Altered protamine 1 (PRM1)/ protamine 2 (PRM2) mRNA ratio in testicular biopsy samples correlates... more Altered protamine 1 (PRM1)/ protamine 2 (PRM2) mRNA ratio in testicular biopsy samples correlates with sperm quality and its fertilising ability. This study is planned to assess PRM1/ PRM2 mRNA ratio in subgroups of azoospermia to suggest a more reliable and accurate marker for assessing sperm quality in nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA). A cross‐sectional study was done on testicular biopsy samples, taken from 106 azoospermic patients. Samples were histologically classified into subgroups: 36 obstructive azoospermia (OA), and two groups of NOA: 41 round spermatid maturation arrest (SMA) and 29 Sertoli cell‐only syndrome (SCOS). OA samples showed histologically normal spermatogenesis and serve as a positive control. mRNA expression of jumonji domain‐containing 1A (JMJD1A), PRM1, PRM2 and transition nuclear proteins (TNP1, TNP2) genes was determined, by RT‐qPCR. Significantly lower expression of JMJD1A (p < .001), PRM1 (p = .0265) and PRM2 (p = .0032) has been seen in the SCOS group of NOA. We found significant (p < .001) increase in PRM1/PRM2 mRNA ratio in testicular biopsy samples of SCOS group of NOA patients and significant negative correlation of PRM1/PRM2 mRNA ratio with JMJD1A. Hence, PRM1/PRM2 mRNA ratio may represent a more reliable and accurate marker to assess sperm quality in NOA in addition to standard semen parameters.
Cardiac endocrine Function: Heart is an endocrine organ besides a mechanical pump for circulation... more Cardiac endocrine Function: Heart is an endocrine organ besides a mechanical pump for circulation. This endocrine function was identified when atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) was discovered as a first natriuretic peptide.1 Subsequent studies discovered two other natriuretic peptides, Brain (or B-type) natriuretic peptide (BNP) and C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP), with the homologous sequence and structure.2,3 BNP was first detected from brain tissue , but later on was found to be mainly of cardiac origin.2,4 CNP is mainly produced by endothelial cells.3 ANP and BNP exert natriuretic, diuretic and vasodilatory effects while CNP causes smooth muscle relaxation in the peripheral vasculature.3,5 Cardiac natriuretic peptides are released into the blood in response to stretch or ischaemia of cardiac chambers. BNP is released predominantly by the cardiac ventricles and ANP by atria. 6 After being released into the interstitial space, these cardiac peptides flow either into the coronary s...
To access successfulness of sperm retrieval by evaluating the mRNA expression profile of JMJD1A, ... more To access successfulness of sperm retrieval by evaluating the mRNA expression profile of JMJD1A, TNP1, TNP2, PRM1 and PRM2 in patients undergoing surgical sperm retrieval procedure. Probability of sperm retrieval in azoospermia is decreased when mRNA expression profile of JMJD1A TNP2 and PRM2 in testicular tissue is decreased. Studies have been done on expression of JMJD1A in non-obstructive azoospermic patients in other part of the world with smaller sample size but this is the first study in Pakistan with larger number of patients. Study design, size, duration: Crossectional study, 100 azoospermic patients coming for purpose of sperm retrieval by TESE or micro-TESE in Australian Concept Infertility Medical Center, Karachi,from March, 2018 to December, 2019 All recruited azoospermic patients were evaluated by history, physical examination, and hormonal assessment. RNA was extracted by pureLink RNA Micro kit and mRNA expression of the JMJD1A, TNP1, TNP2, PRM1 and PRM2 genes was dete...
Assisted reproduction is the assistance provided to address infertility. All treatments of fertil... more Assisted reproduction is the assistance provided to address infertility. All treatments of fertility in which handling of both egg and embryo is done are included in “assisted reproductive techniques (ARTs).” In these techniques, eggs from woman’s ovaries are surgically removed and combined in vitro with sperm and embryo is ultimatly returned to the uterine cavity. ARTs therefore incorporate a wide range of procedures that are used to overcome natural barriers in fertilization by directly collecting and in vitro handling of human gametes and replacement of embryo into the uterus. In this chapter, the main focus will be on the steps of in vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryo transfer with normal reproductive physiology and factors predicting the success of IVF.
The difficulties encountered in surgical spermatozoa retrieval for intracytoplasmic sperm injecti... more The difficulties encountered in surgical spermatozoa retrieval for intracytoplasmic sperm injection procedure in azoospermic men have stressed the dire need for a robust biomarker for the prediction of spermatozoa retrieval. Data have highlighted the role of JMJD1A (Jumonji domain‐containing 1A), a histone H3K9 demethylase, and other nuclear proteins, protamines (PRM) and transition nuclear proteins (TNP), as biomarkers in male infertility.
JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 2019
OBJECTIVE To compare stress markers and reproductive hormones in fertile and infertile females, a... more OBJECTIVE To compare stress markers and reproductive hormones in fertile and infertile females, and to relate the markers with age, duration and cause of infertility, and body mass index.. METHODS The case-control study was conducted at Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, from March 2017 to February 2018. Females aged 16-50 years regardless of ethnic background were recruited from the Australian Concept Infertility Medical Centre, Karachi, and were equally divided into infertile cases group A, and fertile controls group B. Serum follicular stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, estradiol, glutathione reductase and cortisol were measured using enzyme-linked innmunosorbent assay. SPSS 19 was used for statistical analysis.. RESULTS There were 328 female subjects divided into two equal groups of 164(50%). Serum luteinizing hormone and cortisol was higher in the group A than in group B (p<0.001). Serum glutathione reductase was low in group A compared to group B (p<0.001). Du...
Background: serum level of amino-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, a cardiac hormone produ... more Background: serum level of amino-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, a cardiac hormone produced by the heart, is elevated in patients with left ventricular dysfunction. The purpose of this study was to compare the abilities of serum and pericardial fluid levels of amino-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide to detect the left ventricular systolic dysfunction determined by echocardiography. Methods: 50 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting were included in this study. Left ventricular systolic function was assessed using echocardiography before coronary artery bypass grafting. The samples of serum and pericardial fluid were collected during surgery, and amino-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide levels were assessed by an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. The log value of amino-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide concentrations was calculated. Results: the pericardial fluid levels of log amino-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide were significantly ...
JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 2019
OBJECTIVE This review aimed to determine the impact of exercise protocol among peripheral artery ... more OBJECTIVE This review aimed to determine the impact of exercise protocol among peripheral artery disease patients. Literature search was done from 2005 to 2018. METHODS Databases such as Google Scholar, Medline and PubMed was reconnoitred for the purpose of research articles by using key words like exercise training, peripheral artery disease, ankle brachial index, haemodynamic and atherosclerosis. Studies fulfilling the inclusion criteria were retrieved and encompassed in the present study. RESULTS The heterogeneity of the studies included in the analysis and the impact of exercise programmes on outcome measures were assessed by using hedge gstatistical model.Of the54 studies found, 9(16.6%) were analysed that suggest supervised and structured exercises programmes significantly improved (p<0.05) outcome variables. CONCLUSIONS Future randomized controlled trials related to the duration of exercises regimes are required in order to tailor the training programmes according to the n...
Altered protamine 1 (PRM1)/ protamine 2 (PRM2) mRNA ratio in testicular biopsy samples correlates... more Altered protamine 1 (PRM1)/ protamine 2 (PRM2) mRNA ratio in testicular biopsy samples correlates with sperm quality and its fertilising ability. This study is planned to assess PRM1/ PRM2 mRNA ratio in subgroups of azoospermia to suggest a more reliable and accurate marker for assessing sperm quality in nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA). A cross‐sectional study was done on testicular biopsy samples, taken from 106 azoospermic patients. Samples were histologically classified into subgroups: 36 obstructive azoospermia (OA), and two groups of NOA: 41 round spermatid maturation arrest (SMA) and 29 Sertoli cell‐only syndrome (SCOS). OA samples showed histologically normal spermatogenesis and serve as a positive control. mRNA expression of jumonji domain‐containing 1A (JMJD1A), PRM1, PRM2 and transition nuclear proteins (TNP1, TNP2) genes was determined, by RT‐qPCR. Significantly lower expression of JMJD1A (p < .001), PRM1 (p = .0265) and PRM2 (p = .0032) has been seen in the SCOS group of NOA. We found significant (p < .001) increase in PRM1/PRM2 mRNA ratio in testicular biopsy samples of SCOS group of NOA patients and significant negative correlation of PRM1/PRM2 mRNA ratio with JMJD1A. Hence, PRM1/PRM2 mRNA ratio may represent a more reliable and accurate marker to assess sperm quality in NOA in addition to standard semen parameters.
Cardiac endocrine Function: Heart is an endocrine organ besides a mechanical pump for circulation... more Cardiac endocrine Function: Heart is an endocrine organ besides a mechanical pump for circulation. This endocrine function was identified when atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) was discovered as a first natriuretic peptide.1 Subsequent studies discovered two other natriuretic peptides, Brain (or B-type) natriuretic peptide (BNP) and C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP), with the homologous sequence and structure.2,3 BNP was first detected from brain tissue , but later on was found to be mainly of cardiac origin.2,4 CNP is mainly produced by endothelial cells.3 ANP and BNP exert natriuretic, diuretic and vasodilatory effects while CNP causes smooth muscle relaxation in the peripheral vasculature.3,5 Cardiac natriuretic peptides are released into the blood in response to stretch or ischaemia of cardiac chambers. BNP is released predominantly by the cardiac ventricles and ANP by atria. 6 After being released into the interstitial space, these cardiac peptides flow either into the coronary s...
To access successfulness of sperm retrieval by evaluating the mRNA expression profile of JMJD1A, ... more To access successfulness of sperm retrieval by evaluating the mRNA expression profile of JMJD1A, TNP1, TNP2, PRM1 and PRM2 in patients undergoing surgical sperm retrieval procedure. Probability of sperm retrieval in azoospermia is decreased when mRNA expression profile of JMJD1A TNP2 and PRM2 in testicular tissue is decreased. Studies have been done on expression of JMJD1A in non-obstructive azoospermic patients in other part of the world with smaller sample size but this is the first study in Pakistan with larger number of patients. Study design, size, duration: Crossectional study, 100 azoospermic patients coming for purpose of sperm retrieval by TESE or micro-TESE in Australian Concept Infertility Medical Center, Karachi,from March, 2018 to December, 2019 All recruited azoospermic patients were evaluated by history, physical examination, and hormonal assessment. RNA was extracted by pureLink RNA Micro kit and mRNA expression of the JMJD1A, TNP1, TNP2, PRM1 and PRM2 genes was dete...
Assisted reproduction is the assistance provided to address infertility. All treatments of fertil... more Assisted reproduction is the assistance provided to address infertility. All treatments of fertility in which handling of both egg and embryo is done are included in “assisted reproductive techniques (ARTs).” In these techniques, eggs from woman’s ovaries are surgically removed and combined in vitro with sperm and embryo is ultimatly returned to the uterine cavity. ARTs therefore incorporate a wide range of procedures that are used to overcome natural barriers in fertilization by directly collecting and in vitro handling of human gametes and replacement of embryo into the uterus. In this chapter, the main focus will be on the steps of in vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryo transfer with normal reproductive physiology and factors predicting the success of IVF.
The difficulties encountered in surgical spermatozoa retrieval for intracytoplasmic sperm injecti... more The difficulties encountered in surgical spermatozoa retrieval for intracytoplasmic sperm injection procedure in azoospermic men have stressed the dire need for a robust biomarker for the prediction of spermatozoa retrieval. Data have highlighted the role of JMJD1A (Jumonji domain‐containing 1A), a histone H3K9 demethylase, and other nuclear proteins, protamines (PRM) and transition nuclear proteins (TNP), as biomarkers in male infertility.
JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 2019
OBJECTIVE To compare stress markers and reproductive hormones in fertile and infertile females, a... more OBJECTIVE To compare stress markers and reproductive hormones in fertile and infertile females, and to relate the markers with age, duration and cause of infertility, and body mass index.. METHODS The case-control study was conducted at Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, from March 2017 to February 2018. Females aged 16-50 years regardless of ethnic background were recruited from the Australian Concept Infertility Medical Centre, Karachi, and were equally divided into infertile cases group A, and fertile controls group B. Serum follicular stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, estradiol, glutathione reductase and cortisol were measured using enzyme-linked innmunosorbent assay. SPSS 19 was used for statistical analysis.. RESULTS There were 328 female subjects divided into two equal groups of 164(50%). Serum luteinizing hormone and cortisol was higher in the group A than in group B (p<0.001). Serum glutathione reductase was low in group A compared to group B (p<0.001). Du...
Background: serum level of amino-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, a cardiac hormone produ... more Background: serum level of amino-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, a cardiac hormone produced by the heart, is elevated in patients with left ventricular dysfunction. The purpose of this study was to compare the abilities of serum and pericardial fluid levels of amino-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide to detect the left ventricular systolic dysfunction determined by echocardiography. Methods: 50 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting were included in this study. Left ventricular systolic function was assessed using echocardiography before coronary artery bypass grafting. The samples of serum and pericardial fluid were collected during surgery, and amino-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide levels were assessed by an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. The log value of amino-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide concentrations was calculated. Results: the pericardial fluid levels of log amino-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide were significantly ...
JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 2019
OBJECTIVE This review aimed to determine the impact of exercise protocol among peripheral artery ... more OBJECTIVE This review aimed to determine the impact of exercise protocol among peripheral artery disease patients. Literature search was done from 2005 to 2018. METHODS Databases such as Google Scholar, Medline and PubMed was reconnoitred for the purpose of research articles by using key words like exercise training, peripheral artery disease, ankle brachial index, haemodynamic and atherosclerosis. Studies fulfilling the inclusion criteria were retrieved and encompassed in the present study. RESULTS The heterogeneity of the studies included in the analysis and the impact of exercise programmes on outcome measures were assessed by using hedge gstatistical model.Of the54 studies found, 9(16.6%) were analysed that suggest supervised and structured exercises programmes significantly improved (p<0.05) outcome variables. CONCLUSIONS Future randomized controlled trials related to the duration of exercises regimes are required in order to tailor the training programmes according to the n...
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