ABSTRACT: The serial communication is very commonly used communication protocol between various p... more ABSTRACT: The serial communication is very commonly used communication protocol between various peripherals and processor. The current trend is all high speed buses are built with serial communication interface. As the key processing equipment of comprehensive task processing system, Mission management computer needs to crosslink with various equipments and the types of communication interface are different, a serial communication interface based on FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) has been designed in this project used for data communication with other equipment. It guarantees the realization of the serial communication function under the condition of without any increasing in hardware resources. The Xilinx Micro Blaze soft processor and PowerPC hard processor are widely used in FPGA based CSOC (configurable system on chip) applications. These processers do not have programmable serial links for interfacing with embedded peripherals which are mostly off chip. In this project it...
Power utilization is the significant worry in our daily life. It is assessed that normal power ut... more Power utilization is the significant worry in our daily life. It is assessed that normal power utilization of family apparatuses is 90 units (kWh) per month in India. All gadgets are worked by taking power. It has to shrewd screen power and diminish the measure of utilization. Brilliant screen which computes the electrical boundaries, for example, voltage and power at that point therefore power devoured by the devices. So, it can get away from of the gadgets taken a tremendous part in power utilization. WSN senses and records the physical changes in environment. The essential idea of WSN is the devices are not associated truly. The gathered data is given to the devices which are kept to certain territory. In this paper IOT is utilized alongside WSN with the goal that the framework can get to the devices from any place. A smart energy management system can contribute towards reducing the expenses and still satisfy the demands. This framework additionally gives adaptability in activ...
Multiple Input Multiple Outputs MIMO; Space-Time Coding (STC) improves the BER by adding diversit... more Multiple Input Multiple Outputs MIMO; Space-Time Coding (STC) improves the BER by adding diversity in the presence of a channel fading. The V-BLAST and D-BLAST techniques are designed to improve the data rate. The performance of these techniques is highly dependent on the MIMO channel environment. Space-time block coded spatial modulation (STBC-SM) combine’s spatial modulation (SM) and space-time block coding (STBC) to take advantage of the benefits of both. In the STBC-SM scheme, the transmitted information symbols are expanded not only to the space and time domains but also to the spatial (antenna) domain which corresponds to the on/off status of the transmit antennas available at the space domain, and therefore high spectral efficiency along with diversity advantage of STBC. The performance of the STBC-SM, V-BLAST and D-BLAST are compared at high and low SNR environment. It is observed that STBC-SM performs better than V-BLAST and D-BLAST but with more decoding complexity.
Neighbor discovery is an important task in wireless networks, and especially in sensor networks. ... more Neighbor discovery is an important task in wireless networks, and especially in sensor networks. Neighbor information can be used to improve routing, clustering and scheduling algorithms. A sensor network may contain a huge number of simple sensor nodes that are deployed at some inspected t site. In large areas, such a network usually has a mesh structure. In this case, some of the sensor nodes act as routers, forwarding messages from one of their neighbors to another. The nodes are configured to turn their communication hardware on and off to minimize energy consumption. Therefore, in order for two neighboring sensors to communicate, both must be in active mode. In the sensor network model considered in this paper, the nodes are placed randomly over the area of interest and their first step is to detect their immediate neighbors - the nodes with which they have a direct wireless communication - and to establish routes to the gateway. In networks with incessantly heavy traffic, the ...
Orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) and multicarrier code division multiple acc... more Orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) and multicarrier code division multiple access (MCCDMA) have recently drawn much attention for being potential candidates of future generation cellular systems. In single-cell scenario, while MC-CDMA is good at achieving frequency diversity when there is no channel state information available at the transmit side (CSIT), OFDMA achieves higher capacity than MC-CDMA due to its finer resolution in exploiting multiuser diversity with CSIT. Whether multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) MC-CDMA or OFDMA is a better option in multi-cell system remains unjustified in the literature. In this paper, we, study the ergodic capacity and the goodput of MIMO-MC-CDMA and MIMO-OFDMA downlink systems with CSIT in multi-cell scenario assuming that the base station has the knowledge of the average inter-cell interference level only. Compared to MC-CDMA, the goodput of an OFDMA system is more sensitive to the activity factor of the voice users and su...
The very high data rates envisioned for fourth generation (4G) wireless systems in reasonably lar... more The very high data rates envisioned for fourth generation (4G) wireless systems in reasonably large areas do not appear to be feasible with the conventional cellular architecture due to two basic reasons. First, the transmission rates envisioned for 4G systems are two orders of magnitude higher than those of 3G systems. This demand creates serious power concerns. Second, the spectrum that will be released for 4G systems will almost certainly be located well above the 2 GHz band used by the 3G systems. The radio propagation in these bands is significantly more vulnerable to non lineof-sight conditions, which is the typical mode of operation in today’s urban cellular communications. The brute force solution to these two problems is to significantly increase the density of base stations, resulting in considerably higher deployment costs. So to reach these requirements more fundamental enhancements are necessary for the very ambitious throughput and coverage of future systems. It presen...
In this paper, we propose a new sharpness enhancement algorithm for stereo images. Although the s... more In this paper, we propose a new sharpness enhancement algorithm for stereo images. Although the stereo image and its applications are becoming increasingly prevalent, there has been very limited research on specialized image enhancement solutions for stereo images. Recently, a binocular just-noticeable-difference (BJND) model that describes the sensitivity of the human visual system to luminance changes in stereo images has been presented. We introduce a novel application of the BJND model for the sharpness enhancement of stereo images. To this end, an over enhancement problem in the sharpness enhancement of stereo images is newly addressed, and an efficient solution for reducing the over enhancement is proposed. The solution is found within an optimization framework with additional constraint terms to suppress the unnecessary increase in luminance values. In addition, the reliability of the BJND model is taken into account by estimating the accuracy of stereo matching. Experimental...
ABSTRACT: The serial communication is very commonly used communication protocol between various p... more ABSTRACT: The serial communication is very commonly used communication protocol between various peripherals and processor. The current trend is all high speed buses are built with serial communication interface. As the key processing equipment of comprehensive task processing system, Mission management computer needs to crosslink with various equipments and the types of communication interface are different, a serial communication interface based on FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) has been designed in this project used for data communication with other equipment. It guarantees the realization of the serial communication function under the condition of without any increasing in hardware resources. The Xilinx Micro Blaze soft processor and PowerPC hard processor are widely used in FPGA based CSOC (configurable system on chip) applications. These processers do not have programmable serial links for interfacing with embedded peripherals which are mostly off chip. In this project it...
Power utilization is the significant worry in our daily life. It is assessed that normal power ut... more Power utilization is the significant worry in our daily life. It is assessed that normal power utilization of family apparatuses is 90 units (kWh) per month in India. All gadgets are worked by taking power. It has to shrewd screen power and diminish the measure of utilization. Brilliant screen which computes the electrical boundaries, for example, voltage and power at that point therefore power devoured by the devices. So, it can get away from of the gadgets taken a tremendous part in power utilization. WSN senses and records the physical changes in environment. The essential idea of WSN is the devices are not associated truly. The gathered data is given to the devices which are kept to certain territory. In this paper IOT is utilized alongside WSN with the goal that the framework can get to the devices from any place. A smart energy management system can contribute towards reducing the expenses and still satisfy the demands. This framework additionally gives adaptability in activ...
Multiple Input Multiple Outputs MIMO; Space-Time Coding (STC) improves the BER by adding diversit... more Multiple Input Multiple Outputs MIMO; Space-Time Coding (STC) improves the BER by adding diversity in the presence of a channel fading. The V-BLAST and D-BLAST techniques are designed to improve the data rate. The performance of these techniques is highly dependent on the MIMO channel environment. Space-time block coded spatial modulation (STBC-SM) combine’s spatial modulation (SM) and space-time block coding (STBC) to take advantage of the benefits of both. In the STBC-SM scheme, the transmitted information symbols are expanded not only to the space and time domains but also to the spatial (antenna) domain which corresponds to the on/off status of the transmit antennas available at the space domain, and therefore high spectral efficiency along with diversity advantage of STBC. The performance of the STBC-SM, V-BLAST and D-BLAST are compared at high and low SNR environment. It is observed that STBC-SM performs better than V-BLAST and D-BLAST but with more decoding complexity.
Neighbor discovery is an important task in wireless networks, and especially in sensor networks. ... more Neighbor discovery is an important task in wireless networks, and especially in sensor networks. Neighbor information can be used to improve routing, clustering and scheduling algorithms. A sensor network may contain a huge number of simple sensor nodes that are deployed at some inspected t site. In large areas, such a network usually has a mesh structure. In this case, some of the sensor nodes act as routers, forwarding messages from one of their neighbors to another. The nodes are configured to turn their communication hardware on and off to minimize energy consumption. Therefore, in order for two neighboring sensors to communicate, both must be in active mode. In the sensor network model considered in this paper, the nodes are placed randomly over the area of interest and their first step is to detect their immediate neighbors - the nodes with which they have a direct wireless communication - and to establish routes to the gateway. In networks with incessantly heavy traffic, the ...
Orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) and multicarrier code division multiple acc... more Orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) and multicarrier code division multiple access (MCCDMA) have recently drawn much attention for being potential candidates of future generation cellular systems. In single-cell scenario, while MC-CDMA is good at achieving frequency diversity when there is no channel state information available at the transmit side (CSIT), OFDMA achieves higher capacity than MC-CDMA due to its finer resolution in exploiting multiuser diversity with CSIT. Whether multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) MC-CDMA or OFDMA is a better option in multi-cell system remains unjustified in the literature. In this paper, we, study the ergodic capacity and the goodput of MIMO-MC-CDMA and MIMO-OFDMA downlink systems with CSIT in multi-cell scenario assuming that the base station has the knowledge of the average inter-cell interference level only. Compared to MC-CDMA, the goodput of an OFDMA system is more sensitive to the activity factor of the voice users and su...
The very high data rates envisioned for fourth generation (4G) wireless systems in reasonably lar... more The very high data rates envisioned for fourth generation (4G) wireless systems in reasonably large areas do not appear to be feasible with the conventional cellular architecture due to two basic reasons. First, the transmission rates envisioned for 4G systems are two orders of magnitude higher than those of 3G systems. This demand creates serious power concerns. Second, the spectrum that will be released for 4G systems will almost certainly be located well above the 2 GHz band used by the 3G systems. The radio propagation in these bands is significantly more vulnerable to non lineof-sight conditions, which is the typical mode of operation in today’s urban cellular communications. The brute force solution to these two problems is to significantly increase the density of base stations, resulting in considerably higher deployment costs. So to reach these requirements more fundamental enhancements are necessary for the very ambitious throughput and coverage of future systems. It presen...
In this paper, we propose a new sharpness enhancement algorithm for stereo images. Although the s... more In this paper, we propose a new sharpness enhancement algorithm for stereo images. Although the stereo image and its applications are becoming increasingly prevalent, there has been very limited research on specialized image enhancement solutions for stereo images. Recently, a binocular just-noticeable-difference (BJND) model that describes the sensitivity of the human visual system to luminance changes in stereo images has been presented. We introduce a novel application of the BJND model for the sharpness enhancement of stereo images. To this end, an over enhancement problem in the sharpness enhancement of stereo images is newly addressed, and an efficient solution for reducing the over enhancement is proposed. The solution is found within an optimization framework with additional constraint terms to suppress the unnecessary increase in luminance values. In addition, the reliability of the BJND model is taken into account by estimating the accuracy of stereo matching. Experimental...
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