Papers by Seyyed Morteza Hashemi Toroujeni
Education and Information Technologies
International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET)
With promulgation of computer technology in educational testing, computerized testing (henceforth... more With promulgation of computer technology in educational testing, computerized testing (henceforth CBT) as green computing strategy is gaining popularity due to its advantages such as effective administration, flexible scheduling and immediate feedback over its conventional paper-based testing (henceforth PBT). Since some testing programs have begun to offer both versions of a test simultaneously, the effectiveness of CBT is queried by some scholars. Regarding to this aim, this study investigated the score equivalency of a test taken by 228 Iranian undergraduate students studying at a state university located in Chabahar region of Iran to see whether scores of two administrations of testing mode were equivalent. Then, two versions of the test were administered to the participants of two testing groups on four testing occasions in a counter balanced administration sequence with four weeks interval. One-Way ANOVA and Pearson Correlation tests were used to compare the mean scores and to find the relationship of testing order, computer attitudes and testing mode preference with testing performance. Findings of the study revealed that the scores of test takers were not different in both modes and the moderator variables were not considered external factors that might affect students' performance on CBT.
The critical issues of translation, words and translative interpretations that are borrowed from ... more The critical issues of translation, words and translative interpretations that are borrowed from the other languages may be considered the productions of contact among languages. Languages contact is also the production of cultures contact. Of course, the contact and bonding among languages are causes of social, scientific and technical developments of a society. Since almost all languages may be influenced by each other, the contact among cultures and languages is seen as a common and natural happening. As a matter of fact, languages may experience different types of effects (Zare Behtash, Hashemi Toroujeni & Safarzade Samani, 2017). Since the natural results of languages and cultures contact are the issues of loan words and translation, modern linguistics pays more attention to it. Some translative interpretations and expressions that are borrowed from other languages may be called loaned translative elements. Many literary, artistic, scientific, and journalistic expressions and interpretations such as direct translation of psychology and sociology that have come into Persian language are examples of this kind of loan words (as the effect of translation on language). Additionally, some texts of different areas that are translated from English to Persian have some language disorders that make them difficult to understand for everyone. These kinds of deficiencies in translation are caused by various factors such as lack of proficiency of translator in both source and target languages and his/her limited knowledge in different specialized areas. This paper examines the effect of translation on Persian grammar structure.
Computer-Based Testing (CBT) is becoming widespread due to its many identified positive merits in... more Computer-Based Testing (CBT) is becoming widespread due to its many identified positive merits including productive item development, flexible delivery testing mode, existence of self-selection options for test takers, immediate feedback, results management, standard setting and so on. Transitioning to CBT raised the concern over the effects of testing administration mode on test takers' scores compared to Paper-and-Pencil-Based testing. In this comparability study, we compared the effects of two different media (CBT vs. PPT) by investigating the score comparability of General English test taken by Iranian graduate students studying at Chabahar Maritime University to see whether test scores obtained from two testing modes were different. To achieve this goal, two versions of the same test were administered to 100 intermediate-level test takers organized in one testing group in two separate testing occasions. Using paired sample t-test to compare the means, the findings revealed the priority of CBT over PPT with .01 degree of difference at p<05. Utilizing ANOVA, the results indicated that two prior computer familiarity and attitudes external moderator factors had no significant effect on test takers' CBT scores. Furthermore, according to the results, the greatest percentage of test takers preferred test features presented on computerized version of the test.
The Transition from Greek to medieval philosophy that speculated on religion, nature, metaphysics... more The Transition from Greek to medieval philosophy that speculated on religion, nature, metaphysics, human being and society was rather a rough transition in the history of English literature. Although the literature content of this age reflected more religious beliefs, the love and hate relationship of medieval philosophy that was mostly based on the Christianity with Greek civilization was exhibited clearly. The modern philosophical ideologies are the continuation of this period's ideologies. Without a well understanding of the philosophical issues related to this age, it is not possible to understand the modern ones well. The catholic tradition as well as the religious reform against church called Protestantism was organized in this age. In Medieval Period, philosophy and theoretical thoughts related to the Christianity were well-organized and the philosophy, science and theoretical thoughts served religion. Philosophy had different forms and orientations in various stages of this period. One of these philosophical thoughts was the Augustinian philosophy which was strongly in favor of church with its different practices and styles. It used Platonic and Neo-Platonic traditions to prove that faith is the result of divine dispensations, not the result of human will power and wisdom. On the other hand, according to Aquinas, we experience different types of the effects that existed in the world around us. He believed that we assign an effective cause to each effect we experienced around us. Additionally, he claimed that reasoning was the only way to reach the real faith. In fact, philosophy of Medieval Period attempted to prove that religious assertions and ideologists were in search of matching their philosophical beliefs with the beliefs of Christianity. Christianity as the dominant factor in Middle English Literature helped English to be stablished as a literary language.
Advent of technology has caused growing interest in using computers to convert conventional paper... more Advent of technology has caused growing interest in using computers to convert conventional paper and pencil-based testing (Henceforth PPT) into Computer-based testing (Henceforth CBT) in the field of education during last decades. This constant promulgation of computers to reshape the conventional tests into computerized format permeated the language assessment field in recent years. But, enjoying advantages of computers in language assessment raise the concerns of the effects that computerized mode of testing may have on CBT performance. Thus, this study investigated the score comparability of Vocabulary in Use test taken by 30 Iranian undergraduate students studying at a state university located in Chabahar region of Iran (CMU) to see whether scores from two administrations of testing mode were different. Therefore, two similar tests were administered to the male and female participants on two testing mode occasions with four weeks interval. Employing One-Way ANOVA statistical test to compare the mean scores and Pearson Correlation test to find the relationship between mode preference and performance revealed that two sets of scores were not different and gender difference was not also considered a variable that might affect performance on CBT. Based on the results, computerized version of the test can be considered a favorable alternative for the state undergraduate students in Iran.
European Journal of English Language Teaching by Seyyed Morteza Hashemi Toroujeni
Computer-Based Testing (CBT) is becoming widespread due to its many identified positive merits in... more Computer-Based Testing (CBT) is becoming widespread due to its many identified positive merits including productive item development, flexible delivery testing mode, existence of self-selection options for test takers, immediate feedback, results management, standard setting and so on. Transitioning to CBT raised the concern over the effects of testing administration mode on test takers' scores compared to Paper-and-Pencil-Based testing. In this comparability study, we compared the effects of two different media (CBT vs. PPT) by investigating the score comparability of General English test taken by Iranian graduate students studying at Chabahar Maritime University to see whether test scores obtained from two testing modes were different. To achieve this goal, two versions of the same test were administered to 100 intermediate-level test takers organized in one testing group in two separate testing occasions. Using paired sample t-test to compare the means, the findings revealed the priority of CBT over PPT with .01 degree of difference at p<05. Utilizing ANOVA, the results indicated that two prior computer familiarity and attitudes external moderator factors had no significant effect on test takers' CBT scores. Furthermore, according to the results, the greatest percentage of test takers preferred test features presented on computerized version of the test.
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Papers by Seyyed Morteza Hashemi Toroujeni
European Journal of English Language Teaching by Seyyed Morteza Hashemi Toroujeni