研究人员经常将母国在东道国的子公司创造的增加值(VA)称作外国直接投资(FDI), 并使用国际收支平衡表中的FDI流量和存量进行度量。实际上FDI记录的是国内公司和国外公司之间的长期金融交易,因... more 研究人员经常将母国在东道国的子公司创造的增加值(VA)称作外国直接投资(FDI), 并使用国际收支平衡表中的FDI流量和存量进行度量。实际上FDI记录的是国内公司和国外公司之间的长期金融交易,因此FDI存量和流量衡量的范围较窄。例如,法国对澳大利亚的FDI存量,是衡量法国母公司拥有的在澳大利亚的子公司的股份和再投资收益,以及在澳大利亚的子公司对法国母公司的净负债。
A question that has been neglected in network research is where differences in network embeddedne... more A question that has been neglected in network research is where differences in network embeddedness come from.The network literature reveals that there are three key characteristics of embedded relationships: trust, open communication, and joint problem solving.On the basis of the sparse empirical studies of factors leading to network embeddedness, we identify organizational culture as a potentially important organizational-level factor.Building on empirical organizational culture studies we select ten dimensions of organizational culture that for theoretical and/or empirical reasons can be linked to network embeddedness, and formulate propositions concerning their effects.
Distance is a central concept in international business research, yet there is debate about the c... more Distance is a central concept in international business research, yet there is debate about the construct as well as its operationalization. In this editorial, we address three of the most important recurring questions posed by authors, editors, and reviewers by examining the theory, methods, and data of distance research. We discuss (1) how to theorize on distance, and (2) what method and (3) what data to use when constructing a distance index. We develop practical recommendations grounded in theory, illustrating and supporting them by calculating cross-country distance indices for all available country pairs and two of the most used distance indices: cultural and institutional distance. We show that whereas a specific method to calculate distance may matter to some extent, the choice for a specific cultural or institutional framework to measure cultural or institutional distance has a major impact on country pair distances. Overall, this editorial highlights the importance of matc...
R&D is good for economic growth.There is now compelling evidence that R&D is in particular good f... more R&D is good for economic growth.There is now compelling evidence that R&D is in particular good for local economic growth, since knowledge spillovers tend to be bounded by distance.But how local is local?This paper studies the role of proximity in innovation in the Netherlands, a small country.We find that proximity does not promote industrial knowledge spillovers within the Netherlands, nor spillovers from all-discipline universities.But we do find that distance limits spillovers from universities of technology.
This paper presents the most comprehensive review and meta-analysis of the literature on cultural... more This paper presents the most comprehensive review and meta-analysis of the literature on cultural distance and firm internationalization to date. We analyze the effects of cultural distance on key strategic decisions throughout the entire process of internationalization. For the preinvestment stage, we examine the decisions on where to invest (location choice), how much to invest (degree of ownership), and how to organize the foreign expansion (entry and establishment mode). For the postinvestment stage, we examine the decisions of how to integrate the foreign subsidiary into the organization (transfer of practices) as well as the performance effects of cultural distance at both the subsidiary and the firm level. We find that firms are less likely to expand to culturally distant locations but if they do, they prefer greenfield investments and integrate subsidiaries more through transfer of management practices. Cultural distance does not seem to affect how much capital firms invest ...
Despite their common roots, international economics (IE) and international business (IB) have dev... more Despite their common roots, international economics (IE) and international business (IB) have developed into two distinct fields of study. Economists have directed their efforts at formalizing the workings of international trade and investment at the macroeconomic level; business scholars have relied more on data-driven conceptual narratives than mathematical tools. But the recent focus of IE literature on firm heterogeneity suggests that IE would benefit from IB analyses of the behavior and organization of the internationalizing firm. The contributions to this volume investigate ways that insights from IB can enrich IE research in firm heterogeneity. The contributors discuss firm-specific advantages in international trade and investment, considering the firm as the unit of analysis and managerial inputs as a variable in market entry decisions; analyze interactions between a firm and its external environment, including local corporate philanthropy and institutional settings; examine the boundaries of the firm and organizational choices such as the make-or-buy decision; and investigate technology transfer and innovation offshoring, discussing the role of subsidiaries, inventor employment, and other related topics. Although IE and IB look at international firms from different perspectives, these contributions make it clear that there is a potential for a productive exchange of insights and information between the two disciplines. ContributorsLaura Abramovsky, Carlo Altomonte, Sjoerd Beugelsdijk, Bruce Blonigen, Pamela Bombarda, Steven Brakman, Julia Darby, Rodolphe Desbordes, Filippo Di Mauro, Maria Garcia-Vega, Harry Garretsen, Elena Huergo, Florian Mayneris, Quyen T. K. Nguyen, Verena Nowak, Cheyney O'Fallon, Gianmarco Ottaviano, Michael Pfluger, Filomena Pietrovito, Sandra Poncet, Alberto Franco Pozzolo, Alan M. Rugman, Armando Rungi, Stephan Russek, Davide Sala, Luca Salvatici, Christian Schwarz, Roger Smeets, Jens Suedekum, Hans van Ees, Vincent Vicard, Ian Wooton, Erdal Yalcin
研究人员经常将母国在东道国的子公司创造的增加值(VA)称作外国直接投资(FDI), 并使用国际收支平衡表中的FDI流量和存量进行度量。实际上FDI记录的是国内公司和国外公司之间的长期金融交易,因... more 研究人员经常将母国在东道国的子公司创造的增加值(VA)称作外国直接投资(FDI), 并使用国际收支平衡表中的FDI流量和存量进行度量。实际上FDI记录的是国内公司和国外公司之间的长期金融交易,因此FDI存量和流量衡量的范围较窄。例如,法国对澳大利亚的FDI存量,是衡量法国母公司拥有的在澳大利亚的子公司的股份和再投资收益,以及在澳大利亚的子公司对法国母公司的净负债。
A question that has been neglected in network research is where differences in network embeddedne... more A question that has been neglected in network research is where differences in network embeddedness come from.The network literature reveals that there are three key characteristics of embedded relationships: trust, open communication, and joint problem solving.On the basis of the sparse empirical studies of factors leading to network embeddedness, we identify organizational culture as a potentially important organizational-level factor.Building on empirical organizational culture studies we select ten dimensions of organizational culture that for theoretical and/or empirical reasons can be linked to network embeddedness, and formulate propositions concerning their effects.
Distance is a central concept in international business research, yet there is debate about the c... more Distance is a central concept in international business research, yet there is debate about the construct as well as its operationalization. In this editorial, we address three of the most important recurring questions posed by authors, editors, and reviewers by examining the theory, methods, and data of distance research. We discuss (1) how to theorize on distance, and (2) what method and (3) what data to use when constructing a distance index. We develop practical recommendations grounded in theory, illustrating and supporting them by calculating cross-country distance indices for all available country pairs and two of the most used distance indices: cultural and institutional distance. We show that whereas a specific method to calculate distance may matter to some extent, the choice for a specific cultural or institutional framework to measure cultural or institutional distance has a major impact on country pair distances. Overall, this editorial highlights the importance of matc...
R&D is good for economic growth.There is now compelling evidence that R&D is in particular good f... more R&D is good for economic growth.There is now compelling evidence that R&D is in particular good for local economic growth, since knowledge spillovers tend to be bounded by distance.But how local is local?This paper studies the role of proximity in innovation in the Netherlands, a small country.We find that proximity does not promote industrial knowledge spillovers within the Netherlands, nor spillovers from all-discipline universities.But we do find that distance limits spillovers from universities of technology.
This paper presents the most comprehensive review and meta-analysis of the literature on cultural... more This paper presents the most comprehensive review and meta-analysis of the literature on cultural distance and firm internationalization to date. We analyze the effects of cultural distance on key strategic decisions throughout the entire process of internationalization. For the preinvestment stage, we examine the decisions on where to invest (location choice), how much to invest (degree of ownership), and how to organize the foreign expansion (entry and establishment mode). For the postinvestment stage, we examine the decisions of how to integrate the foreign subsidiary into the organization (transfer of practices) as well as the performance effects of cultural distance at both the subsidiary and the firm level. We find that firms are less likely to expand to culturally distant locations but if they do, they prefer greenfield investments and integrate subsidiaries more through transfer of management practices. Cultural distance does not seem to affect how much capital firms invest ...
Despite their common roots, international economics (IE) and international business (IB) have dev... more Despite their common roots, international economics (IE) and international business (IB) have developed into two distinct fields of study. Economists have directed their efforts at formalizing the workings of international trade and investment at the macroeconomic level; business scholars have relied more on data-driven conceptual narratives than mathematical tools. But the recent focus of IE literature on firm heterogeneity suggests that IE would benefit from IB analyses of the behavior and organization of the internationalizing firm. The contributions to this volume investigate ways that insights from IB can enrich IE research in firm heterogeneity. The contributors discuss firm-specific advantages in international trade and investment, considering the firm as the unit of analysis and managerial inputs as a variable in market entry decisions; analyze interactions between a firm and its external environment, including local corporate philanthropy and institutional settings; examine the boundaries of the firm and organizational choices such as the make-or-buy decision; and investigate technology transfer and innovation offshoring, discussing the role of subsidiaries, inventor employment, and other related topics. Although IE and IB look at international firms from different perspectives, these contributions make it clear that there is a potential for a productive exchange of insights and information between the two disciplines. ContributorsLaura Abramovsky, Carlo Altomonte, Sjoerd Beugelsdijk, Bruce Blonigen, Pamela Bombarda, Steven Brakman, Julia Darby, Rodolphe Desbordes, Filippo Di Mauro, Maria Garcia-Vega, Harry Garretsen, Elena Huergo, Florian Mayneris, Quyen T. K. Nguyen, Verena Nowak, Cheyney O'Fallon, Gianmarco Ottaviano, Michael Pfluger, Filomena Pietrovito, Sandra Poncet, Alberto Franco Pozzolo, Alan M. Rugman, Armando Rungi, Stephan Russek, Davide Sala, Luca Salvatici, Christian Schwarz, Roger Smeets, Jens Suedekum, Hans van Ees, Vincent Vicard, Ian Wooton, Erdal Yalcin
Uploads