Objectives Currently available guidelines on the daily formula milk requirements of infants, incl... more Objectives Currently available guidelines on the daily formula milk requirements of infants, including those from the Institute of Medicine (IOM) and FAO/WHO/UNU, are based on the needs of infants with median body weight and the fact that their growth pattern follows the 50th percentile of the weight-for-age growth curve. Hence, current recommendations might not be sufficiently detailed to meet the needs of infants across the broad spectrum of body weight percentiles. This study aimed to provide stratified recommendations for daily formula milk intake of fully formula-fed infants across different weight-age categories from 0 to 4 months. Methods At first, theoretical age- and gender- specific weight ranges were constructed for infants across five predefined weight-for-length percentile categories of the WHO growth standard: small (10th percentile), medium-small (15th to 25th percentiles), medium (50th percentile), medium-large (75th to 85th percentiles), and large (90th percentile) ...
The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is estimated at 14% globally, and in some c... more The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is estimated at 14% globally, and in some countries, such as Singapore, exceeds 20%. Both women and children exposed to GDM have an increased risk of later metabolic diseases, cardiovascular disease and other health issues. Beyond lifestyle changes and pharmaceutical intervention using existing type 2 diabetes medications for expecting women, there are limited treatment options for women with GDM; targeting better outcomes of potentially affected infants is unexplored. Numerous animal models have been generated for understanding of pathological processes of GDM development and for development of treatment strategies. These models, however, suffer from limited windows of opportunity to examine risk factors and potential intervention options. By combining short-term high-fat diet (HFD) feeding and low-dose streptozotocin (STZ) treatments before pregnancy, we have established a mouse model with marked transient gestation-specific hy...
Glycaemic index (GI) is used as an indicator to guide consumers in making healthier food choices.... more Glycaemic index (GI) is used as an indicator to guide consumers in making healthier food choices. We compared the GI, insulin index (II), and the area under the curve for blood glucose and insulin as glucose (GR) and insulin responses (IR) of a newly developed liquid nutritional formula with one commercially available liquid product with different types of carbohydrates. We then evaluated the glucose and insulin responses of two test foods with comparable energy density and protein percentage but presented in different food forms (liquid vs. solid). Fourteen healthy women participated in the study. GI, II, GR, and IR were assessed after (independent) consumption of two liquid products and a solid breakfast meal. The two liquid foods showed comparable GI, whilst the liquid form appeared to produce lower median GI (25 vs. 54), and II (52 vs. 98) values compared to the solid breakfast (< 0.02). The median GR and IR for solid breakfast were respectively 44% and 45% higher compared to...
Dietary habits play an important role in the prevention of chronic disease; however, few studies ... more Dietary habits play an important role in the prevention of chronic disease; however, few studies have assessed the major dietary patterns in Middle Eastern countries. This study identifies major dietary patterns among Iranian people with abnormal glucose homeostasis. This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Diabetes Research Center, Isfahan, Iran among 425 subjects with abnormal glucose homeostasis. Patients were of ages 35 - 55 years and had family histories of diabetes. We assessed dietary intake by the use of a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) that contained 39 food items. General obesity was defined as a BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 and central obesity was defined as waist circumference (WC) ≥ 88 in women and WC ≥ 102 in men. Five major dietary patterns were revealed by factor analysis: 'western', 'healthy', 'vegetarian', 'high-fat dairy', and 'chicken and plants'. Those in the top tertile of the 'western pattern' had greater odds for g...
Journal of research in medical sciences : the official journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, 2011
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of consuming thermally oxidized oil supplemented... more This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of consuming thermally oxidized oil supplemented with pectin on liver glutathione peroxidase activity, serum malondialdehyde and lipid profiles in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Fifty growing male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into different groups. The diets differed only in their fat and pectin content. The diets had fresh sunflower oil or thermally oxidized sunflower oil. The diets were supplemented with pectin in the amount of 50 g/kg diet or not supplemented. Thus, there were four experimental groups: "fresh oil", "oxidized oil", "fresh oil + pectin", "oxidized oil + pectin". Study duration was 42 days. Non parametric, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were used to evaluate mean values of variables in groups. In oil consumption, peroxide, p- Anisidine, thiobarbituric acid, free fatty acid values and total polar compounds increased but iodine value was decreased. In the oxidized o...
Journal of research in medical sciences : the official journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, 2011
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of consuming thermally oxidized oil supplemented... more This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of consuming thermally oxidized oil supplemented with pectin on liver glutathione peroxidase activity, serum malondialdehyde and lipid profiles in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Fifty growing male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into different groups. The diets differed only in their fat and pectin content. The diets had fresh sunflower oil or thermally oxidized sunflower oil. The diets were supplemented with pectin in the amount of 50 g/kg diet or not supplemented. Thus, there were four experimental groups: "fresh oil", "oxidized oil", "fresh oil + pectin", "oxidized oil + pectin". Study duration was 42 days. Non parametric, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were used to evaluate mean values of variables in groups. In oil consumption, peroxide, p- Anisidine, thiobarbituric acid, free fatty acid values and total polar compounds increased but iodine value was decreased. In the oxidized o...
Objectives Currently available guidelines on the daily formula milk requirements of infants, incl... more Objectives Currently available guidelines on the daily formula milk requirements of infants, including those from the Institute of Medicine (IOM) and FAO/WHO/UNU, are based on the needs of infants with median body weight and the fact that their growth pattern follows the 50th percentile of the weight-for-age growth curve. Hence, current recommendations might not be sufficiently detailed to meet the needs of infants across the broad spectrum of body weight percentiles. This study aimed to provide stratified recommendations for daily formula milk intake of fully formula-fed infants across different weight-age categories from 0 to 4 months. Methods At first, theoretical age- and gender- specific weight ranges were constructed for infants across five predefined weight-for-length percentile categories of the WHO growth standard: small (10th percentile), medium-small (15th to 25th percentiles), medium (50th percentile), medium-large (75th to 85th percentiles), and large (90th percentile) ...
The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is estimated at 14% globally, and in some c... more The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is estimated at 14% globally, and in some countries, such as Singapore, exceeds 20%. Both women and children exposed to GDM have an increased risk of later metabolic diseases, cardiovascular disease and other health issues. Beyond lifestyle changes and pharmaceutical intervention using existing type 2 diabetes medications for expecting women, there are limited treatment options for women with GDM; targeting better outcomes of potentially affected infants is unexplored. Numerous animal models have been generated for understanding of pathological processes of GDM development and for development of treatment strategies. These models, however, suffer from limited windows of opportunity to examine risk factors and potential intervention options. By combining short-term high-fat diet (HFD) feeding and low-dose streptozotocin (STZ) treatments before pregnancy, we have established a mouse model with marked transient gestation-specific hy...
Glycaemic index (GI) is used as an indicator to guide consumers in making healthier food choices.... more Glycaemic index (GI) is used as an indicator to guide consumers in making healthier food choices. We compared the GI, insulin index (II), and the area under the curve for blood glucose and insulin as glucose (GR) and insulin responses (IR) of a newly developed liquid nutritional formula with one commercially available liquid product with different types of carbohydrates. We then evaluated the glucose and insulin responses of two test foods with comparable energy density and protein percentage but presented in different food forms (liquid vs. solid). Fourteen healthy women participated in the study. GI, II, GR, and IR were assessed after (independent) consumption of two liquid products and a solid breakfast meal. The two liquid foods showed comparable GI, whilst the liquid form appeared to produce lower median GI (25 vs. 54), and II (52 vs. 98) values compared to the solid breakfast (< 0.02). The median GR and IR for solid breakfast were respectively 44% and 45% higher compared to...
Dietary habits play an important role in the prevention of chronic disease; however, few studies ... more Dietary habits play an important role in the prevention of chronic disease; however, few studies have assessed the major dietary patterns in Middle Eastern countries. This study identifies major dietary patterns among Iranian people with abnormal glucose homeostasis. This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Diabetes Research Center, Isfahan, Iran among 425 subjects with abnormal glucose homeostasis. Patients were of ages 35 - 55 years and had family histories of diabetes. We assessed dietary intake by the use of a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) that contained 39 food items. General obesity was defined as a BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 and central obesity was defined as waist circumference (WC) ≥ 88 in women and WC ≥ 102 in men. Five major dietary patterns were revealed by factor analysis: 'western', 'healthy', 'vegetarian', 'high-fat dairy', and 'chicken and plants'. Those in the top tertile of the 'western pattern' had greater odds for g...
Journal of research in medical sciences : the official journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, 2011
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of consuming thermally oxidized oil supplemented... more This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of consuming thermally oxidized oil supplemented with pectin on liver glutathione peroxidase activity, serum malondialdehyde and lipid profiles in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Fifty growing male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into different groups. The diets differed only in their fat and pectin content. The diets had fresh sunflower oil or thermally oxidized sunflower oil. The diets were supplemented with pectin in the amount of 50 g/kg diet or not supplemented. Thus, there were four experimental groups: "fresh oil", "oxidized oil", "fresh oil + pectin", "oxidized oil + pectin". Study duration was 42 days. Non parametric, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were used to evaluate mean values of variables in groups. In oil consumption, peroxide, p- Anisidine, thiobarbituric acid, free fatty acid values and total polar compounds increased but iodine value was decreased. In the oxidized o...
Journal of research in medical sciences : the official journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, 2011
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of consuming thermally oxidized oil supplemented... more This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of consuming thermally oxidized oil supplemented with pectin on liver glutathione peroxidase activity, serum malondialdehyde and lipid profiles in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Fifty growing male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into different groups. The diets differed only in their fat and pectin content. The diets had fresh sunflower oil or thermally oxidized sunflower oil. The diets were supplemented with pectin in the amount of 50 g/kg diet or not supplemented. Thus, there were four experimental groups: "fresh oil", "oxidized oil", "fresh oil + pectin", "oxidized oil + pectin". Study duration was 42 days. Non parametric, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were used to evaluate mean values of variables in groups. In oil consumption, peroxide, p- Anisidine, thiobarbituric acid, free fatty acid values and total polar compounds increased but iodine value was decreased. In the oxidized o...
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