Крым в сарматскую эпоху (II в. до н. э. – IV в. н. э.). IX, 2023
This paper addresses the glass vessels decorated with blue drop applications (the Nuppengläser gr... more This paper addresses the glass vessels decorated with blue drop applications (the Nuppengläser group), which became widespread at the final stage of the Antiquity in the Roman Empire and its periphery. In the Northern Black Sea Area, the glass vessels decorated with blue glass drops probably appeared at no late than the mid-fourth century AD, according to the finds from the barbarian cemeteries in the Sub-Mountainous Crimea.
Исторические, культурные, межнациональные, религиозные и политические связи Крыма со Средиземноморским регионом и странами Востока: Материалы VII Международной научной конференции в 2 т. - Т. 2. - М.: ИВ РАН. - С. 186-189 , 2023
Крым в сарматскую эпоху (II в. до н. э. – IV в. н. э.). VIII / Отв. ред. И. Н. Храпунов. Севастополь: Альбатрос. - С. 325–332., 2022
The article discusses glass vessels decorated with spiral ribbing and featuring the specific tech... more The article discusses glass vessels decorated with spiral ribbing and featuring the specific technique of mould-blowing and later free-blowing with winding. Two jugs and a goblet were found in the cemetery of Sovkhoz no. 10, or Sevastopol’skii Sovkhoz, in the funeral assemblages dating from no earlier than the fourth century AD. They represent a group of glass vessels, still small in the Northern Black Sea Area, which occurred in the Roman Empire in the final of the Antiquity.
Могильник римского времени Фронтовое 3: варвары на границах Империи / Отв. ред. А. В. Мастыкова, Э. А. Хайрединова. М.: ИА РАН. - C. 291-296, 2022
In the mid-third century AD, important ethnic and political changes happened in the Northern Blac... more In the mid-third century AD, important ethnic and political changes happened in the Northern Black Sea Area in relation to the so-called Gothic Wars. In the Crimean foothill area, there appeared new funeral traditions and there happened the change of grave goods, glass vessels in particular. Aline with the Near East artefacts, the barbarian environment received glass vessels from West and Central Europe.
История и археология Северного Причерноморья в античную и средневековую эпохи. Материалы Всероссийской научной конференции, Севастополь, 25–29 сентября 2022 года / Под ред. А. В. Зайкова. — Севастополь:ГИА МЗ «Херсонес Таврический». — С. 240-243., 2022
Проблемы истории, филологии, культуры. №4, С. 121–136 , 2021
This paper publishes a fourth-century AD burial assemblage from the Necropolis of Opushki located... more This paper publishes a fourth-century AD burial assemblage from the Necropolis of Opushki located about 15 km east of modern Simferopol, in the centre of Crimean foothill area. This necropolis’ excavation has been being conducted, with intervals, since 2003. During this period, 318 graves of different types have been uncovered (vaults, shaft-and-chambers graves, slabbed graves, underground graves and stone box). Judging by excavated sites, the necropolis was continuously used from the 1st century BC to the 4th century AD. Among the researched burial constructions, there are vaults typical for the Late Scythian period, burials attributed to Middle and Late Sarmatian cultures, vaults the construction of which indicates to appearance of ancestors of the Alans from the Northern Caucasus, and the cremations by German tradition. The construction, funeral rite, and grave goods of burial vault no. 287 meet with analogies among other synchronous sites in the foothill area of the Crimea. A glass beaker is of special interest, decorating with polished ovals (type Eggers 230). Such vessels have been discovered in many areas of North, Central and East Europe. For a long time, there was no common opinion regarding the time when Eggers 230 beakers appeared. Now one can state that vessel appeared in the second half of the 3rd century AD, though the main period of their use was the 4th century AD. So far, we know fi nds of six complete and fourth fragmented beakers of Eggers 230 type in the Crimean foothill area. Now this group can be enlarged with glass vessel with polished ovals from the Opushki Necropolis. Appearance of this glass beakers in the Crimea was possibly related to the intensifi cation of contacts between the population of the peninsula and the Germans, people of the Chernyakhov culture in particular in 4th century AD.
Крым в сарматскую эпоху (II в. до н. э. – IV в. н. э.). VII / Отв. ред. И. Н. Храпунов. Симферополь: ООО «Фирма "Салта" ЛТД»,. С. 260–275., 2021
The earliest glass vessels appeared in the Crimea about the mid-first millennium BC. They origina... more The earliest glass vessels appeared in the Crimea about the mid-first millennium BC. They originated from the ancient Greek cities in the peninsula and their environs. Later on, the quantity of glass vessels gradually increased, according to the materials of the cemeteries of Chersonese and Pantikapaion. In the first century BC and the first century AD, glass vessels started penetrating to the barbarians. In the cemeteries and settlements in the Crimean sub-mountainous area, there appeared balsamaria, tumblers, pitchers, bottles, and other glass ware categories. Although the quantity of glass ware was still inconsiderable, later on the strengthening connections with the residents of Greek poleis resulted in drastic increase of Greek and Roman imports, Glass vessels in particular, among the Scythians and Sarmatians in the second half of the first and the second centuries AD. In recent years, archaeological investigations in the sub-mountainous area of the Crimea considerably enlarged our notion of the assortment of glass vessels and their role in everyday life of the barbarian population in the sub-mountainous Crimea in the first centuries AD. It became obvious that glass vessels also occupied an important place in the funeral culture of the populations which created the cemeteries of Sovkhoz no. 10, Bel’bek I–IV, Frontovoe 3, and others. Throughout a few centuries, there developed funeral traditions and sets of grave goods necessary for men’s and women’s burials. These sets also contained glass vessels. In the mid-third century AD, important ethnic-political changes occurred in the Northern Black Sea Area in result of the so-called “Gothic invasions,” and the Crimea received new type of graves. Grave goods changed as well; particularly, the set of glass vessels was almost totally replaced by new types.
Античные Реликвии Херсонеса: Открытия, Находки, Теории. Материалы научной конференции, Севастополь, 20–24 сентября 2021 года / Под ред. А. В. Зайкова, Д. А. Костромичева, Е. С. Лесной. – Севастополь: ГИАМЗ «Херсонес Таврический». – С. 346-350, 2021
The Lower Volga Archaeological Bulletin, vol. 20, no. 1, 2021
The Necropolis of Opushki is located in approximately 15 km to the east from Simferopol, 2–2,5 km... more The Necropolis of Opushki is located in approximately 15 km to the east from Simferopol, 2–2,5 km to the south-west from the village of Opushki of Mazanka Rural Settlement in Crimea. Illegal excavations have been conducted on the territory of the cemetery since 2002. More than 200 burials constructions were destroyed as a result of grave robbers actions on the territory of about 3 hectares. Scientific researches of the necropolis were conducted in 2003 – 2005, 2007, 2009, 2013–2014, 2016–2020. During this period, more than 300 burials of different types have been uncovered (crypts, simple pit graves, shaft-and-chambers graves, slab graves and cist tomb). Judging by excavated sites, the cemetery was in continuous use from the 1st century BC until the 4th century AD. Among the researched burial constructions there are crypts typical for the Late Scythian period, middle and late Sarmatian burials, crypts influenced by the Northern Caucasus Alans arriving in Crimea, cremation performed by German tradition. The paper is devoted to the middle Sarmatian paired burial in the grave № 233 excavated in 2018. The assemblage of grave goods from that grave is quite various and informative: bronze fibulae, bronze and iron bracelets, red slip pottery, beads. The chronology of the burial assemblage may be defined as the second half of the 1st – first half of the 2nd centuries AD. The funeral rite of paired burials is not typical for the tradition of individual burials in first centuries, although its features are found in the burial grounds of the Central and South-Western Crimea. This funeral rite is associated with the issues of family structure and social relations in the late Scythian society
The Necropolis of Opushki is located about 15 km east of Simferopol, in the centre of Crimean foo... more The Necropolis of Opushki is located about 15 km east of Simferopol, in the centre of Crimean foothill area. Its excavations have been being conducted, with intervals, from 2003. During this period, 281graves of different types have been uncovered (vaults, shaft-andchambers graves, slabbed graves, underground graves and stone box). Judging by excavated sites the Nec was in continuous use from the 1st century BC to the 4th century AD. Among the researched burial constructions there are vaults typical for the Late Scythian period, burials attributed to middle and Late Sarmatian cultures, vaults the construction of which indicates to appearance of ancestors of the Alans from the Northern Caucasus, cremation of German tradition. During the research of Opushki (in 2003–2019) 22 glass vessels were found. Among them, there beakers, balsamaria, bowls, fl ask, jug. They were discovered in vaults, underground and shaftand-chambers graves. In Opushki Necropolis vessels of Syro-Palestine, Egyptian, and, probably, of the Northern Black Sea manufacture were found. In cemetery was found vessels made in technique of «millefi ori» and the core-formed technique. In the 1st century BC – 1st century AD this techniques of glassware manufacturing were used to imitate vessels made of precious stones. Basing on the results of studying glass houseware, it became possible to reveal the vessels which came to the population of Crimean foothill as a result of their contacts with tribes’ bearers of the German culture. Many glass vessels found in complexes dating to the 1th – 4th centuries AD have many analogies in synchronous monuments of foothill and mountainous Crimea.
XXI Боспорские чтения. Боспор Киммерийский и варварский мир в период античности и средневековья. Объекты искусства в археологическом контексте / Материалы международной научной конференции / Ред.-сост. В.Н. Зинько, Е.А. Зинько. – Симферополь; Керчь, 2020
In the North Black Sea area and Caucasus was found many glass vessels from the late roman period.... more In the North Black Sea area and Caucasus was found many glass vessels from the late roman period. especially interesting is a glass beakers decorated with honeycomb pattern, which were made in the east Mediterranean region. This article analyses their chronology and typology.
During the research of Neizatz cemetery (in 1996, 1997, 1999-2011) situated in the center of pied... more During the research of Neizatz cemetery (in 1996, 1997, 1999-2011) situated in the center of piedmont Crimea (the village of Balanovo, Belogorsk district of Autonomous Republic of Crimea) 154 glass vessels were found. Among them there were glasses, jugs, flasks, balsamaria, plates, and bowls. They were discovered in underground and shaft-and-chamber graves, vaults, childrens burials and pits with vessels. In Neizatz cemetery vessels of Syro-Palestine, Egyptian, Italian, and, probably, of the Northern Black Sea Coast manufacture were found. Basing on the results of studying glass houseware, it became possible to reveal a whole group of vessels which came to the population of Crimean foothill as a result of their contacts with tribes bearers of German culture. Many glasses, jugs, flasks, plates, and a bowl found in complexes dating to the 2 nd - 4 th centuries AD have many analogies in synchronous monuments of foothill and mountainous Crimea
Various categories of artefacts of the Germanic origin discovered in the Crimea have repeatedly a... more Various categories of artefacts of the Germanic origin discovered in the Crimea have repeatedly attracted the attention of researchers. There are special studies discussing ornaments, ceramic ware, and weapons from the cemeteries in the foothill and mountainous areas in the Crimea. Scholarly tradition relates some of the glass vessels found there with the migration of tribes of Germanic circle, though others probably formed elements of Roman import. Some categories of glass vessels were formerly not interpreted as indicators of Germanic presence. In the article the author focuses on specifi c categories of glass vessels and the way they could get to the Crimean foothill area.
In the 1st century BC, glass production comes to the new technological level culminating with the... more In the 1st century BC, glass production comes to the new technological level culminating with the introduction of glass blowing. Glassblowing allowed glass workers to produce vessels with considerably thinner walls, decreasing the amount of glass needed for each vessel. A new method made the process much quicker than other techniques, and vessels required less fi nishing, time, raw material and equipment. As a result of these factors, the cost of production was reduced, and glass became available for a wider part of society in a growing variety of forms in the Roman Period. This paper is devoted to the glass vessels with marks on the bottoms from the Northern and Northwest Black Sea region. These vessels were found in Bosporan cities (Pantikapaion, Tanais, Gorgippia), Chersonesus, Olbia, Tiras, etc. They include square and cylindrical jugs, bottles and a balsamarium. The marks on the bottoms of square jugs and bottles generally consist of various types of concentric circles and circles in relief. Three jugs have a recessed fl oral motif on the bottom. Few bottles have a Latin and Greek symbols or inscriptions that we assume to be abbreviations for personal names, places and some offi cial titles. These mars clearly identify the owner of the glass workshop. Some bottles of this kind were produced in the Eastern Mediterranean, as there were Greek (rather than Latin) letters in the marking on their bottom. Other vessels, whether they were square or cylindrical shaped, were most likely a prerogative of the glassworking industry in the Western Empire.
Contents
AIBABIN A. The Elements of Scandinavian Beast Style of the Brooches from Luchistoye
... more Contents
AIBABIN A. The Elements of Scandinavian Beast Style of the Brooches from Luchistoye
BITNER-WROBLEWSKA A. East European Enamelled Ornaments and the Character of Contacts between the Baltic Sea and the Black Sea
DROBER/AR E. On Certain Amulet Pendants in the Shape of Miniature Pots, Occurring between the Black Sea Region (Pontus Euxinus) and Scandinavia
DUSHENKO A. The Finds of Composite Single-Sided Combs of Scandinavian Look in the Territory of Mangup
GAVRITUKHIN I. Cut Glass Beakers within the Con text of Studies in the Connections between the South of Eastern Europe and Scandinavia in the Late Period of Roman Influence and the Great Migration Periods
GUNDERSEN I. M. Aspects of Interregional Impulses: Germanic princely graves in the Early Roman period
ISTVANOVITS E., KULCSAR V. From the Crimea to Scandinavia via the Great Hungarian Plain: traces of Germanic-Sarmatian contacts on the basis of finds of spherical pendants and of other phenomena
KAZANSKI M. Kishpek, Ekazhevo and Varpelev: on the problem of Pontic-Scandinavian relations in the Late Roman period
KHRAPUNOV I. The Northern Barbarians in the Crimea: a history of the investigation
LEV ADAM. To Europe via the Crimea: on possible migration routes of the northern people in the Great Migration period
LUND HANSEN U. Contacts during the Third to Fifth Century AD between South Scandinavia and the Black Sea Illustrated by Late Roman Glass and Jewellery
M4CZYNSKA M., URBANIAK A., JAKUBCZYK I. The Early Mediaeval Cemetery of Almalyk-Dere ne ar the Foot of Mangup
MAGOMEDOV B. The Chernyakhov People's Contacts with Scandinavia and the Crimea
MARTENS /. Diadems? In search for the date, use and origin of the riveted neck-rings from Scandinavia
QUAST D. The Links between the Crimea and Scandinavia: same jewellery from the third century AD princely graves in an international context
SHABANOV S. Glass Beakers with Polished Ovals from the Late Roman Period in the Crimea
STYLEGAR F-A. Weapon graves in Roman and Migration period Norway (AD 1-550)
VASIL'YEV A. Druzhnoye and Thorsberg: same aspects of the study of belt sets from the Late Roman period
Крым в сарматскую эпоху (II в. до н. э. – IV в. н. э.). IX, 2023
This paper addresses the glass vessels decorated with blue drop applications (the Nuppengläser gr... more This paper addresses the glass vessels decorated with blue drop applications (the Nuppengläser group), which became widespread at the final stage of the Antiquity in the Roman Empire and its periphery. In the Northern Black Sea Area, the glass vessels decorated with blue glass drops probably appeared at no late than the mid-fourth century AD, according to the finds from the barbarian cemeteries in the Sub-Mountainous Crimea.
Исторические, культурные, межнациональные, религиозные и политические связи Крыма со Средиземноморским регионом и странами Востока: Материалы VII Международной научной конференции в 2 т. - Т. 2. - М.: ИВ РАН. - С. 186-189 , 2023
Крым в сарматскую эпоху (II в. до н. э. – IV в. н. э.). VIII / Отв. ред. И. Н. Храпунов. Севастополь: Альбатрос. - С. 325–332., 2022
The article discusses glass vessels decorated with spiral ribbing and featuring the specific tech... more The article discusses glass vessels decorated with spiral ribbing and featuring the specific technique of mould-blowing and later free-blowing with winding. Two jugs and a goblet were found in the cemetery of Sovkhoz no. 10, or Sevastopol’skii Sovkhoz, in the funeral assemblages dating from no earlier than the fourth century AD. They represent a group of glass vessels, still small in the Northern Black Sea Area, which occurred in the Roman Empire in the final of the Antiquity.
Могильник римского времени Фронтовое 3: варвары на границах Империи / Отв. ред. А. В. Мастыкова, Э. А. Хайрединова. М.: ИА РАН. - C. 291-296, 2022
In the mid-third century AD, important ethnic and political changes happened in the Northern Blac... more In the mid-third century AD, important ethnic and political changes happened in the Northern Black Sea Area in relation to the so-called Gothic Wars. In the Crimean foothill area, there appeared new funeral traditions and there happened the change of grave goods, glass vessels in particular. Aline with the Near East artefacts, the barbarian environment received glass vessels from West and Central Europe.
История и археология Северного Причерноморья в античную и средневековую эпохи. Материалы Всероссийской научной конференции, Севастополь, 25–29 сентября 2022 года / Под ред. А. В. Зайкова. — Севастополь:ГИА МЗ «Херсонес Таврический». — С. 240-243., 2022
Проблемы истории, филологии, культуры. №4, С. 121–136 , 2021
This paper publishes a fourth-century AD burial assemblage from the Necropolis of Opushki located... more This paper publishes a fourth-century AD burial assemblage from the Necropolis of Opushki located about 15 km east of modern Simferopol, in the centre of Crimean foothill area. This necropolis’ excavation has been being conducted, with intervals, since 2003. During this period, 318 graves of different types have been uncovered (vaults, shaft-and-chambers graves, slabbed graves, underground graves and stone box). Judging by excavated sites, the necropolis was continuously used from the 1st century BC to the 4th century AD. Among the researched burial constructions, there are vaults typical for the Late Scythian period, burials attributed to Middle and Late Sarmatian cultures, vaults the construction of which indicates to appearance of ancestors of the Alans from the Northern Caucasus, and the cremations by German tradition. The construction, funeral rite, and grave goods of burial vault no. 287 meet with analogies among other synchronous sites in the foothill area of the Crimea. A glass beaker is of special interest, decorating with polished ovals (type Eggers 230). Such vessels have been discovered in many areas of North, Central and East Europe. For a long time, there was no common opinion regarding the time when Eggers 230 beakers appeared. Now one can state that vessel appeared in the second half of the 3rd century AD, though the main period of their use was the 4th century AD. So far, we know fi nds of six complete and fourth fragmented beakers of Eggers 230 type in the Crimean foothill area. Now this group can be enlarged with glass vessel with polished ovals from the Opushki Necropolis. Appearance of this glass beakers in the Crimea was possibly related to the intensifi cation of contacts between the population of the peninsula and the Germans, people of the Chernyakhov culture in particular in 4th century AD.
Крым в сарматскую эпоху (II в. до н. э. – IV в. н. э.). VII / Отв. ред. И. Н. Храпунов. Симферополь: ООО «Фирма "Салта" ЛТД»,. С. 260–275., 2021
The earliest glass vessels appeared in the Crimea about the mid-first millennium BC. They origina... more The earliest glass vessels appeared in the Crimea about the mid-first millennium BC. They originated from the ancient Greek cities in the peninsula and their environs. Later on, the quantity of glass vessels gradually increased, according to the materials of the cemeteries of Chersonese and Pantikapaion. In the first century BC and the first century AD, glass vessels started penetrating to the barbarians. In the cemeteries and settlements in the Crimean sub-mountainous area, there appeared balsamaria, tumblers, pitchers, bottles, and other glass ware categories. Although the quantity of glass ware was still inconsiderable, later on the strengthening connections with the residents of Greek poleis resulted in drastic increase of Greek and Roman imports, Glass vessels in particular, among the Scythians and Sarmatians in the second half of the first and the second centuries AD. In recent years, archaeological investigations in the sub-mountainous area of the Crimea considerably enlarged our notion of the assortment of glass vessels and their role in everyday life of the barbarian population in the sub-mountainous Crimea in the first centuries AD. It became obvious that glass vessels also occupied an important place in the funeral culture of the populations which created the cemeteries of Sovkhoz no. 10, Bel’bek I–IV, Frontovoe 3, and others. Throughout a few centuries, there developed funeral traditions and sets of grave goods necessary for men’s and women’s burials. These sets also contained glass vessels. In the mid-third century AD, important ethnic-political changes occurred in the Northern Black Sea Area in result of the so-called “Gothic invasions,” and the Crimea received new type of graves. Grave goods changed as well; particularly, the set of glass vessels was almost totally replaced by new types.
Античные Реликвии Херсонеса: Открытия, Находки, Теории. Материалы научной конференции, Севастополь, 20–24 сентября 2021 года / Под ред. А. В. Зайкова, Д. А. Костромичева, Е. С. Лесной. – Севастополь: ГИАМЗ «Херсонес Таврический». – С. 346-350, 2021
The Lower Volga Archaeological Bulletin, vol. 20, no. 1, 2021
The Necropolis of Opushki is located in approximately 15 km to the east from Simferopol, 2–2,5 km... more The Necropolis of Opushki is located in approximately 15 km to the east from Simferopol, 2–2,5 km to the south-west from the village of Opushki of Mazanka Rural Settlement in Crimea. Illegal excavations have been conducted on the territory of the cemetery since 2002. More than 200 burials constructions were destroyed as a result of grave robbers actions on the territory of about 3 hectares. Scientific researches of the necropolis were conducted in 2003 – 2005, 2007, 2009, 2013–2014, 2016–2020. During this period, more than 300 burials of different types have been uncovered (crypts, simple pit graves, shaft-and-chambers graves, slab graves and cist tomb). Judging by excavated sites, the cemetery was in continuous use from the 1st century BC until the 4th century AD. Among the researched burial constructions there are crypts typical for the Late Scythian period, middle and late Sarmatian burials, crypts influenced by the Northern Caucasus Alans arriving in Crimea, cremation performed by German tradition. The paper is devoted to the middle Sarmatian paired burial in the grave № 233 excavated in 2018. The assemblage of grave goods from that grave is quite various and informative: bronze fibulae, bronze and iron bracelets, red slip pottery, beads. The chronology of the burial assemblage may be defined as the second half of the 1st – first half of the 2nd centuries AD. The funeral rite of paired burials is not typical for the tradition of individual burials in first centuries, although its features are found in the burial grounds of the Central and South-Western Crimea. This funeral rite is associated with the issues of family structure and social relations in the late Scythian society
The Necropolis of Opushki is located about 15 km east of Simferopol, in the centre of Crimean foo... more The Necropolis of Opushki is located about 15 km east of Simferopol, in the centre of Crimean foothill area. Its excavations have been being conducted, with intervals, from 2003. During this period, 281graves of different types have been uncovered (vaults, shaft-andchambers graves, slabbed graves, underground graves and stone box). Judging by excavated sites the Nec was in continuous use from the 1st century BC to the 4th century AD. Among the researched burial constructions there are vaults typical for the Late Scythian period, burials attributed to middle and Late Sarmatian cultures, vaults the construction of which indicates to appearance of ancestors of the Alans from the Northern Caucasus, cremation of German tradition. During the research of Opushki (in 2003–2019) 22 glass vessels were found. Among them, there beakers, balsamaria, bowls, fl ask, jug. They were discovered in vaults, underground and shaftand-chambers graves. In Opushki Necropolis vessels of Syro-Palestine, Egyptian, and, probably, of the Northern Black Sea manufacture were found. In cemetery was found vessels made in technique of «millefi ori» and the core-formed technique. In the 1st century BC – 1st century AD this techniques of glassware manufacturing were used to imitate vessels made of precious stones. Basing on the results of studying glass houseware, it became possible to reveal the vessels which came to the population of Crimean foothill as a result of their contacts with tribes’ bearers of the German culture. Many glass vessels found in complexes dating to the 1th – 4th centuries AD have many analogies in synchronous monuments of foothill and mountainous Crimea.
XXI Боспорские чтения. Боспор Киммерийский и варварский мир в период античности и средневековья. Объекты искусства в археологическом контексте / Материалы международной научной конференции / Ред.-сост. В.Н. Зинько, Е.А. Зинько. – Симферополь; Керчь, 2020
In the North Black Sea area and Caucasus was found many glass vessels from the late roman period.... more In the North Black Sea area and Caucasus was found many glass vessels from the late roman period. especially interesting is a glass beakers decorated with honeycomb pattern, which were made in the east Mediterranean region. This article analyses their chronology and typology.
During the research of Neizatz cemetery (in 1996, 1997, 1999-2011) situated in the center of pied... more During the research of Neizatz cemetery (in 1996, 1997, 1999-2011) situated in the center of piedmont Crimea (the village of Balanovo, Belogorsk district of Autonomous Republic of Crimea) 154 glass vessels were found. Among them there were glasses, jugs, flasks, balsamaria, plates, and bowls. They were discovered in underground and shaft-and-chamber graves, vaults, childrens burials and pits with vessels. In Neizatz cemetery vessels of Syro-Palestine, Egyptian, Italian, and, probably, of the Northern Black Sea Coast manufacture were found. Basing on the results of studying glass houseware, it became possible to reveal a whole group of vessels which came to the population of Crimean foothill as a result of their contacts with tribes bearers of German culture. Many glasses, jugs, flasks, plates, and a bowl found in complexes dating to the 2 nd - 4 th centuries AD have many analogies in synchronous monuments of foothill and mountainous Crimea
Various categories of artefacts of the Germanic origin discovered in the Crimea have repeatedly a... more Various categories of artefacts of the Germanic origin discovered in the Crimea have repeatedly attracted the attention of researchers. There are special studies discussing ornaments, ceramic ware, and weapons from the cemeteries in the foothill and mountainous areas in the Crimea. Scholarly tradition relates some of the glass vessels found there with the migration of tribes of Germanic circle, though others probably formed elements of Roman import. Some categories of glass vessels were formerly not interpreted as indicators of Germanic presence. In the article the author focuses on specifi c categories of glass vessels and the way they could get to the Crimean foothill area.
In the 1st century BC, glass production comes to the new technological level culminating with the... more In the 1st century BC, glass production comes to the new technological level culminating with the introduction of glass blowing. Glassblowing allowed glass workers to produce vessels with considerably thinner walls, decreasing the amount of glass needed for each vessel. A new method made the process much quicker than other techniques, and vessels required less fi nishing, time, raw material and equipment. As a result of these factors, the cost of production was reduced, and glass became available for a wider part of society in a growing variety of forms in the Roman Period. This paper is devoted to the glass vessels with marks on the bottoms from the Northern and Northwest Black Sea region. These vessels were found in Bosporan cities (Pantikapaion, Tanais, Gorgippia), Chersonesus, Olbia, Tiras, etc. They include square and cylindrical jugs, bottles and a balsamarium. The marks on the bottoms of square jugs and bottles generally consist of various types of concentric circles and circles in relief. Three jugs have a recessed fl oral motif on the bottom. Few bottles have a Latin and Greek symbols or inscriptions that we assume to be abbreviations for personal names, places and some offi cial titles. These mars clearly identify the owner of the glass workshop. Some bottles of this kind were produced in the Eastern Mediterranean, as there were Greek (rather than Latin) letters in the marking on their bottom. Other vessels, whether they were square or cylindrical shaped, were most likely a prerogative of the glassworking industry in the Western Empire.
Contents
AIBABIN A. The Elements of Scandinavian Beast Style of the Brooches from Luchistoye
... more Contents
AIBABIN A. The Elements of Scandinavian Beast Style of the Brooches from Luchistoye
BITNER-WROBLEWSKA A. East European Enamelled Ornaments and the Character of Contacts between the Baltic Sea and the Black Sea
DROBER/AR E. On Certain Amulet Pendants in the Shape of Miniature Pots, Occurring between the Black Sea Region (Pontus Euxinus) and Scandinavia
DUSHENKO A. The Finds of Composite Single-Sided Combs of Scandinavian Look in the Territory of Mangup
GAVRITUKHIN I. Cut Glass Beakers within the Con text of Studies in the Connections between the South of Eastern Europe and Scandinavia in the Late Period of Roman Influence and the Great Migration Periods
GUNDERSEN I. M. Aspects of Interregional Impulses: Germanic princely graves in the Early Roman period
ISTVANOVITS E., KULCSAR V. From the Crimea to Scandinavia via the Great Hungarian Plain: traces of Germanic-Sarmatian contacts on the basis of finds of spherical pendants and of other phenomena
KAZANSKI M. Kishpek, Ekazhevo and Varpelev: on the problem of Pontic-Scandinavian relations in the Late Roman period
KHRAPUNOV I. The Northern Barbarians in the Crimea: a history of the investigation
LEV ADAM. To Europe via the Crimea: on possible migration routes of the northern people in the Great Migration period
LUND HANSEN U. Contacts during the Third to Fifth Century AD between South Scandinavia and the Black Sea Illustrated by Late Roman Glass and Jewellery
M4CZYNSKA M., URBANIAK A., JAKUBCZYK I. The Early Mediaeval Cemetery of Almalyk-Dere ne ar the Foot of Mangup
MAGOMEDOV B. The Chernyakhov People's Contacts with Scandinavia and the Crimea
MARTENS /. Diadems? In search for the date, use and origin of the riveted neck-rings from Scandinavia
QUAST D. The Links between the Crimea and Scandinavia: same jewellery from the third century AD princely graves in an international context
SHABANOV S. Glass Beakers with Polished Ovals from the Late Roman Period in the Crimea
STYLEGAR F-A. Weapon graves in Roman and Migration period Norway (AD 1-550)
VASIL'YEV A. Druzhnoye and Thorsberg: same aspects of the study of belt sets from the Late Roman period
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The construction, funeral rite, and grave goods of burial vault no. 287 meet with analogies among other synchronous sites in the foothill area of the Crimea. A glass beaker is of special interest, decorating with polished ovals (type Eggers 230). Such vessels have been discovered in
many areas of North, Central and East Europe. For a long time, there was no common opinion regarding the time when Eggers 230 beakers appeared. Now one can state that vessel appeared in
the second half of the 3rd century AD, though the main period of their use was the 4th century AD. So far, we know fi nds of six complete and fourth fragmented beakers of Eggers 230 type in the Crimean foothill area. Now this group can be enlarged with glass vessel with polished ovals from
the Opushki Necropolis. Appearance of this glass beakers in the Crimea was possibly related to the intensifi cation of contacts between the population of the peninsula and the Germans, people
of the Chernyakhov culture in particular in 4th century AD.
AD. It became obvious that glass vessels also occupied an important place in the funeral culture of the populations which created the cemeteries of Sovkhoz no. 10, Bel’bek I–IV, Frontovoe 3, and others. Throughout a few centuries, there developed funeral traditions and sets of grave goods necessary for men’s and women’s burials. These sets also contained glass vessels. In the mid-third century AD, important ethnic-political changes occurred in the Northern Black Sea Area in result of the so-called “Gothic invasions,” and the Crimea received new type of graves. Grave goods changed as well; particularly, the set of glass vessels was almost totally replaced by new types.
conducted on the territory of the cemetery since 2002. More than 200 burials constructions were destroyed as a result of grave robbers actions on the territory of about 3 hectares. Scientific researches of the necropolis were conducted in 2003 – 2005, 2007, 2009, 2013–2014, 2016–2020. During this period, more than 300 burials of different types have been uncovered (crypts, simple pit graves, shaft-and-chambers graves, slab graves and cist tomb). Judging by excavated sites, the cemetery was in continuous use from the 1st century BC until the 4th century AD. Among the researched burial constructions there are crypts typical for the Late Scythian period, middle and late Sarmatian burials, crypts influenced by the Northern Caucasus Alans arriving in Crimea, cremation performed by
German tradition. The paper is devoted to the middle Sarmatian paired burial in the grave № 233 excavated in 2018. The assemblage of grave goods from that grave is quite various and informative: bronze fibulae, bronze and iron bracelets, red slip pottery, beads. The chronology of the burial assemblage may be defined as the second half of the 1st – first half of the 2nd centuries AD. The funeral rite of paired burials is not typical for the tradition of individual burials in first centuries, although its features are found in the burial grounds of the Central and South-Western Crimea. This funeral rite is associated with the issues of family structure and social relations in the late Scythian society
In Neizatz cemetery vessels of Syro-Palestine, Egyptian, Italian, and, probably, of the Northern Black Sea Coast manufacture were found. Basing on the results of studying glass houseware, it became possible to reveal a whole group of vessels which came to the population of Crimean foothill as a result of their contacts with tribes bearers of German culture. Many glasses, jugs, flasks, plates, and a bowl found in complexes dating to the 2 nd - 4 th centuries AD have many analogies in synchronous monuments of foothill and mountainous Crimea
to the Crimean foothill area.
AIBABIN A. The Elements of Scandinavian Beast Style of the Brooches from Luchistoye
BITNER-WROBLEWSKA A. East European Enamelled Ornaments and the Character of Contacts between the Baltic Sea and the Black Sea
DROBER/AR E. On Certain Amulet Pendants in the Shape of Miniature Pots, Occurring between the Black Sea Region (Pontus Euxinus) and Scandinavia
DUSHENKO A. The Finds of Composite Single-Sided Combs of Scandinavian Look in the Territory of Mangup
GAVRITUKHIN I. Cut Glass Beakers within the Con text of Studies in the Connections between the South of Eastern Europe and Scandinavia in the Late Period of Roman Influence and the Great Migration Periods
GUNDERSEN I. M. Aspects of Interregional Impulses: Germanic princely graves in the Early Roman period
ISTVANOVITS E., KULCSAR V. From the Crimea to Scandinavia via the Great Hungarian Plain: traces of Germanic-Sarmatian contacts on the basis of finds of spherical pendants and of other phenomena
KAZANSKI M. Kishpek, Ekazhevo and Varpelev: on the problem of Pontic-Scandinavian relations in the Late Roman period
KHRAPUNOV I. The Northern Barbarians in the Crimea: a history of the investigation
LEV ADAM. To Europe via the Crimea: on possible migration routes of the northern people in the Great Migration period
LUND HANSEN U. Contacts during the Third to Fifth Century AD between South Scandinavia and the Black Sea Illustrated by Late Roman Glass and Jewellery
M4CZYNSKA M., URBANIAK A., JAKUBCZYK I. The Early Mediaeval Cemetery of Almalyk-Dere ne ar the Foot of Mangup
MAGOMEDOV B. The Chernyakhov People's Contacts with Scandinavia and the Crimea
MARTENS /. Diadems? In search for the date, use and origin of the riveted neck-rings from Scandinavia
QUAST D. The Links between the Crimea and Scandinavia: same jewellery from the third century AD princely graves in an international context
SHABANOV S. Glass Beakers with Polished Ovals from the Late Roman Period in the Crimea
STYLEGAR F-A. Weapon graves in Roman and Migration period Norway (AD 1-550)
VASIL'YEV A. Druzhnoye and Thorsberg: same aspects of the study of belt sets from the Late Roman period
The construction, funeral rite, and grave goods of burial vault no. 287 meet with analogies among other synchronous sites in the foothill area of the Crimea. A glass beaker is of special interest, decorating with polished ovals (type Eggers 230). Such vessels have been discovered in
many areas of North, Central and East Europe. For a long time, there was no common opinion regarding the time when Eggers 230 beakers appeared. Now one can state that vessel appeared in
the second half of the 3rd century AD, though the main period of their use was the 4th century AD. So far, we know fi nds of six complete and fourth fragmented beakers of Eggers 230 type in the Crimean foothill area. Now this group can be enlarged with glass vessel with polished ovals from
the Opushki Necropolis. Appearance of this glass beakers in the Crimea was possibly related to the intensifi cation of contacts between the population of the peninsula and the Germans, people
of the Chernyakhov culture in particular in 4th century AD.
AD. It became obvious that glass vessels also occupied an important place in the funeral culture of the populations which created the cemeteries of Sovkhoz no. 10, Bel’bek I–IV, Frontovoe 3, and others. Throughout a few centuries, there developed funeral traditions and sets of grave goods necessary for men’s and women’s burials. These sets also contained glass vessels. In the mid-third century AD, important ethnic-political changes occurred in the Northern Black Sea Area in result of the so-called “Gothic invasions,” and the Crimea received new type of graves. Grave goods changed as well; particularly, the set of glass vessels was almost totally replaced by new types.
conducted on the territory of the cemetery since 2002. More than 200 burials constructions were destroyed as a result of grave robbers actions on the territory of about 3 hectares. Scientific researches of the necropolis were conducted in 2003 – 2005, 2007, 2009, 2013–2014, 2016–2020. During this period, more than 300 burials of different types have been uncovered (crypts, simple pit graves, shaft-and-chambers graves, slab graves and cist tomb). Judging by excavated sites, the cemetery was in continuous use from the 1st century BC until the 4th century AD. Among the researched burial constructions there are crypts typical for the Late Scythian period, middle and late Sarmatian burials, crypts influenced by the Northern Caucasus Alans arriving in Crimea, cremation performed by
German tradition. The paper is devoted to the middle Sarmatian paired burial in the grave № 233 excavated in 2018. The assemblage of grave goods from that grave is quite various and informative: bronze fibulae, bronze and iron bracelets, red slip pottery, beads. The chronology of the burial assemblage may be defined as the second half of the 1st – first half of the 2nd centuries AD. The funeral rite of paired burials is not typical for the tradition of individual burials in first centuries, although its features are found in the burial grounds of the Central and South-Western Crimea. This funeral rite is associated with the issues of family structure and social relations in the late Scythian society
In Neizatz cemetery vessels of Syro-Palestine, Egyptian, Italian, and, probably, of the Northern Black Sea Coast manufacture were found. Basing on the results of studying glass houseware, it became possible to reveal a whole group of vessels which came to the population of Crimean foothill as a result of their contacts with tribes bearers of German culture. Many glasses, jugs, flasks, plates, and a bowl found in complexes dating to the 2 nd - 4 th centuries AD have many analogies in synchronous monuments of foothill and mountainous Crimea
to the Crimean foothill area.
AIBABIN A. The Elements of Scandinavian Beast Style of the Brooches from Luchistoye
BITNER-WROBLEWSKA A. East European Enamelled Ornaments and the Character of Contacts between the Baltic Sea and the Black Sea
DROBER/AR E. On Certain Amulet Pendants in the Shape of Miniature Pots, Occurring between the Black Sea Region (Pontus Euxinus) and Scandinavia
DUSHENKO A. The Finds of Composite Single-Sided Combs of Scandinavian Look in the Territory of Mangup
GAVRITUKHIN I. Cut Glass Beakers within the Con text of Studies in the Connections between the South of Eastern Europe and Scandinavia in the Late Period of Roman Influence and the Great Migration Periods
GUNDERSEN I. M. Aspects of Interregional Impulses: Germanic princely graves in the Early Roman period
ISTVANOVITS E., KULCSAR V. From the Crimea to Scandinavia via the Great Hungarian Plain: traces of Germanic-Sarmatian contacts on the basis of finds of spherical pendants and of other phenomena
KAZANSKI M. Kishpek, Ekazhevo and Varpelev: on the problem of Pontic-Scandinavian relations in the Late Roman period
KHRAPUNOV I. The Northern Barbarians in the Crimea: a history of the investigation
LEV ADAM. To Europe via the Crimea: on possible migration routes of the northern people in the Great Migration period
LUND HANSEN U. Contacts during the Third to Fifth Century AD between South Scandinavia and the Black Sea Illustrated by Late Roman Glass and Jewellery
M4CZYNSKA M., URBANIAK A., JAKUBCZYK I. The Early Mediaeval Cemetery of Almalyk-Dere ne ar the Foot of Mangup
MAGOMEDOV B. The Chernyakhov People's Contacts with Scandinavia and the Crimea
MARTENS /. Diadems? In search for the date, use and origin of the riveted neck-rings from Scandinavia
QUAST D. The Links between the Crimea and Scandinavia: same jewellery from the third century AD princely graves in an international context
SHABANOV S. Glass Beakers with Polished Ovals from the Late Roman Period in the Crimea
STYLEGAR F-A. Weapon graves in Roman and Migration period Norway (AD 1-550)
VASIL'YEV A. Druzhnoye and Thorsberg: same aspects of the study of belt sets from the Late Roman period