International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
A large body of literature suggests that children living with two married, biological parents on ... more A large body of literature suggests that children living with two married, biological parents on average have fewer behavior problems than those who do not. What is less clear is why this occurs. Competing theories suggest that resource deficiencies and parental selectivity play a part. We suggest that examining different contexts can help adjudicate among different theoretical explanations as to how family structure relates to child behavior problems. In this paper, we use data from the Growing Up in Australia: Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC), the UK Millennium Cohort Study (MCS), and the US Early Childhood Longitudinal Study (ECLS-K) to examine the relationship between family structure and child behavior problems. Specifically, we look at how living in several configurations of biological and social parents may relate to child behavior problems. Findings suggest both similarities and differences across the three settings, with explanations in the UK results favori...
International Journal of Educational Development, 2022
Research examining the impact of family structure on educational achievement often overlooks diff... more Research examining the impact of family structure on educational achievement often overlooks differences in non-Western countries, where patterns of family formation and disruption are different, and educational pursuits are more intense. Using the Korean Youth Panel Survey, we examine the impact of family structure and shadow education on educational achievement in South Korea. While traditional resources explain much of the variation in shadow education use, family structure is also associated with the use of shadow education. Students in nontraditional families not only use shadow education less frequently, but their ability to translate shadow education into college entrance exam success also differs.
Child behavior problems are associated with an array of negative outcomes that can continue into ... more Child behavior problems are associated with an array of negative outcomes that can continue into adulthood. Because much of the social development and adjustment for children in early to middle childhood takes place in the home, families are of special interest in understanding child behavioral problems. Past research suggests an association between more stable family structures and healthier child behavioral outcomes. However, much of the research assessing behavioral outcomes has overlooked more complex family structure types and trajectories or has not considered how finer measures of family structure may clarify the connection between family structure and child behavior. Using the Millennium Cohort Study (MCS), a longitudinal study of children in the United Kingdom, we examine the relationships between various types of family structure stability and instability on child internalizing and externalizing behavior problems. Our results suggest that internalizing behavioral problems differ only slightly across all eight family structure trajectories and are instead explained by differences in other family characteristics such as stress and parental selectivity. Conversely, we find that family structure and trajectories of family structure change are associated with child externalizing problems, independent of other family characteristics. Despite the increase in frequency and normalization of non-traditional family structures in the UK, such as cohabitation, single parent and stepparent families, we find that children in stable married families experience fewer externalizing behavior problems compared to children in other family structures.
Research shows negative associations between living in single-parent or stepparent families and a... more Research shows negative associations between living in single-parent or stepparent families and average academic outcomes. But some children from non-traditional family structures are successful, such as those who enroll in college. Such students may be well suited to handle transitions to college because of their experience handling family transitions. By contrast, characteristics of non-traditional family structures generally associated with lower academic performance may persist into the collegiate context. We use the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth-1997 Cohort to compare first-term college GPA for students from two-biological-parent, single-parent, and stepparent families. We employ data from the NLSY97 Post-Secondary Transcript Data (NLSY97-PST) (N = 3346) and regression analyses to test the degree to which three competing theoretical perspectives-resources, family structure selectivity processes, or student resilience factors-might explain potential differences in college performance. Students from single-parent and stepparent families perform worse in their first collegiate semester than their peers from two-biological-parent families. Resources and selectivity factors explain differences for students from single-parent families, but explaining differences for students from stepparent families requires accounting for resilience factors as well.
The purpose of this study is to understand the relationship between family structure and maternal... more The purpose of this study is to understand the relationship between family structure and maternal depressive symptoms (MDS) in Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Family structures that involve transitions across life’s course, such as divorce, can alter access to resources and introduce new stressors into family systems. Using the stress process model, we examine the links between family structure, stress, resources, and MDS. Using nationally representative data from Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States and cross-sectional models for each country, we find that family structure may influence MDS differently in the UK than it does in Australia or, especially, the US. Specifically, mothers in the UK who either enter or leave a marriage after the birth of their child experience increased levels of MDS compared with mothers who do not experience a similar transition. These findings demonstrate that the effects of family structure transitions across life...
International Journal of Educational Development, 2022
Research examining the impact of family structure on educational achievement often overlooks diff... more Research examining the impact of family structure on educational achievement often overlooks differences in non-Western countries, where patterns of family formation and disruption are different, and educational pursuits are more intense. Using the Korean Youth Panel Survey, we examine the impact of family structure and shadow education on educational achievement in South Korea. While traditional resources explain much of the variation in shadow education use, family structure is also associated with the use of shadow education. Students in nontraditional families not only use shadow education less frequently, but their ability to translate shadow education into college entrance exam success also differs.
Context: While evidence-based practice (EBP) concepts are being taught in health profession educa... more Context: While evidence-based practice (EBP) concepts are being taught in health profession education programs, models of instruction and effectiveness of these models are not evident in athletic training. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of the Evidence-Based Teaching Model (EBTM) in increasing student knowledge, attitudes, and use of evidence-based concepts. Design: Within subjects design with pre- and post-test evaluations of students' knowledge, attitudes, and intended use using the researcher-developed Evidence-Based Concepts: Knowledge, Attitudes and Use (EBCKAU) survey. Setting: CAATE-accredited undergraduate programs. Participants: Eighty-two students from a stratified purposeful sample of 9 institutions were enrolled in the study, 78 students (95%) completed the knowledge portion of the survey, while 68 students (83%) fully completed the knowledge, attitudes, and use portions of the survey. Data Collection and Analysis: The EBCKAU survey was used to assess stude...
Context: While research recommends that health professions expand the instruction and use of evid... more Context: While research recommends that health professions expand the instruction and use of evidence-based practice (EBP) due to the individualized approach to patient health care, few examples of the incorporation of EBP into academic courses exist in athletic training. Objective: To evaluate educators' perceptions of the Evidence-Based Teaching Model (EBTM) as a strategy to introduce EBP concepts to athletic training (AT) students. Design: Qualitative program evaluation including semi-structured interviews. Setting: Institutions that sponsor CAATE-accredited professional undergraduate programs. Participants: Stratified purposeful sampling of 9 experienced educators (2 males, 7 females; average years teaching 8 ± 5 years) teaching therapeutic modalities or rehabilitation were trained in the EBTM and interviewed regarding their experience. Measures: Educators' experiences regarding implementation of the EBTM. Coded categories were triangulated via member checks and peer rev...
Health care research evidence suggests that early patient encounters (PEs), as well as the purp... more Health care research evidence suggests that early patient encounters (PEs), as well as the purposeful implementation of professional core competencies (CCs), for athletic training students (ATSs) may be beneficial to their ability to provide care. However, no investigators have related facets of the clinical education experience with CC implementation as a form of summative assessment of the clinical experience. To determine the relationship between the frequency and length of PEs, as well as the student's role and clinical site during PEs, and the students' perceived CC implementation during these encounters. Cross-sectional study. Professional athletic training program, National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I institution. We purposefully recruited 1 athletic training program that used E*Value software; 40 participants (31 females, 9 males) enrolled in the professional phase (12 first year, 14 second year, 14 third year) participated. Participants vi...
Examine the effectiveness of the 128 Hz tuning fork, two monofilaments, and Norfolk Quality of Li... more Examine the effectiveness of the 128 Hz tuning fork, two monofilaments, and Norfolk Quality of Life Diabetic Neuropathy (QOL-DN) questionnaire as tools for the early detection of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) in overweight, obese, and inactive (OOI) adults or those who have prediabetes (PD) or type 2 diabetes (T2D). Thirty-four adults (mean age 58.4 years ± 12.1) were divided by glycemia (10 OOI normoglycemic, 13 PD, and 11 T2D). Sural nerves were tested bilaterally with the NC-stat DPNCheck to determine sural nerve amplitude potential (SNAP) and sural nerve conduction velocity (SNCV). All other testing results were compared to SNAP and SNCV. Total 1 g monofilament scores significantly correlated with SNAP values and yielded the highest sensitivity and specificity combinations of tested measures. Total QOL-DN scores negatively correlated with SNAP values, as did QOL-DN symptoms. QOL-DN activities of daily living correlated with the right SNAP, and the QOL-DN small fiber subsc...
... school year. Since the mid-1980s, the best-practice method of achieving open access to the sc... more ... school year. Since the mid-1980s, the best-practice method of achieving open access to the school library media center has been through flexible scheduling ([Kulleseid, 1985], [Magers, 1986] and [Toor, 1987]). Flexible scheduling ...
... Much Ado About Siblings: Change Models, Sibship Size, and Intellectual Development. Americ... more ... Much Ado About Siblings: Change Models, Sibship Size, and Intellectual Development. American Sociological Review 64 (2): 193-198. 6. Pribesh, Shana and Douglas B. Downey. ... wealthier neighborhoods signaling their greater access to financial resources (Holden and ...
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
A large body of literature suggests that children living with two married, biological parents on ... more A large body of literature suggests that children living with two married, biological parents on average have fewer behavior problems than those who do not. What is less clear is why this occurs. Competing theories suggest that resource deficiencies and parental selectivity play a part. We suggest that examining different contexts can help adjudicate among different theoretical explanations as to how family structure relates to child behavior problems. In this paper, we use data from the Growing Up in Australia: Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC), the UK Millennium Cohort Study (MCS), and the US Early Childhood Longitudinal Study (ECLS-K) to examine the relationship between family structure and child behavior problems. Specifically, we look at how living in several configurations of biological and social parents may relate to child behavior problems. Findings suggest both similarities and differences across the three settings, with explanations in the UK results favori...
International Journal of Educational Development, 2022
Research examining the impact of family structure on educational achievement often overlooks diff... more Research examining the impact of family structure on educational achievement often overlooks differences in non-Western countries, where patterns of family formation and disruption are different, and educational pursuits are more intense. Using the Korean Youth Panel Survey, we examine the impact of family structure and shadow education on educational achievement in South Korea. While traditional resources explain much of the variation in shadow education use, family structure is also associated with the use of shadow education. Students in nontraditional families not only use shadow education less frequently, but their ability to translate shadow education into college entrance exam success also differs.
Child behavior problems are associated with an array of negative outcomes that can continue into ... more Child behavior problems are associated with an array of negative outcomes that can continue into adulthood. Because much of the social development and adjustment for children in early to middle childhood takes place in the home, families are of special interest in understanding child behavioral problems. Past research suggests an association between more stable family structures and healthier child behavioral outcomes. However, much of the research assessing behavioral outcomes has overlooked more complex family structure types and trajectories or has not considered how finer measures of family structure may clarify the connection between family structure and child behavior. Using the Millennium Cohort Study (MCS), a longitudinal study of children in the United Kingdom, we examine the relationships between various types of family structure stability and instability on child internalizing and externalizing behavior problems. Our results suggest that internalizing behavioral problems differ only slightly across all eight family structure trajectories and are instead explained by differences in other family characteristics such as stress and parental selectivity. Conversely, we find that family structure and trajectories of family structure change are associated with child externalizing problems, independent of other family characteristics. Despite the increase in frequency and normalization of non-traditional family structures in the UK, such as cohabitation, single parent and stepparent families, we find that children in stable married families experience fewer externalizing behavior problems compared to children in other family structures.
Research shows negative associations between living in single-parent or stepparent families and a... more Research shows negative associations between living in single-parent or stepparent families and average academic outcomes. But some children from non-traditional family structures are successful, such as those who enroll in college. Such students may be well suited to handle transitions to college because of their experience handling family transitions. By contrast, characteristics of non-traditional family structures generally associated with lower academic performance may persist into the collegiate context. We use the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth-1997 Cohort to compare first-term college GPA for students from two-biological-parent, single-parent, and stepparent families. We employ data from the NLSY97 Post-Secondary Transcript Data (NLSY97-PST) (N = 3346) and regression analyses to test the degree to which three competing theoretical perspectives-resources, family structure selectivity processes, or student resilience factors-might explain potential differences in college performance. Students from single-parent and stepparent families perform worse in their first collegiate semester than their peers from two-biological-parent families. Resources and selectivity factors explain differences for students from single-parent families, but explaining differences for students from stepparent families requires accounting for resilience factors as well.
The purpose of this study is to understand the relationship between family structure and maternal... more The purpose of this study is to understand the relationship between family structure and maternal depressive symptoms (MDS) in Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Family structures that involve transitions across life’s course, such as divorce, can alter access to resources and introduce new stressors into family systems. Using the stress process model, we examine the links between family structure, stress, resources, and MDS. Using nationally representative data from Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States and cross-sectional models for each country, we find that family structure may influence MDS differently in the UK than it does in Australia or, especially, the US. Specifically, mothers in the UK who either enter or leave a marriage after the birth of their child experience increased levels of MDS compared with mothers who do not experience a similar transition. These findings demonstrate that the effects of family structure transitions across life...
International Journal of Educational Development, 2022
Research examining the impact of family structure on educational achievement often overlooks diff... more Research examining the impact of family structure on educational achievement often overlooks differences in non-Western countries, where patterns of family formation and disruption are different, and educational pursuits are more intense. Using the Korean Youth Panel Survey, we examine the impact of family structure and shadow education on educational achievement in South Korea. While traditional resources explain much of the variation in shadow education use, family structure is also associated with the use of shadow education. Students in nontraditional families not only use shadow education less frequently, but their ability to translate shadow education into college entrance exam success also differs.
Context: While evidence-based practice (EBP) concepts are being taught in health profession educa... more Context: While evidence-based practice (EBP) concepts are being taught in health profession education programs, models of instruction and effectiveness of these models are not evident in athletic training. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of the Evidence-Based Teaching Model (EBTM) in increasing student knowledge, attitudes, and use of evidence-based concepts. Design: Within subjects design with pre- and post-test evaluations of students' knowledge, attitudes, and intended use using the researcher-developed Evidence-Based Concepts: Knowledge, Attitudes and Use (EBCKAU) survey. Setting: CAATE-accredited undergraduate programs. Participants: Eighty-two students from a stratified purposeful sample of 9 institutions were enrolled in the study, 78 students (95%) completed the knowledge portion of the survey, while 68 students (83%) fully completed the knowledge, attitudes, and use portions of the survey. Data Collection and Analysis: The EBCKAU survey was used to assess stude...
Context: While research recommends that health professions expand the instruction and use of evid... more Context: While research recommends that health professions expand the instruction and use of evidence-based practice (EBP) due to the individualized approach to patient health care, few examples of the incorporation of EBP into academic courses exist in athletic training. Objective: To evaluate educators' perceptions of the Evidence-Based Teaching Model (EBTM) as a strategy to introduce EBP concepts to athletic training (AT) students. Design: Qualitative program evaluation including semi-structured interviews. Setting: Institutions that sponsor CAATE-accredited professional undergraduate programs. Participants: Stratified purposeful sampling of 9 experienced educators (2 males, 7 females; average years teaching 8 ± 5 years) teaching therapeutic modalities or rehabilitation were trained in the EBTM and interviewed regarding their experience. Measures: Educators' experiences regarding implementation of the EBTM. Coded categories were triangulated via member checks and peer rev...
Health care research evidence suggests that early patient encounters (PEs), as well as the purp... more Health care research evidence suggests that early patient encounters (PEs), as well as the purposeful implementation of professional core competencies (CCs), for athletic training students (ATSs) may be beneficial to their ability to provide care. However, no investigators have related facets of the clinical education experience with CC implementation as a form of summative assessment of the clinical experience. To determine the relationship between the frequency and length of PEs, as well as the student's role and clinical site during PEs, and the students' perceived CC implementation during these encounters. Cross-sectional study. Professional athletic training program, National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I institution. We purposefully recruited 1 athletic training program that used E*Value software; 40 participants (31 females, 9 males) enrolled in the professional phase (12 first year, 14 second year, 14 third year) participated. Participants vi...
Examine the effectiveness of the 128 Hz tuning fork, two monofilaments, and Norfolk Quality of Li... more Examine the effectiveness of the 128 Hz tuning fork, two monofilaments, and Norfolk Quality of Life Diabetic Neuropathy (QOL-DN) questionnaire as tools for the early detection of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) in overweight, obese, and inactive (OOI) adults or those who have prediabetes (PD) or type 2 diabetes (T2D). Thirty-four adults (mean age 58.4 years ± 12.1) were divided by glycemia (10 OOI normoglycemic, 13 PD, and 11 T2D). Sural nerves were tested bilaterally with the NC-stat DPNCheck to determine sural nerve amplitude potential (SNAP) and sural nerve conduction velocity (SNCV). All other testing results were compared to SNAP and SNCV. Total 1 g monofilament scores significantly correlated with SNAP values and yielded the highest sensitivity and specificity combinations of tested measures. Total QOL-DN scores negatively correlated with SNAP values, as did QOL-DN symptoms. QOL-DN activities of daily living correlated with the right SNAP, and the QOL-DN small fiber subsc...
... school year. Since the mid-1980s, the best-practice method of achieving open access to the sc... more ... school year. Since the mid-1980s, the best-practice method of achieving open access to the school library media center has been through flexible scheduling ([Kulleseid, 1985], [Magers, 1986] and [Toor, 1987]). Flexible scheduling ...
... Much Ado About Siblings: Change Models, Sibship Size, and Intellectual Development. Americ... more ... Much Ado About Siblings: Change Models, Sibship Size, and Intellectual Development. American Sociological Review 64 (2): 193-198. 6. Pribesh, Shana and Douglas B. Downey. ... wealthier neighborhoods signaling their greater access to financial resources (Holden and ...
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