal flashing light conditions depend on the reaction kinetics and properties of the linear electron transfer chain, energy dissipation, and storage mechanisms of a phototroph. In particular, extremely short and intense light flashes potentially mitigate light attenuation in photobioreactors without impairing photosynthesis. Intelligently controlling flashing light units and selecting electronic components can maximize light emission and energy efficiency. We discuss the biological, physical, and technical properties of flashing lights for algal production. We combine recent findings about photosynthetic pathways, self-shading in photobioreactors, and developments in solid-state technology towards the biotechnological application of LEDs to microalgal production.
Biochemical components obtained by microalgal biomass can be induced by specific wavelengths and ... more Biochemical components obtained by microalgal biomass can be induced by specific wavelengths and processed to high value food/feed supplements or pharma-and nutraceuticals. Two biotechnologically relevant microalgae, Nannochloropsis oculata and Tetraselmis chuii, were exposed to non-tailored LEDs light sources emitting either mono-or multichromatic light with low red but significant blue (b450 nm) photon content, or tailored light sources with high blue or high red photon emissions: fluorescent light (FL), di-or multichromatic LED mixes. Growth of N. oculata and T. chuii under tailored light resulted in a ≈ 24% increase of the average biomass productivity as compared to cultures lit by non-tailored light sources. FL induced the highest C:N ratios in both algae (N. oculata: 7.91 ± 0.09 and T. chuii: 11.29 ± 0.03), highest total lipid (48.37 ± 1.07%) in N. oculata and carbohydrate (55.31 ± 1.02%) in T. chuii biomass. Among non-tailored light sources, monochromatic LEDs with emission peaks 465, 630 and 660 nm induced a ≈ 29% increase of carbohydrates and a ≈ 20% decrease of protein levels as compared to LEDs peaking at 405 nm and cool-and warm white LEDs. In conclusion, as FL have low photon conversion efficiencies (PCE), particularly within the red wavelength range, LEDs emitting at the 390–450 and 630– 690 nm wavebands should be combined for optimal carbon fixation, nitrogen and phosphate uptake.
Biochemical components obtained by microalgal biomass can be induced by specific wavelengths and ... more Biochemical components obtained by microalgal biomass can be induced by specific wavelengths and processed to high value food/feed supplements or pharma-and nutraceuticals. Two biotechnologically relevant microalgae, Nannochloropsis oculata and Tetraselmis chuii, were exposed to non-tailored LEDs light sources emitting either mono-or multichromatic light with low red but significant blue (b450 nm) photon content, or tailored light sources with high blue or high red photon emissions: fluorescent light (FL), di-or multichromatic LED mixes. Growth of N. oculata and T. chuii under tailored light resulted in a ≈ 24% increase of the average biomass productivity as compared to cultures lit by non-tailored light sources. FL induced the highest C:N ratios in both algae (N. oculata: 7.91 ± 0.09 and T. chuii: 11.29 ± 0.03), highest total lipid (48.37 ± 1.07%) in N. oculata and carbohydrate (55.31 ± 1.02%) in T. chuii biomass. Among non-tailored light sources, monochromatic LEDs with emission peaks 465, 630 and 660 nm induced a ≈ 29% increase of carbohydrates and a ≈ 20% decrease of protein levels as compared to LEDs peaking at 405 nm and cool-and warm white LEDs. In conclusion, as FL have low photon conversion efficiencies (PCE), particularly within the red wavelength range, LEDs emitting at the 390–450 and 630– 690 nm wavebands should be combined for optimal carbon fixation, nitrogen and phosphate uptake.
Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) will become one of the world's most important light sources and ... more Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) will become one of the world's most important light sources and their integration in microalgal production systems (photobioreactors) needs to be considered. LEDs can improve the quality and quantity of microalgal biomass when applied during specific growth phases. However, microalgae need a balanced mix of wavelengths for normal growth, and respond to light differently according to the pigments acquired or lost during their evolutionary history. This review highlights recently published results on the effect of LEDs on microalgal physiology and biochemistry and how this knowledge can be applied in selecting different LEDs with specific technical properties for regulating biomass production by microalgae belonging to diverse taxonomic groups.
Uploads
Papers by Peter Schulze