This paper presents an innovative control law for a distributed dc generation supplied by fuel ce... more This paper presents an innovative control law for a distributed dc generation supplied by fuel cell (FC) generator. Basically, an FC is always connected with a power electronic converter. This kind of system is non-linear behavior. Classically, to control the voltage, the current or the power in the converter, linearized technique is often used to study the stability and to select the controller parameters of the nonlinear converter. In this paper, a non-linear control algorithm based on the flatness property of the system is proposed. Flatness provides a convenient framework for meeting a number of performance specifications on the power converter. Utilizing the flatness property, one proposes simple solutions to the system performance and stabilization problems. Design controller parameters are autonomous of the operating point. To validate the proposed method, a prototype FC power converter (1.2-kW) is realized in laboratory. The proposed control law based on flatness property is implemented by digital estimation in dSPACE 1104 controller card. Experimental results with a polymer electrolyte membrane FC (PEMFC) of 1200 W, 46 A in a laboratory corroborate the excellent control scheme.
ABSTRACT This paper presents a high-gain boost converter for an fuel cell (FC) applications. A mo... more ABSTRACT This paper presents a high-gain boost converter for an fuel cell (FC) applications. A model-based control structure based-on flatness principle for a distributed DC generation is studied. As the derived dynamic model of the converter model is nonlinear, advanced control techniques using differential flatness are applied. Utilizing the flatness property, we propose simple solutions to the system performance and stabilization problems. Design controller parameters are straightforward and autonomous of the operating point. To validate the proposed method, a prototype FC power converter (1.2-kW three-level boost converter) is realized in the laboratory. The proposed control law is implemented by digital estimation in a dSPACE 1104 controller card. Experimental results with a polymer electrolyte membrane FC of 1200 W and 46 A in the laboratory substantiate the good control scheme.
ABSTRACT This paper presents an original control algorithm for a hybrid energy system with a rene... more ABSTRACT This paper presents an original control algorithm for a hybrid energy system with a renewable energy source: a photovoltaic (PV) array and a wind turbine (WD). A single storage device, a supercapacitor (SC) module, is in the proposed structure. The very fast power response and high specific power of a SC complements the insufficient power output of the main sources to produce the compatibility and performance characteristics needed in a load. To verify the proposed principle, a hardware system is realized with analog circuits and with numerical calculation (dSPACE) for the energy control loops. Experimental results with small-scale devices, namely, a wind turbine generator (500 W), a photovoltaic array (800 W, 31 A) manufactured by the Ekarat Solar Company and a SC module (100 F, 32 V), illustrate the excellent energy-management scheme during load cycles.
In this paper, the control approaches of linear proportional-integral (PI) and nonlinear flatness... more In this paper, the control approaches of linear proportional-integral (PI) and nonlinear flatness-based estimation for dc link stabilization for fuel cell/supercapacitor hybrid power plants are compared. For high power applications, 4-phase parallel boost converters are implemented with a switching interleaving technique for a fuel cell (FC) converter, and 4-phase parallel bidirectional converters are implemented with a switching interleaving technique for a supercapacitor converter in the laboratory. As controls, mathematical models (reduced-order models) of the FC converter and the supercapacitor converter are given. The prototype small-scale power plant studied is composed of a PEMFC system (the Nexa Ballard FC power generator: 1.2 kW, 46 A) and a supercapacitor module (100 F, 32 V, based on Maxwell Technologies Company). Simulation (by Matlab/Simulink) and experimental results demonstrate that the nonlinear differential flatness-based control provides improved dc bus stabilization relative to a classical linear PI control method.
This paper presents a system using a supercapacitor storage device to smoothen the output power f... more This paper presents a system using a supercapacitor storage device to smoothen the output power fluctuation of a variable-speed wind generator. This kind of system is a multiconverter structure and exhibits nonlinear behavior. In this paper, a nonlinear control algorithm based on the flatness properties of the system is proposed. Utilizing the flatness principle, we propose simple solutions to the energy-management and stabilization problems. To authenticate the proposed control laws, a test bench is realized in the laboratory. The control algorithm is digitally implemented by dSPACE controller DS1104. Experimental results with small-scale devices (a wind generator of 500 W and a supercapacitor bank of 100 F, 32 V, and 500 A) corroborate the superb performance during load cycles.
A renewable energy hybrid power plant, fed by photovoltaic (PV) and fuel cell (FC) sources with a... more A renewable energy hybrid power plant, fed by photovoltaic (PV) and fuel cell (FC) sources with a supercapacitor storage device and suitable for distributed generation applications, is proposed herein. The PV is used as the main generator; the FC acts as a power source, feeding only the insufficiency power (steady-state) from the PV; and the supercapacitor functions as an auxiliary source for supplying the deficiency power (transient and steady-state) from the PV and the FC. Using the nonlinear approach based on the flatness property, we propose a simple solution to the dynamics, optimization, stabilization, and robustness problems in the hybrid power system. This is the key innovative contribution of this research paper. The prototype small-scale power plant studied was composed of a PEMFC system (1.2 kW), a PV array (0.8 kW), and a supercapacitor module (100 F). Experimental results in laboratory authenticate the excellent control algorithm during load cycles.
... Thailand. d Groupe de Recherche en Electrotechnique et Electronique de Nancy (GREEN: UMR 7037... more ... Thailand. d Groupe de Recherche en Electrotechnique et Electronique de Nancy (GREEN: UMR 7037), Nancy Université, INPL-ENSEM, 2, Avenue de la Forêt de Haye, Vanduvre-lés-Nancy, Lorraine 54516, France. Received ...
This paper presents an innovative control law for a distributed dc generation supplied by fuel ce... more This paper presents an innovative control law for a distributed dc generation supplied by fuel cell (FC) generator. Basically, an FC is always connected with a power electronic converter. This kind of system is non-linear behavior. Classically, to control the voltage, the current or the power in the converter, linearized technique is often used to study the stability and to select the controller parameters of the nonlinear converter. In this paper, a non-linear control algorithm based on the flatness property of the system is proposed. Flatness provides a convenient framework for meeting a number of performance specifications on the power converter. Utilizing the flatness property, one proposes simple solutions to the system performance and stabilization problems. Design controller parameters are autonomous of the operating point. To validate the proposed method, a prototype FC power converter (1.2-kW) is realized in laboratory. The proposed control law based on flatness property is implemented by digital estimation in dSPACE 1104 controller card. Experimental results with a polymer electrolyte membrane FC (PEMFC) of 1200 W, 46 A in a laboratory corroborate the excellent control scheme.
ABSTRACT This paper presents a high-gain boost converter for an fuel cell (FC) applications. A mo... more ABSTRACT This paper presents a high-gain boost converter for an fuel cell (FC) applications. A model-based control structure based-on flatness principle for a distributed DC generation is studied. As the derived dynamic model of the converter model is nonlinear, advanced control techniques using differential flatness are applied. Utilizing the flatness property, we propose simple solutions to the system performance and stabilization problems. Design controller parameters are straightforward and autonomous of the operating point. To validate the proposed method, a prototype FC power converter (1.2-kW three-level boost converter) is realized in the laboratory. The proposed control law is implemented by digital estimation in a dSPACE 1104 controller card. Experimental results with a polymer electrolyte membrane FC of 1200 W and 46 A in the laboratory substantiate the good control scheme.
ABSTRACT This paper presents an original control algorithm for a hybrid energy system with a rene... more ABSTRACT This paper presents an original control algorithm for a hybrid energy system with a renewable energy source: a photovoltaic (PV) array and a wind turbine (WD). A single storage device, a supercapacitor (SC) module, is in the proposed structure. The very fast power response and high specific power of a SC complements the insufficient power output of the main sources to produce the compatibility and performance characteristics needed in a load. To verify the proposed principle, a hardware system is realized with analog circuits and with numerical calculation (dSPACE) for the energy control loops. Experimental results with small-scale devices, namely, a wind turbine generator (500 W), a photovoltaic array (800 W, 31 A) manufactured by the Ekarat Solar Company and a SC module (100 F, 32 V), illustrate the excellent energy-management scheme during load cycles.
In this paper, the control approaches of linear proportional-integral (PI) and nonlinear flatness... more In this paper, the control approaches of linear proportional-integral (PI) and nonlinear flatness-based estimation for dc link stabilization for fuel cell/supercapacitor hybrid power plants are compared. For high power applications, 4-phase parallel boost converters are implemented with a switching interleaving technique for a fuel cell (FC) converter, and 4-phase parallel bidirectional converters are implemented with a switching interleaving technique for a supercapacitor converter in the laboratory. As controls, mathematical models (reduced-order models) of the FC converter and the supercapacitor converter are given. The prototype small-scale power plant studied is composed of a PEMFC system (the Nexa Ballard FC power generator: 1.2 kW, 46 A) and a supercapacitor module (100 F, 32 V, based on Maxwell Technologies Company). Simulation (by Matlab/Simulink) and experimental results demonstrate that the nonlinear differential flatness-based control provides improved dc bus stabilization relative to a classical linear PI control method.
This paper presents a system using a supercapacitor storage device to smoothen the output power f... more This paper presents a system using a supercapacitor storage device to smoothen the output power fluctuation of a variable-speed wind generator. This kind of system is a multiconverter structure and exhibits nonlinear behavior. In this paper, a nonlinear control algorithm based on the flatness properties of the system is proposed. Utilizing the flatness principle, we propose simple solutions to the energy-management and stabilization problems. To authenticate the proposed control laws, a test bench is realized in the laboratory. The control algorithm is digitally implemented by dSPACE controller DS1104. Experimental results with small-scale devices (a wind generator of 500 W and a supercapacitor bank of 100 F, 32 V, and 500 A) corroborate the superb performance during load cycles.
A renewable energy hybrid power plant, fed by photovoltaic (PV) and fuel cell (FC) sources with a... more A renewable energy hybrid power plant, fed by photovoltaic (PV) and fuel cell (FC) sources with a supercapacitor storage device and suitable for distributed generation applications, is proposed herein. The PV is used as the main generator; the FC acts as a power source, feeding only the insufficiency power (steady-state) from the PV; and the supercapacitor functions as an auxiliary source for supplying the deficiency power (transient and steady-state) from the PV and the FC. Using the nonlinear approach based on the flatness property, we propose a simple solution to the dynamics, optimization, stabilization, and robustness problems in the hybrid power system. This is the key innovative contribution of this research paper. The prototype small-scale power plant studied was composed of a PEMFC system (1.2 kW), a PV array (0.8 kW), and a supercapacitor module (100 F). Experimental results in laboratory authenticate the excellent control algorithm during load cycles.
... Thailand. d Groupe de Recherche en Electrotechnique et Electronique de Nancy (GREEN: UMR 7037... more ... Thailand. d Groupe de Recherche en Electrotechnique et Electronique de Nancy (GREEN: UMR 7037), Nancy Université, INPL-ENSEM, 2, Avenue de la Forêt de Haye, Vanduvre-lés-Nancy, Lorraine 54516, France. Received ...
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