An Undergraduate of the Department of History and Archaeology of the University of Athens, she holds an MSc in Cultural Informatics and Cultural Management and a PhD in Classical Archaeology and Cultural Management . She has worked as a postgraduate researcher at the Institute of Mediterranean Studies of F.O.R.T.H. until 2003, while she was member of the coordination team of the “Digitization of the Collections of the Hellenic Ministry of Culture” during 2007-2008. Since 2004 she has been active in the field of Cultural Productions, initially as a production manager of musical ensembles, and since 2009 as a member of the Artistic Direction of Megaron - the Athens Concert Hall. She held the position of the Assistant to the Artistic Director and she was head of the Educational Programs until 2021. Currently she serves at the Directory of Letters-Hellenic Ministry of Culture.
Although there is significant evidence of habitation on Icaria since the prehistoric period, no s... more Although there is significant evidence of habitation on Icaria since the prehistoric period, no systematic research on the settlement pattern of the island has ever been contacted. Since the archaeological evidence does not clarify the reconstruction of ancient Icaria’s settlement pattern during Antiquity, it has been decided to use Geographic Information Systems as a tool for this rather challenging case study. The aim of this research is to combine data from the GIS and Remote Sensing analyses with archaeological and social facts, in order to create a predictive model for unknown settlement sites. The model is tested in the southwestern part of the island through a surface survey, which up to this date seems completely uninhabited. The specific Geographical Information System contains data in both vector and raster format. All data have been transformed in the same geodetic reference system, the Hellenic Geodetic Reference System 1987 (EGSA ’87), which is used by the National Cadastre of Greece. The Digital Elevation Model has derived from the digitization of 36 Greek Army Service topographical maps (scale 1:5000). Besides that, the sea-bed has been produced by digitizing isobaths and depth points from the natural resources map. Both of them have been used to visualize the image of the island. Additionally, by overlaying digitized plans of the excavated sites in 3D format, information about the landscape is gathered. The digital land use, natural resources and geological maps have been produced by digitizing the 1:50000 analog maps. The statistics, regarding the land use, vegetation and geology that apply to each settlement site, came up by the superimposition of the sub-cm GPS coordinates of the known archaeological sites. A multispectral and a panchromatic Landsat 7 image have been georeferenced into the Hellenic Georeference System 1987. So far true, false- and pseudo-color composites have been created, while supervised classification might indicate evidence of unknown archaeological sites. Slope, Aspect and Viewshed analyses have been conducted using the DEM and GPS coordinates of the sites. The fact that a large area in the western part of the island is not visible from any known site seems rather interesting, indicating that more unknown sites are yet to be found there. All data from the Geographical Information System are combined in a predictive model tested by a surface survey in the Southwestern part of Icaria island. The final product of this research, a digital operating system which will combine the database and the GIS and could easily be installed in user-friendly interface on the internet, can be used by the local authorities (municipalities and prefecture) and the Archaeological Service as a tool to protect and promote the Cultural Heritage of the island.
Ancient Mantineia, located in the centre of Peloponnese, Greece, consists of an almost 4Km in len... more Ancient Mantineia, located in the centre of Peloponnese, Greece, consists of an almost 4Km in length elliptical fortification wall containing 10 gates and 126 towers. Since the 19th century, a number of watchtowers have been located at the surrounding slopes of the Mantineian plain and the existence of a defensive network has been suggested. GIS analysis has been used specifically for studying the defensive network of the ancient settlement and its potential coverage. The gates of the fortification walls and the watchtowers were mapped through high precision GPS units. These data were superimposed on a DEM created by the digitization of 20m isolines, covering a region of 1000 Km2. Geological maps, aerial and SPOT satellite imagery were also incorporated to the GIS analysis. Viewshed analysis was performed in order to determine the extent and degree of intervisibility between the watchtowers situated in the nearby hills and mountains and the gates of the city walls. The data were correlated to the results of previous surface surveys that had located ancient roads and paths. Τhis way, a thematic map of the potential defensive region has been created, suggesting either possible gaps or candidate archaeological sites that may have been used to complete the defense system of the region. The results of the analysis were superimposed on a SPOT Panchromatic image drapped on the 3D DEM. Finally, a fly-over simulation in the area of interest was produced, serving as a visual verification of the above analysis.
Η αρχαία Μαντίνεια, που βρίσκεται στην Αρκαδία της Πελοποννήσου, περιβάλλεται από ένα ελλειπτικό αμυντικό τείχος, περιμέτρου περίπου τεσσάρων χιλιομέτρων, το οποίο περιέχει δέκα πύλες και περίπου εκατόν είκοσι έξι πύργους. Ήδη από τον 19ο αιώνα ερευνητές και περιηγητές έχουν εντοπίσει σε περιβάλλοντες της Μαντινικής λόφους αρκετά φυλακεία, η παρουσία των οποίων συνιστά την ύπαρξη αμυντικού δικτύου στην περιοχή. Για τη διερεύνηση αυτού του αμυντικού δικτύου χρησιμοποιήθηκε η τεχνολογία των Γεωγραφικών Συστημάτων Πληροφοριών (Geographic Information Systems GIS). Αποτυπώθηκαν οι ακριβείς θέσεις των πυλών των τειχών και των φυλακείων, χρησιμοποιώντας μονάδες παγκόσμιου γεωδαιτικού εντοπισμού GPS. Τα δεδομένα αυτά, μαζί με ψηφιοποιημένες αρχαιολογικές θέσεις που προήλθαν από επιφανειακές έρευνες στην περιοχή, τοποθετήθηκαν πάνω στο ψηφιακό μοντέλο εδάφους, το οποίο δημιουργήθηκε από ψηφιοποιημένες ισοϋψείς ανά 20μ. Το ψηφιακό μοντέλο εδάφους κάλυψε μια περιοχή περίπου 1000 τχλμ., ενώ για την ίδια περιοχή κατασκευάστηκε ψηφιακός γεωλογικός χάρτης. Χρησιμοποιήθηκαν επίσης αεροφωτογραφίες και δορυφορικές εικόνες της περιοχής. Με σκοπό τον καθορισμό των ορίων της ορατότητας πυλών και φυλακείων και την οπτική επαφή ανάμεσά τους διενεργήθηκε η ανάλυση ορατότητας (viewshed analysis), τα αποτελέσματα της οποίας συσχετίστηκαν με αποτελέσματα προηγούμενων επιφανειακών ερευνών, που είχαν εντοπίσει αρχαία οδικά περάσματα στην περιοχή. Στη συνέχεια δημιουργήθηκε θεματικός χάρτης με τη συνολική περιοχή κάλυψης της ορατότητας των αμυντικών κατασκευών, ο οποίος υποδεικνύει πιθανά κενά ή υποψήφιες αρχαιολογικές θέσεις που θα μπορούσαν να έχουν χρησιμοποιηθεί για να συμπληρώνουν το υπάρχον αμυντικό δίκτυο. Όλα τα δεδομένα τοποθετήθηκαν πάνω στην παγχρωματική δορυφορική εικόνα του SPOT, η οποία είχε με τη σειρά της υπερτεθεί στο τρισδιάστατο μοντέλο εδάφους της περιοχής. Τέλος κατασκευάστηκε η εξομοίωση μιας πτήσης πάνω από την περιοχή ενδιαφέροντος, ώστε να επιβεβαιωθεί η ανάλυση ορατότητας.
Abstract. The known history of the Old Town of Rethymno, Crete goes back to the Venetian period. ... more Abstract. The known history of the Old Town of Rethymno, Crete goes back to the Venetian period. From the beginning of the 20th century a number of construction interventions changed the appearance of several buildings of the town. Recently the Municipality of Rethmnon has created a special department for monitoring the numerous development works within the old town. In collaboration with the abovementioned department, the Institute for Mediterranean Studies – F.O.R.T.H. has developed a relational database and a Geographical Information System for the documentation, protection and preservation of the buildings of the Old Town of Rethymno. The final product can be used by the Municipality of Rethymno, the local Department of Antiquities and individual researchers and it can be considered as a pilot system for the management of the cultural resources of the historical centers within an urban environ-ment.
Magnetometers, multi-frequency electromagnetic induction sensors, multi-point electrical resistiv... more Magnetometers, multi-frequency electromagnetic induction sensors, multi-point electrical resistivity prospecting instruments and ground-penetrating radar have been employed jointly during 1992 and 1998 in Shangqiu area, northern China, an archaeologically important region of investigating the origin of Shang civilization. The study was supported as part of the collaborative projects" Archaeological Investigation of Early Shang Civilization in China" between Harvard University's Peabody Museum and the ...
Proceedings of the 9th International Congress of Cretan Studies–Πεπραγµένα του Θ’∆ ιεθνούς Κρητολογικού Συνεδρίου, Oct 1, 2001
Peak sanctuaries are distributed unevenly over the island of Crete. They date from the end of the... more Peak sanctuaries are distributed unevenly over the island of Crete. They date from the end of the Early Minoan period to the beginning of the Second Palace Period, and can be found on or close to mountain peaks. They were identified as sanctuaries because of the cult related finds that were found or excavated at their location.
Proceedings of the CAA2002 International Conference: Computer Applications and Quantitative Methods in Archaeology. The Digital Heritage of Archaeology, 2003
Abstract. Zhouyuan, the ancient capital of China (B. C1100 to BC 700), is located at the center o... more Abstract. Zhouyuan, the ancient capital of China (B. C1100 to BC 700), is located at the center of Shaanxi province, covered by farmlands and some modern villages. The continuing archaeological investigations discovered some palace foundations, storage pits and some small tombs, while recent efforts have been focused on locating the foundations of the city walls and the royal tombs. Satellite remote sensing (Landsat TM imagery), aerial photographs and GIS techniques were employed by archaeological research for detection ...
Within the broad spectrum of Minoan site types, one group stands out for its specific topographic... more Within the broad spectrum of Minoan site types, one group stands out for its specific topographical location: the peak sanctuaries. Peak sanctuaries are characterized by their closeness to mountain peaks (Fig. 1) and a specific cult apparatus (RUTKOWSKI 1988, 73-98; PEATFIELD 1990, 117-119; NOWICKI 1994, 33-35). Most commonly found are animal and human figurines, pottery and often a pebble scatter. The peak sanctuary can also display ash layers, architectural remains, bronze, and Linear A inscriptions, which are characteristic for the peak ...
The ancient city of Lefkas, opposite the Acarnanian coast, was inhabited from the early times and... more The ancient city of Lefkas, opposite the Acarnanian coast, was inhabited from the early times and constituted one of the basic colonies of the Corinthians. The ancient city, following a Hippodamian system, expanded between the borders of the modern settlements Kalligoni and Karyotes, from the slopes of Koulmos, where some (possibly) ritual buildings and the remains of the theatre have been found, towards the coast. Parts of the city were revealed through excavations of the German Archaeological Institute at the beginning of the century and more recently by the Greek Archaeological Service. Geophysical investigations employed vertical magnetic gradient and soil resistance mapping techniques. Processing of the geophysical data Identified a number of characteristics of the ancient city plan: parallel and vertical streets, forming large building blocks, drainage pipes running to the sides of the roads, architectural remains, kilns and wall relics within the building blocks, etc. Further...
Icaria, an island located in the Eastern Aegean Sea, on the path from Cyclades to Asia Minor, has... more Icaria, an island located in the Eastern Aegean Sea, on the path from Cyclades to Asia Minor, has always been among important civilizations. Thus, the presence of human activity on the island during the entire Antiquity should be con sidered as a fact. However, until today, archeological finds on the island remain scant, for various reasons, in a way that the ancient environment can’t be reconstructed. In addition to that, there are only a few literature sources mentioning information about the area. Given the aforementioned facts, this PhD project deals with the reconstruction of ancient Icaria’s settlement pattern, using GIS analyses and predictive modelling. The aim of this paper is to present the techniques (Digitization, GPS survey, Remote Sensing, Database construction), that have been used in producing the topographical background and the analyses that have been performed until now, in order to collect the data, which are needed for the predictive modeling. Results from the p...
Although there is significant evidence of habitation on Icaria since the prehistoric period, no s... more Although there is significant evidence of habitation on Icaria since the prehistoric period, no systematic research on the settlement pattern of the island has ever been contacted. Since the archaeological evidence does not clarify the reconstruction of ancient Icaria’s settlement pattern during Antiquity, it has been decided to use Geographic Information Systems as a tool for this rather challenging case study. The aim of this research is to combine data from the GIS and Remote Sensing analyses with archaeological and social facts, in order to create a predictive model for unknown settlement sites. The model is tested in the southwestern part of the island through a surface survey, which up to this date seems completely uninhabited. The specific Geographical Information System contains data in both vector and raster format. All data have been transformed in the same geodetic reference system, the Hellenic Geodetic Reference System 1987 (EGSA ’87), which is used by the National Cadastre of Greece. The Digital Elevation Model has derived from the digitization of 36 Greek Army Service topographical maps (scale 1:5000). Besides that, the sea-bed has been produced by digitizing isobaths and depth points from the natural resources map. Both of them have been used to visualize the image of the island. Additionally, by overlaying digitized plans of the excavated sites in 3D format, information about the landscape is gathered. The digital land use, natural resources and geological maps have been produced by digitizing the 1:50000 analog maps. The statistics, regarding the land use, vegetation and geology that apply to each settlement site, came up by the superimposition of the sub-cm GPS coordinates of the known archaeological sites. A multispectral and a panchromatic Landsat 7 image have been georeferenced into the Hellenic Georeference System 1987. So far true, false- and pseudo-color composites have been created, while supervised classification might indicate evidence of unknown archaeological sites. Slope, Aspect and Viewshed analyses have been conducted using the DEM and GPS coordinates of the sites. The fact that a large area in the western part of the island is not visible from any known site seems rather interesting, indicating that more unknown sites are yet to be found there. All data from the Geographical Information System are combined in a predictive model tested by a surface survey in the Southwestern part of Icaria island. The final product of this research, a digital operating system which will combine the database and the GIS and could easily be installed in user-friendly interface on the internet, can be used by the local authorities (municipalities and prefecture) and the Archaeological Service as a tool to protect and promote the Cultural Heritage of the island.
Ancient Mantineia, located in the centre of Peloponnese, Greece, consists of an almost 4Km in len... more Ancient Mantineia, located in the centre of Peloponnese, Greece, consists of an almost 4Km in length elliptical fortification wall containing 10 gates and 126 towers. Since the 19th century, a number of watchtowers have been located at the surrounding slopes of the Mantineian plain and the existence of a defensive network has been suggested. GIS analysis has been used specifically for studying the defensive network of the ancient settlement and its potential coverage. The gates of the fortification walls and the watchtowers were mapped through high precision GPS units. These data were superimposed on a DEM created by the digitization of 20m isolines, covering a region of 1000 Km2. Geological maps, aerial and SPOT satellite imagery were also incorporated to the GIS analysis. Viewshed analysis was performed in order to determine the extent and degree of intervisibility between the watchtowers situated in the nearby hills and mountains and the gates of the city walls. The data were correlated to the results of previous surface surveys that had located ancient roads and paths. Τhis way, a thematic map of the potential defensive region has been created, suggesting either possible gaps or candidate archaeological sites that may have been used to complete the defense system of the region. The results of the analysis were superimposed on a SPOT Panchromatic image drapped on the 3D DEM. Finally, a fly-over simulation in the area of interest was produced, serving as a visual verification of the above analysis.
Η αρχαία Μαντίνεια, που βρίσκεται στην Αρκαδία της Πελοποννήσου, περιβάλλεται από ένα ελλειπτικό αμυντικό τείχος, περιμέτρου περίπου τεσσάρων χιλιομέτρων, το οποίο περιέχει δέκα πύλες και περίπου εκατόν είκοσι έξι πύργους. Ήδη από τον 19ο αιώνα ερευνητές και περιηγητές έχουν εντοπίσει σε περιβάλλοντες της Μαντινικής λόφους αρκετά φυλακεία, η παρουσία των οποίων συνιστά την ύπαρξη αμυντικού δικτύου στην περιοχή. Για τη διερεύνηση αυτού του αμυντικού δικτύου χρησιμοποιήθηκε η τεχνολογία των Γεωγραφικών Συστημάτων Πληροφοριών (Geographic Information Systems GIS). Αποτυπώθηκαν οι ακριβείς θέσεις των πυλών των τειχών και των φυλακείων, χρησιμοποιώντας μονάδες παγκόσμιου γεωδαιτικού εντοπισμού GPS. Τα δεδομένα αυτά, μαζί με ψηφιοποιημένες αρχαιολογικές θέσεις που προήλθαν από επιφανειακές έρευνες στην περιοχή, τοποθετήθηκαν πάνω στο ψηφιακό μοντέλο εδάφους, το οποίο δημιουργήθηκε από ψηφιοποιημένες ισοϋψείς ανά 20μ. Το ψηφιακό μοντέλο εδάφους κάλυψε μια περιοχή περίπου 1000 τχλμ., ενώ για την ίδια περιοχή κατασκευάστηκε ψηφιακός γεωλογικός χάρτης. Χρησιμοποιήθηκαν επίσης αεροφωτογραφίες και δορυφορικές εικόνες της περιοχής. Με σκοπό τον καθορισμό των ορίων της ορατότητας πυλών και φυλακείων και την οπτική επαφή ανάμεσά τους διενεργήθηκε η ανάλυση ορατότητας (viewshed analysis), τα αποτελέσματα της οποίας συσχετίστηκαν με αποτελέσματα προηγούμενων επιφανειακών ερευνών, που είχαν εντοπίσει αρχαία οδικά περάσματα στην περιοχή. Στη συνέχεια δημιουργήθηκε θεματικός χάρτης με τη συνολική περιοχή κάλυψης της ορατότητας των αμυντικών κατασκευών, ο οποίος υποδεικνύει πιθανά κενά ή υποψήφιες αρχαιολογικές θέσεις που θα μπορούσαν να έχουν χρησιμοποιηθεί για να συμπληρώνουν το υπάρχον αμυντικό δίκτυο. Όλα τα δεδομένα τοποθετήθηκαν πάνω στην παγχρωματική δορυφορική εικόνα του SPOT, η οποία είχε με τη σειρά της υπερτεθεί στο τρισδιάστατο μοντέλο εδάφους της περιοχής. Τέλος κατασκευάστηκε η εξομοίωση μιας πτήσης πάνω από την περιοχή ενδιαφέροντος, ώστε να επιβεβαιωθεί η ανάλυση ορατότητας.
Abstract. The known history of the Old Town of Rethymno, Crete goes back to the Venetian period. ... more Abstract. The known history of the Old Town of Rethymno, Crete goes back to the Venetian period. From the beginning of the 20th century a number of construction interventions changed the appearance of several buildings of the town. Recently the Municipality of Rethmnon has created a special department for monitoring the numerous development works within the old town. In collaboration with the abovementioned department, the Institute for Mediterranean Studies – F.O.R.T.H. has developed a relational database and a Geographical Information System for the documentation, protection and preservation of the buildings of the Old Town of Rethymno. The final product can be used by the Municipality of Rethymno, the local Department of Antiquities and individual researchers and it can be considered as a pilot system for the management of the cultural resources of the historical centers within an urban environ-ment.
Magnetometers, multi-frequency electromagnetic induction sensors, multi-point electrical resistiv... more Magnetometers, multi-frequency electromagnetic induction sensors, multi-point electrical resistivity prospecting instruments and ground-penetrating radar have been employed jointly during 1992 and 1998 in Shangqiu area, northern China, an archaeologically important region of investigating the origin of Shang civilization. The study was supported as part of the collaborative projects" Archaeological Investigation of Early Shang Civilization in China" between Harvard University's Peabody Museum and the ...
Proceedings of the 9th International Congress of Cretan Studies–Πεπραγµένα του Θ’∆ ιεθνούς Κρητολογικού Συνεδρίου, Oct 1, 2001
Peak sanctuaries are distributed unevenly over the island of Crete. They date from the end of the... more Peak sanctuaries are distributed unevenly over the island of Crete. They date from the end of the Early Minoan period to the beginning of the Second Palace Period, and can be found on or close to mountain peaks. They were identified as sanctuaries because of the cult related finds that were found or excavated at their location.
Proceedings of the CAA2002 International Conference: Computer Applications and Quantitative Methods in Archaeology. The Digital Heritage of Archaeology, 2003
Abstract. Zhouyuan, the ancient capital of China (B. C1100 to BC 700), is located at the center o... more Abstract. Zhouyuan, the ancient capital of China (B. C1100 to BC 700), is located at the center of Shaanxi province, covered by farmlands and some modern villages. The continuing archaeological investigations discovered some palace foundations, storage pits and some small tombs, while recent efforts have been focused on locating the foundations of the city walls and the royal tombs. Satellite remote sensing (Landsat TM imagery), aerial photographs and GIS techniques were employed by archaeological research for detection ...
Within the broad spectrum of Minoan site types, one group stands out for its specific topographic... more Within the broad spectrum of Minoan site types, one group stands out for its specific topographical location: the peak sanctuaries. Peak sanctuaries are characterized by their closeness to mountain peaks (Fig. 1) and a specific cult apparatus (RUTKOWSKI 1988, 73-98; PEATFIELD 1990, 117-119; NOWICKI 1994, 33-35). Most commonly found are animal and human figurines, pottery and often a pebble scatter. The peak sanctuary can also display ash layers, architectural remains, bronze, and Linear A inscriptions, which are characteristic for the peak ...
The ancient city of Lefkas, opposite the Acarnanian coast, was inhabited from the early times and... more The ancient city of Lefkas, opposite the Acarnanian coast, was inhabited from the early times and constituted one of the basic colonies of the Corinthians. The ancient city, following a Hippodamian system, expanded between the borders of the modern settlements Kalligoni and Karyotes, from the slopes of Koulmos, where some (possibly) ritual buildings and the remains of the theatre have been found, towards the coast. Parts of the city were revealed through excavations of the German Archaeological Institute at the beginning of the century and more recently by the Greek Archaeological Service. Geophysical investigations employed vertical magnetic gradient and soil resistance mapping techniques. Processing of the geophysical data Identified a number of characteristics of the ancient city plan: parallel and vertical streets, forming large building blocks, drainage pipes running to the sides of the roads, architectural remains, kilns and wall relics within the building blocks, etc. Further...
Icaria, an island located in the Eastern Aegean Sea, on the path from Cyclades to Asia Minor, has... more Icaria, an island located in the Eastern Aegean Sea, on the path from Cyclades to Asia Minor, has always been among important civilizations. Thus, the presence of human activity on the island during the entire Antiquity should be con sidered as a fact. However, until today, archeological finds on the island remain scant, for various reasons, in a way that the ancient environment can’t be reconstructed. In addition to that, there are only a few literature sources mentioning information about the area. Given the aforementioned facts, this PhD project deals with the reconstruction of ancient Icaria’s settlement pattern, using GIS analyses and predictive modelling. The aim of this paper is to present the techniques (Digitization, GPS survey, Remote Sensing, Database construction), that have been used in producing the topographical background and the analyses that have been performed until now, in order to collect the data, which are needed for the predictive modeling. Results from the p...
Abstract Magnetometers, multi-frequency electromagnetic induction sensors, multi-point electrical... more Abstract Magnetometers, multi-frequency electromagnetic induction sensors, multi-point electrical resistivity prospecting instruments and ground-penetrating radar have been employed jointly during 1992 and 1998 in Shangqiu area, northern China, an archaeologically important region of investigating the origin of Shang civilization.
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Η αρχαία Μαντίνεια, που βρίσκεται στην Αρκαδία της Πελοποννήσου, περιβάλλεται από ένα ελλειπτικό αμυντικό τείχος, περιμέτρου περίπου τεσσάρων χιλιομέτρων, το οποίο περιέχει δέκα πύλες και περίπου εκατόν είκοσι έξι πύργους. Ήδη από τον 19ο αιώνα ερευνητές και περιηγητές έχουν εντοπίσει σε περιβάλλοντες της Μαντινικής λόφους αρκετά φυλακεία, η παρουσία των οποίων συνιστά την ύπαρξη αμυντικού δικτύου στην περιοχή. Για τη διερεύνηση αυτού του αμυντικού δικτύου χρησιμοποιήθηκε η τεχνολογία των Γεωγραφικών Συστημάτων Πληροφοριών (Geographic Information Systems GIS). Αποτυπώθηκαν οι ακριβείς θέσεις των πυλών των τειχών και των φυλακείων, χρησιμοποιώντας μονάδες παγκόσμιου γεωδαιτικού εντοπισμού GPS. Τα δεδομένα αυτά, μαζί με ψηφιοποιημένες αρχαιολογικές θέσεις που προήλθαν από επιφανειακές έρευνες στην περιοχή, τοποθετήθηκαν πάνω στο ψηφιακό μοντέλο εδάφους, το οποίο δημιουργήθηκε από ψηφιοποιημένες ισοϋψείς ανά 20μ. Το ψηφιακό μοντέλο εδάφους κάλυψε μια περιοχή περίπου 1000 τχλμ., ενώ για την ίδια περιοχή κατασκευάστηκε ψηφιακός γεωλογικός χάρτης. Χρησιμοποιήθηκαν επίσης αεροφωτογραφίες και δορυφορικές εικόνες της περιοχής. Με σκοπό τον καθορισμό των ορίων της ορατότητας πυλών και φυλακείων και την οπτική επαφή ανάμεσά τους διενεργήθηκε η ανάλυση ορατότητας (viewshed analysis), τα αποτελέσματα της οποίας συσχετίστηκαν με αποτελέσματα προηγούμενων επιφανειακών ερευνών, που είχαν εντοπίσει αρχαία οδικά περάσματα στην περιοχή. Στη συνέχεια δημιουργήθηκε θεματικός χάρτης με τη συνολική περιοχή κάλυψης της ορατότητας των αμυντικών κατασκευών, ο οποίος υποδεικνύει πιθανά κενά ή υποψήφιες αρχαιολογικές θέσεις που θα μπορούσαν να έχουν χρησιμοποιηθεί για να συμπληρώνουν το υπάρχον αμυντικό δίκτυο. Όλα τα δεδομένα τοποθετήθηκαν πάνω στην παγχρωματική δορυφορική εικόνα του SPOT, η οποία είχε με τη σειρά της υπερτεθεί στο τρισδιάστατο μοντέλο εδάφους της περιοχής. Τέλος κατασκευάστηκε η εξομοίωση μιας πτήσης πάνω από την περιοχή ενδιαφέροντος, ώστε να επιβεβαιωθεί η ανάλυση ορατότητας.
Η αρχαία Μαντίνεια, που βρίσκεται στην Αρκαδία της Πελοποννήσου, περιβάλλεται από ένα ελλειπτικό αμυντικό τείχος, περιμέτρου περίπου τεσσάρων χιλιομέτρων, το οποίο περιέχει δέκα πύλες και περίπου εκατόν είκοσι έξι πύργους. Ήδη από τον 19ο αιώνα ερευνητές και περιηγητές έχουν εντοπίσει σε περιβάλλοντες της Μαντινικής λόφους αρκετά φυλακεία, η παρουσία των οποίων συνιστά την ύπαρξη αμυντικού δικτύου στην περιοχή. Για τη διερεύνηση αυτού του αμυντικού δικτύου χρησιμοποιήθηκε η τεχνολογία των Γεωγραφικών Συστημάτων Πληροφοριών (Geographic Information Systems GIS). Αποτυπώθηκαν οι ακριβείς θέσεις των πυλών των τειχών και των φυλακείων, χρησιμοποιώντας μονάδες παγκόσμιου γεωδαιτικού εντοπισμού GPS. Τα δεδομένα αυτά, μαζί με ψηφιοποιημένες αρχαιολογικές θέσεις που προήλθαν από επιφανειακές έρευνες στην περιοχή, τοποθετήθηκαν πάνω στο ψηφιακό μοντέλο εδάφους, το οποίο δημιουργήθηκε από ψηφιοποιημένες ισοϋψείς ανά 20μ. Το ψηφιακό μοντέλο εδάφους κάλυψε μια περιοχή περίπου 1000 τχλμ., ενώ για την ίδια περιοχή κατασκευάστηκε ψηφιακός γεωλογικός χάρτης. Χρησιμοποιήθηκαν επίσης αεροφωτογραφίες και δορυφορικές εικόνες της περιοχής. Με σκοπό τον καθορισμό των ορίων της ορατότητας πυλών και φυλακείων και την οπτική επαφή ανάμεσά τους διενεργήθηκε η ανάλυση ορατότητας (viewshed analysis), τα αποτελέσματα της οποίας συσχετίστηκαν με αποτελέσματα προηγούμενων επιφανειακών ερευνών, που είχαν εντοπίσει αρχαία οδικά περάσματα στην περιοχή. Στη συνέχεια δημιουργήθηκε θεματικός χάρτης με τη συνολική περιοχή κάλυψης της ορατότητας των αμυντικών κατασκευών, ο οποίος υποδεικνύει πιθανά κενά ή υποψήφιες αρχαιολογικές θέσεις που θα μπορούσαν να έχουν χρησιμοποιηθεί για να συμπληρώνουν το υπάρχον αμυντικό δίκτυο. Όλα τα δεδομένα τοποθετήθηκαν πάνω στην παγχρωματική δορυφορική εικόνα του SPOT, η οποία είχε με τη σειρά της υπερτεθεί στο τρισδιάστατο μοντέλο εδάφους της περιοχής. Τέλος κατασκευάστηκε η εξομοίωση μιας πτήσης πάνω από την περιοχή ενδιαφέροντος, ώστε να επιβεβαιωθεί η ανάλυση ορατότητας.